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Most working professionals as well as school and college students require very less physical activity and they are mostly seated during most part of the day. Maintaining a good posture while sitting is a step towards avoiding several lifestyle diseases that arise due to decreased physical activity. In this work, posture detection by placing multiple accelerometers on the back of user is presented. Novel use of one-class classification for detecting poor posture is proposed. One-class support vector machine and isolation forest are employed for posture detection. The classifiers are provided unlabeled data containing mostly samples of good posture. During testing, the poor postures, which we be different postures other than that considered as the good posture, are predicted as outliers. The performance of the models is compared quantitatively. The performance of one-class classifiers is also compared with commonly used unsupervised learning algorithm, k-mean clustering. Results are presented for tuning of the considered models and to study the effect of sensor placement. The isolation forest provides the highest accuracy of 99.3% and F1-score of 0.99.

The concept of home automation has been making rapid advancements in technology and features ever since it was introduced to the world for the first time. Automation has been serving as a wide domain for research. In the present scenario, the world is shifting towards automation, for it gives better efficiency and more features. Same is with home automation. A smart home can be termed as an automated system, which enables the user to have access over all its devices, and provides a user-friendly interface as well. For connectivity amongst devices, keeping an all-time active internet connection might not be pocket friendly for all, however, if connectivity can be ensured amongst devices without the presence of internet or any external network, it will make the system a lot more secure and cheaper, making the devices accessible to the user (for a specified range) and providing a user-friendly interface, to empower the user to connect to the device in a friendly manner. Apart from that, it will also prove to be a blessing, as it provides simple topology connection which will indeed help in easy operation and diagnosis of faults (if any). After the implementation of such ideology, it can be concluded that besides being pocket friendly to user, it can also lead to the development of revolutionary changes in the concept of automation, for same efficiency and the majority of features are being provided to the user.

Electric supply utilities invest a lot of money every year to improve the quality of power supplied to their customers. With the increase in demand day by day, an oligopoly has been created in the market to maintain a certain level of reliability to attract the customers such that they show the willingness to pay more for a more reliable system. For enhancing the customer contentment and comfort, according to their insistence, improvement of service reliability and simultaneously minimizing the capital costs is an extensive issue for the optimization of the distribution system. The reliability of the distribution system may be improved by the optimal placement of protective devices and switches but the determination of the optimal location and number of switches is a major concern from the reliability and economic outlook. In this paper, manual as well as optimal placement of reclosers have been done in a 13-bus radial distribution system to maximize the net profit to the utility by improving the system reliability. For optimal placement of reclosers, genetic algorithm (GA) technique has been utilized. Reliability indices such as- SAIFI, SAIDI, CAIDI, ASAI, ASUI & AENS before and after the placement of reclosers have been compared. The results thus obtained show that maximum profit to the utility with minimum capital and outage costs can be obtained by the optimal placement of reclosers in a radial distribution system.

Today we have enormous amount of data available in every sector, with the advent of technology available, it is possible to provide solutions to many problems. In this paper we are going to provide solutions to the problems related to healthcare data management using Machine Learning and Blockchain. Extracting only the relevant information from the data is possible with the use of Machine Learning. This is done using trained algorithms. Once this data is stored, the next problem is Data sharing and its reliability. This is where Blockchain comes into picture. The consensus in Blockchain technology makes sure that data is legitimate and transactions are secure. Blockchain technology can potentially change health care management for the better by placing patient at the epicentre of the healthcare system and increasing the privacy and interoperability of health data. This paper focuses primarily on solving healthcare data management problems by using Blockchain technology and including some indispensable features using Machine Learning.

This paper expounds different topologies for achieving precise control of current through a solenoid coil. Various power electronic circuits with different control strategies have been implemented. These novel topologies are aimed at achieving current control in the magnetorquer coils in a Nanosatellite. COEPSAT-2 is a student satellite mission aimed at demonstrating propulsion using solar sails. The magnetorquers are required to damp the angular velocities. Three topologies have been implemented and compared based on their transient response, ripple percentage, resolution etc. Limited literature is available on control strategies to drive a constant current through magnetorquer coils in satellites and this paper aims at bridging this gap. The topologies presented can be further extended to various low power applications across several industries; the current control in the magnetorquer of a satellite just exemplifies an application of the same. The paper presents the power electronic topology, control strategy and the comparative analysis of two novel closed loop topologies of current control and a popular open loop topology.

We report the in-situ synthesis of (M$g_{0.5} Zn_{0.5}$)$Fe_{2}O_{4}$-graphene oxide (MZF-GO) ferrite nanoparticle hybrid nanocomposite by auto-combustion technique followed by fabrication of homogeneous, structurally stable thin layer (-100-120 $\mu$m) of nanocomposite-polyurethane coating on metallic substrate (A1) and its application on the properties of broadband microwave absorption over the gigahertz (GHz) frequency range. Microstructure studies of nanocomposites depicted that small sized ferrite nanoparticles $(-24 \pm 6 nm)$ are grafted on and through the graphene layers, which forms a homogeneous coating. The nanocomposite-polymer coating demonstrated excellent broadband absorption properties with absorptivity of greater than 85%. The nanocomposite-polymer coating showed good absorptivity over the frequency band of 4-15 GHz, which has numerous practical applications as radar absorbing materials (RAM), stealth technology, electromagnetic shielding, and many more.

In this paper, we attempt to provide a recommender system to help NGOs select motivated and passionate individuals to promote their cause on social media by evaluating their digital social profiles. We have taken Twitter as the social medium due to its relatively easier access to user data and tweets. The best fit for a particular NGO would be the person who has both influence within her digital social network as well as writes and posts on matters relevant to the NGO. To achieve this ranking, we break down the profile of the candidate into three metrics: Influence, Engagement and Relevance. These three metrics provide quantitative scores of the influence the candidate has over her network, how engaged her follower base is and how relevant the topics the candidate talks about is to the NGO’s work respectively. The first metric uses the TwitterRank algorithm to measure the influence the user has on his follower base. Engagement quantifies the way the follower base reacts to the posts through likes and retweets. Finally, we implement topic modelling with LDA to quantify the relevance of the candidate’s tweets to the NGO’s areas of interest. We consider whichever topic the NGO provides as the domain on which it requires candidates and hence, this system can be used by any organization to find persons of interest on Twitter.

The concentrated and effective studies on SEP (Stable Election Protocol) have opened its wide arena and its usage. The work studies the implementation of energy efficient protocol for mobile wireless sensor networks (WSN) which uses the base station technique, where a base station serves as a gateway to send data to another network Received information by cluster head (CH) node involves high price, thus, when the distance between sensor networks is very large, then only the system will opt towards the formation of cluster heads. The work illustrates a survey towards the heterogeneous parameters of the real-time applications for SEP. Further, the different algorithms and their mathematical formulation are studied and discussed. The fuzzy logic approach was implemented, which was capable of taking effective real time decisions, even with incomplete Intel. In a detail study, we had an overall perspective presented for energy utilization in wireless sensor networks using clustering techniques.

In a sensor network, the energy is consumed rapidly by the sensor nodes, and drains battery power quickly. Hence, resulting in short lifetime of the nodes around the sink because of high amount of traffic in the system, mentioned as bottleneck zone. The work studies to opt for a single-hop as nodes which are present in the bottleneck zone, acting as cluster head, communicating with base station. Based on different literature, the issues still lies with the proper implementation of heterogeneous sensor networks and thus, an overview perspective has been shown towards the constraints and some possible solutions in terms of energy efficient network.

In this paper, we are presenting a novel programmable gain and bandwidth instrumentation amplifier (PGB-INA) for biomedical applications. By virtue of its programmable gain and bandwidth, it can measure various bio-potentials such as ECG, EMG, EOG, etc. The proposed PGB-INA also features an extremely low input referred noise (1.34 μVrms within the integration bandwidth of 50 mHz to 11 kHz) and high CMRR (84 dB). The design is fabricated in 180 nm mixed-mode CMOS technology. The PgB-INA provides a measured programmable gain and bandwidth of 30 to 40 dB and 100 Hz to 2.7 kHz, respectively. The PGB-INA occupies die area of only 150 μm × 200 μm and consumes 18.3 μΑ current from 1.8 V supply. Various bio-potentials are measured using the proposed PGB-INA such as ECG, EMG and EOG which are also presented in the paper.

In the past, online ad networks owned their supply of impressions for ads with publishers and matched it to their own demand (advertisers). However, in the past few years, with programmatic ad selling becoming common place, these ad networks are now appealing to demand from multitude of demand side platforms (DSPs). The general approach is to partition the demand into pools (based on type of ads or the demand party). An inevitable challenge is the impedance mismatch between the marketplace and the demand pools. Thus, a central problem is to figure out how to handle each supply request and selectively send requests to demand pool so as to optimize the performance of entire supply. This is the Callout Problem. We present a large scale data analysis and control system that (a) continually learns changing traffic patterns, capacities, bids, revenue etc, and (b) picks the best slice of traffic to send to each demand pool, subject to their capacity constraints. The optimization is based on a greedy solution to the underlying knapsack problem which easily adapts as capacities change over time. We have implemented and deployed this solution for the callout problem in one of the largest mobile ad marketplaces(InMobi) and has been operational for several months. In this paper, we will describe the scale of the problem, our solution and our observations from operational experience with it. We believe a well-engineered solution to the Callout problem is essential for many ad networks in the online ad world.

Resistor combinations are being frequently used by scientists and researchers to get the desired value of resistance. In literature; this is achieved either by connecting the resistors in various combinations or by manual tuning of potentiometers; which is quite tedious. Moreover; resistance value is compromised with another close available value most of the time. In the present work; an attempt is done to design a digital resistance box that provides the desired value of resistance by simply entering the value through a digital keypad. In the presented approach; a microcontroller is used to control the servo motor; on which the potentiometer is mounted. The resistance of the potentiometer get varied by servo motor; which is controlled by a microcontroller. The microcontroller is programmed to control the servo motor using binary search computational algorithm. Experimental results represent the efficacy of the proposed approach to generate the desired value of resistance.

Wireless sensor network (WSN) is a network of various tiny nodes which are mostly deployed in the remote areas to monitor the environmental attributes like temperature, humidity etc. In this paper we have optimized the routing path in IECBR (Improved Energy Efficient Chain Based Routing) protocol which is one of the most recent techniques based on PEGASIS (Power Efficient Gathering in Sensor Information System). We have used Honey Bee Optimization (HBO) technique to select the next node which is to be added for the chain construction for the data transmission from the network to the base station. The energy and distance are the two parameters which are exploited as optimization parameters. It is evident from the simulation results that the H-IECBR (Honey bee optimization based IECBR) improves the first node dead by 56 % and network lifetime by 116% as compare to the IECBR. The proposed protocol H-IECBR is favorite to the applications where the network area is not scalable due to some inevitable constraints.

Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) is an evolving technology of today's world and is expected to be all pervasive in the near future. The vehicles in VANET possess mobility as well as computational processing power. The vehicles collaboratively form the ad-hoc network and are peers of each other. This paper discusses solving Traffic Congestion as an application of VANET. We have simulated the work of mobility on Network Simulator Tool(NS2), in which we have simulated the traffic roads with the help of SUMO(Simulation of urban mobility) using routing protocol AODV.

In today's modern world heart diseases is common not only for the elder people but also for the younger people. ECG is one of the important biomedical signal which is generally used to diagnosis the human heart. In this work hardware is designed and implemented to acquire a real time the electrocardiogram (ECG) signal and many medical practitioners used this technique for diagnosing but while recording this signal many noises knowingly or unknowingly are added to the ECG signal. Common noises which generally get added to the ECG are Baseline wandering, Power Line Interference, Instrumentation noise etc. These noises are present according to their frequency content. Different kinds of noisy signals are generated in MATLAB environment and add with the reference ECG signal which is taken from MIT-BIH arrhythmia database. For performing the filtering operation digital Finite impulse response filter is introduce to reduce the noise from the electrocardiogram signal and their performance has been analyzed on the basis of signal to noise ratio (SNR).

Ultra Wideband (UWB) has been pondered as a promising technology for short-range wireless communication with large unlicensed frequency band for commercial, military, medical, enterprise private and public uses. A novel fractal antenna is designed to achieve the desired UWB characteristics. The proposed antenna is of compact size with dimension 34×32×1.6 mm3. Analysis of this antenna is done utilizing the 3D Electromagnetic tools. The simulated radiation pattern of the proposed antenna is nearly of Omni-directional with a maximum gain of 4.83dB and efficiency of 93.55%, with impedance bandwidth of 7.90 GHz (3.24 GHz to 11.14GHz). The proposed fractal antenna is well suited for Ultra Wideband (UWB) Wireless Communication Applications.

This paper presents our experience using the Unified Incident Command Decision Support System (UICDS) middleware platform developed by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security to facilitate sharing data between our Real-Time Decision Support System (RTDSS) and third party data sources. We describe the basics of UICDS and further show how we integrated UICDS one of our projects.

We present a low power probabilistic floating point multiplier. Probabilistic computation has been shown to be a technique for achieving energy efficient designs. As best known to the authors, this is the first attempt to use probabilistic digital logic to attain low power in a floating point multiplier. To validate the approach, probabilistic multiplications are introduced in a ray tracing algorithm used in computer graphics applications. It is then shown that energy savings of around 31% can be achieved in a ray tracing algorithm's floating point multipliers with negligible degradation in the perceptual quality of the generated image.

Decimal data processing applications have grown exponentially in recent years thereby increasing the need to have hardware support for decimal arithmetic. Binary to BCD conversion forms the basic building block of decimal digit multipliers. This paper presents novel high speed low power architecture for fixed bit binary to BCD conversion which is at least 28% better in terms of power-delay product than the existing designs.

Decimal data processing applications have grown exponentially in recent years thereby increasing the need to have hardware support for decimal arithmetic. In this paper, an improved architecture for efficient Binary Coded Decimal (BCD) addition/subtraction is presented that performs binary addition/subtraction without any extra hardware. The architecture works for both signed and unsigned numbers. The design is runtime reconfigurable and maximum utilization of the hardware is a feature of the architecture. Simulation results show that the proposed architecture is at least 32% better in terms of power-delay product than the existing designs.