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A device is proposed for measuring color characteristics, which, using a measuring transducer, assigns to each radiation three signals proportional to color coordinates. Existing devices have many drawbacks, among them low speed, due to the use of inert elements, which makes it impossible to measure rapidly changing light fluxes. In this device, the authors tried to minimize the shortcomings. Also in this article, a mathematical model of the device is proposed. Attention is paid to the psychophysiological perception of color.

The paper reviews the current studies on the recorded effects of non-thermal factors of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) on humans and experimental animals. The non-thermal effects of EMR impact various systems of a biological organism, which leads to changes in biological processes. They disrupt the normal functioning of the body and its systems: sexual, nervous, endocrine, immune. The study presents the registered changes in a biological object caused by the influence of EMR, starting from the intracellular level and ending with the effect on the body as a whole. The results of EMR exposure are shown and include stimulating negative and positive processes in biological objects. In particular, the relationship between the EMR impact on the initiation and development of cancer processes is traced. There is also a negative effect on spermatogenesis and the activity of male germ cells, which ultimately leads to a decrease in sexual function. The positive effect of EMR is observed in a decrease in neurodegenerative changes in the brain of experimental animals.

The radiophysical installation designed to study the effect of microwave radiation on biological objects, with an operating frequency of 915 MHz, was used to influence mice with Ehrlich ascites carcinoma. The laboratory animals were exposed to microwave EM radiation of different intensity. The experimental results obtained revealed the dependence of the tumor growth on the intensity of the microwave radiation exposure.

At this paper biological effects of influence of electromagnetic radiation and moderately low temperature to biological object are investigated. Authors propose to define a contribution of isolated influences by electromagnetic field and low temperature to its combined effect and to establish the relationship between immunological parameters and other associated processes in the body.

The article describes the basics of microwave diagnostics from the point of view of creating a new method for obtaining data to detect pathologies in biological objects, as well as sensors and computational human phantoms for preliminary modeling of experimental equipment.

One of the essential tasks in connectomics is the morphology analysis of neurons and organelles like mitochondria to shed light on their biological properties. However, these biological objects often have tangled parts or complex branching patterns, which make it hard to abstract, categorize, and manipulate their morphology. In this paper, we develop a novel topological nomenclature system to name these objects like the appellation for chemical compounds to promote neuroscience analysis based on their skeletal structures. We first convert the volumetric representation into the topology-preserving reduced graph to untangle the objects. Next, we develop nomenclature rules for pyramidal neurons and mitochondria from the reduced graph and finally learn the feature embedding for shape manipulation. In ablation studies, we quantitatively show that graphs generated by our proposed method align with the perception of experts. On 3D shape retrieval and decomposition tasks, we qualitatively demonstrate that the encoded topological nomenclature features achieve better results than state-of-the-art shape descriptors. To advance neuroscience, we will release a 3D segmentation dataset of mitochondria and pyramidal neurons reconstructed from a 100um cube electron microscopy volume with their reduced graph and topological nomenclature annotations. Code is publicly available at https://github.com/donglaiw/ibexHelper., Technical report

Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by the gradual deterioration of a trabecular bone, changing its density and composition. Dielectric constant of the trabecular bone, which is affected by the bone composition, changes propagation characteristics of electromagnetic (EM) waves within this medium. The goal of this work is to study the dependence of the characteristics of the EM wave propagation on the osteoporosis severity degree. A human finger is considered as the object of the study. This paper presents results of modeling the finger EM properties and propagation of the EM wave through the finger for various osteoporosis severity degree levels. Results of extensive experimental studies with EM wave propagation through the human fingers have been performed and are presented in the paper. Two different approaches to the problem of EM injection into the finger were considered: the coaxial probe method and Fabry-Perot resonator formed by the finger placed between a planar antenna and a reflecting surface. The results of the wave propagation analysis within the fingers containing healthy and diseased bones are used for estimation of the osteoporosis severity degree. A numerical criterion intended for an estimation of the osteoporosis severity degree is suggested.

The new approach for measuring deep temperature of human body is proposed based on radio-thermometry. The novel design of radio-thermometer is developed and described containing microstrip antennas as an radio-thermometer applicator/receiver with significantly reduced coefficient of standing waves. The high efficiency of radio-thermometer is clinically proved for diagnostic of inflammatory processes in human body.

The effects of short and intense electric pulses on cell membranes are well identified. The delivery of these electric pulses, termed electropulsation, is a very robust phenomenon that results in changes of the cell membrane permeability that are known as electroporation or electropermeabilization. Electropulsation has a number of applications in biology and medicine and in the industries of food and environment. Electroporation is already used in human and veterinary clinics, particularly in the frame of an antitumor approach termed electrochemotherapy. Still, controversies on the changes affecting the cell membrane after the electric pulses delivery were/are a continuous discussion topic amongst the experts in the field.

A new approach to the use of nanotubes as an alloying tool for living biological objects is proposed. The basis of the mechanism of doping is chemical detonation in the nanotube. A procedure for the accelerated calculation of nanotube parameters for the purpose of doping is proposed. The possibilities of parallel programming in calculating the parameters of a detonation gas mixture are shown.

Designing radiophysical devices for investigating the effect of microwave radiation on biological objects is one of the main directions in applied modern radio-electronics. An installation for investigating the radiophysical microwave radiation effects on laboratory animals has been developed, with the frequency being 915 MHz, power of electromagnetic radiation being 10 μW/cm2. The results obtained demonstrate the survival rate of mice with tumor under the influence of electromagnetic field.

Nanostructures research plays a crucial role in the transformation of breakthrough scientific ideas into next-generation technology. In the way that silicon revolutionized the microelectronics industry, plasmonic nanostructures can greatly impact on the field of analytical instruments for molecular analysis of materials, even biological objects. Currently, research in the plasmonics has been faced the problem of choosing the optimal plasmonic nanostructures in order to realize useful devices. Usually, metal components such as gold, silver and copper serve for working elements of plasmon-active surfaces, which have a number of advantages in comparison with other materials. However, on the stage of devises design, the choice even between three different metals causes great difficulties. In order to take the first steps to solve this problem, here we consider the criteria for plasmon-active metals choice, and also give examples of Au, Ag, and Cu nanostructures obtained by the controlled self-assembly in limited pore volume of the SiO 2 /Si template for SERS applications.

The tendency of arch-trapped microwave propagation at curved surfaces is a kind of diffraction which needs more attention in the development of measurement systems, from the oil industry to the investigations using antenna applicator systems for biological objects. We develop equations for propagation in very Iossy substances in metal pipes. Similar such propagation occurs at the periphery of rounded objects in air, where also surface wave effects occur and can cause measurement problems. We show a modified contacting antenna applicator minimizing arch-trapped as well as surface waves.

Different steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy approaches are investigated to obtain the highest quality spectral information from biological objects. Synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy (SFS) leads to improved spectral resolution in detection of multi-compound and complex systems, where several fluorophores with similar excitation and emission properties have place. In this study SFS was used to detect and differentiate normal and neoplastic skin and gastrointestinal lesions.

A laser medical device has been created to conduct an exact photodestruction of the vascular formations of the skin and subcutaneous tissue. Conducted studies on model biological objects for confirmation the possibility of realizing the optimal parameters of laser radiation providing photodestruction of hemoglobin containing tissues.

Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) is non-linear vibrational spectroscopic technique with sub-millisecond sampling times allowing to perform video rate imaging on biological objects including even few tens of cells simultaneously. In this work SRS was used for in vivo study of cell division in zebrafish embryo in order to get insight into temporal evolution of the related processes.

The possibility of noninvasive detection of magnetic particles in biological objects has been investigated. It has been found that magnetic particles, including magnetite, hematite, and catalytic iron particles in carbon nanotubes, can be detected by ultrasensitive magnetic field sensors with resolutions of 10−8-10−14 T. This research direction is shown to be promising for noninvasive monitoring of organs, implants, prosthesis, and other elements of biological systems.

Image segmentation is an important first step for the quantitative analysis of biomedical images. We present a method to simultaneously segment and classify translucent overlapping objects in 2D images. For this we propose an approach using a fully-convolutional neural network simultaneously solving two tasks: object detection and instance segmentation. Object detection predicts reference points, object class labels and sizes. To solve the problem of multiple labels per location, we lift our label-space from 2D to 3D, resulting in a non-overlapping representation of the instance masks. To our knowledge it is the first method that handles overlapping biological objects using deep learning making it easily applicable to a large variety of challenging datasets.

This paper presents the results of research aimed at determining the effect of an oscillating magnetic field on water substrates of various biomass wastes. The methodology of modeling physical processes in substrates is presented. The results of experimental studies of water substrates in the magnetic field of permanent magnets on a laboratory installation are given. The recommendations on the use of the presented research results are formed.

The problem of cellular resistance to external influences is a fundamental problem of biology. The actual task for today is to study the mechanism of the cellular response to electromagnetic radiation. The question of creating a device for forming the signal of an electric and magnetic low-frequency field is considered. The electric field is formed by static plates, and magnetic by the specially designed coil inductance. To expand the functionality of the device, the field is formed by two quadrature signals. The formed field will be used to study its effects on living biological objects. The block diagram, the principle scheme and the design of the device are developed. The main technical parameters are given. The questions of construction of separate units of the device are considered. Graphs of dependence of device parameters on signal frequency and constructive parameters of inductive load are given.

Optic properties of cholesterol liquid crystals promote their use as active elements of optic sensors for quantitative and qualitative evaluation of biological substances. The change of spectral characteristics of cholesterol liquid crystals occurs during contact with biological substances, which is the basis for detection, identification and diagnostics of biological objects. Spectral characteristics of liquid crystal substances based on cholesterol liquid crystal BLO-62 with admixture of nematic liquid crystal 5CB and their change on introduction of aqueous solutions of pepsin and trypsin have been investigated. Concentration of pepsin (6%) and trypsin (10%) in aqueous solutions and their content in liquid crystal medium has been optimized to achieve maximal value of spectral sensitivity coefficient. The optical converter was developed with cholestric liquid crystal as a sensitive element. For the enzymes investigation the structural scheme of the sensor device is developed and the peculiarities of the information signal formation are presented. The sensor operation algorithm is developed to measure different types of enzymes.

It is analyzed ways and methods of contrast improvements of biological objects images, which are created by television optical microscope. Advantages of TV scanning microscope usage for biological objects images formations are reviewed. Methods of research stages which allow to improve microscope parameters are shown in this paper.

The performance of most of the image alignment algorithms degrades in the presence of untextured and homogeneous image regions. Such large regions, and thus inappropriate for using them for alignment, appeared in most of the biological objects. In this paper the Pixel-ECC image alignment algorithm to laparoscopic surgery tailored to avoid this form of degradation is proposed. This is achieved by the use of the Frobenius norms of the Hessian matrices of the image pair for the dynamic detection of the problematic regions in each iteration of alignment algorithm. The proposed algorithm as well as other state of the art image alignment algorithms are used in a number of experiments based on artificial and real laparoscopic data, and the proposed algorithm seems to outperform its rivals.

The system that models biological objects (e.g. colloids, ensembles of protein molecules) with competing interactions is considered. Such objects attract each other on short distances and repel at larger separations. The model is the system of particles on a triangular lattice interacting via a pair potential which is attractive for the nearest neighbors and repulsive for the third ones. Monte Carlo simulation data for the chemical potential, thermodynamic factor and correlation functions indicate the possibility of order-disorder phase transitions in this system. The simulation data are compared with the analytical results on the basis of the quasichemical approximation.

Electrical Impedance of biological tissues changes with the change in tissue anatomy and tissue physiology. Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) has been studied to characterize the biological objects like fruits and vegetables for assessing their freshness. In this direction, the EIS studies have been conducted as a nondestructive investigation evaluation method to study the electrical impedance variations in banana ripening. The aim of the work is to correlate the impedance variation with the ripening process in banana. A small amount of alternating current is injected to the banana attached to impedance analyzer board AD 5933. The banana impedance and phase angles are measured from 100 Hz and 12 KHz. The results demonstrate that the electrical impedance of banana varies significantly during its ripening. From the experimental studies, it is observed that the impedance and imaginary part of the impedance are decreased and real part of the impedance was increased with the progresses in the banana ripening process.

In this article, modern technical means of obtaining, processing and analysis of images for biological objects are studied. Whole process from recording the image, to processing it, is dissected both in hardware and technical details. Information about automated systems of processing for general purpose researched, and also confocal laser scanning microscope specialized system of image processing and techniques behind the analysis for micro objects are considered. The confocal approach made it much easier to obtain images of living microobjects, made it possible to automate the accumulation of three-dimensional data, and improved images of drugs using simultaneously several fluorescent markers.

This article presents estimation and simulation results of the distribution of specific absorption rate (SAR) by biological objects, which are tissues of the human body (blood, muscles, fat). TEM-cell was used as a source of excitation. The simulation was carried out using various types of excitation (Gaussian pulse, bipolar Gaussian pulse and amplitude-modulated sinusoid). It is revealed that different signals cause differences in the distribution of SAR in the biological objects under consideration.

The rapid growth in the number of cancer patients in the last decade has become a real challenge for modern medicine. At first, it is due to the fact that in most instances the effective treatment is possible only in the early stages of the disease. Modern medical diagnostic methods which allow to carry out earlier and pre-clinical diagnostic is usually invasive, costly, not always safe for the patient, and cannot be widely used for screening. Therefore, currently, the creation of new inexpensive and safe methods of early non-invasive diagnosis of cancer is an important task. The report describes the main issues and challenges related to development of microwave imaging systems of biological objects. The original hardware-software system for the study of biological objects is created. The system has frequency range from 137.5 to 4400 MHz and the sensitivity of 55 dB. The visualization of the object under study is performed according to the scattering measurements in the near field region.

The topic of our research is based on the perspective of electromagnetic principles of living system operation. The overall objective of this research is to expand knowledge of the impact of weak external low-frequency electromagnetic fields (EMF) on the functioning of selected biological objects. The particular aim of the research is to design a new experimental approach enabling efficient scanning through EMF parameters while searching for a specific response of the investigated biosystem. Methods based on the impedance spectroscopy are being developed to determine the response in the growth rate of cell cultures in an aqueous medium as well as in electrical characterization of cell structures. For this purpose, a complex experimental platform for quantitative characterization of the biological response to specific parameters of weak low-frequency electromagnetic fields is under development.

The possibility of various sizes biological objects processing by using the electrode with two point contacts of 0.5 mm in diameter by cold plasma (CP) is considered. It is shown, that by using such a thin electrode, it's possible to implement a thin and volume insision of a biological tissue and treat the surface of biological objects of various sizes.

Over the last decade there has been a significant increase in the number of patients with cancer worldwide. Although the new methods of cancer treatment are very effective, successful treatment is possible only with diagnosing the early stages of the disease. Therefore, creating new and harmless methods for early or pre-clinical diagnosis of cancer is an important task at present. The report describes the main issues and challenges related to development of microwave imaging systems of biological objects. The original hardware-software system for the study of biological objects was created. The system operates in the frequency range of 137.5 – 4400 MHz and has a sensitivity of 55 dB. The study and visualization of investigated object is performed according to the measurement scattering in the near field region. Solutions of salts and glucose were used as phantoms of biological objects. The fundamental possibility of detection and visualization of contrast areas of the internal environment as the gradients of the permittivity and conductivity is shown.

The work contains feasibility study of independent components analysis (ICA) in bioradar data processing. The method was tested on separation of respiratory and heart beat patterns in bioradar signals. A mathematical model of a bioradar signal reflected from biological objects is presented. Mathematical simulation confirmed that ICA is appropriate if observing a single person for separating vital signs patterns even in most challenging cases (e.g., sports bradycardia). In addition, the possibility of respiration pattern extraction from bioradar data in case of biological objects observed simultaneously by means of ICA was tested on models, which confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed method.

The paper focuses on modeling and experimental investigations of electromagnetic waves propagating along the surface of biological objects. Wave propagation parameters such as attenuation and phase velocity are of main interest. The results of numerical simulations are compared with experimental data.

A review of the up-to-date methods of semiconductor colloidal quantum dots synthesis for application in biology and medicine as well as summary of sensors based on colloidal quantum dots and metal nanoparticles are presented. The principles of sensors interaction with biological objects are examined.

Problems of the investigations in the sphere of electromagnetic fields (EMF) impact on biological objects (BO) in the TEM-cell have been considered. Researches on BO exposed to EMF (cell cultures, plants, worms, insects, animals) have been systematized. Features of devices for climatic (temperature, humidity, CO2 and nutrients) and electromagnetic exposure needed for research of specific BO have been described. The need for temperature control and video monitoring during the research on BO exposed to EMF has been justified. The results presented may be useful for development of research methods for investigation of the EMF impact on specific BO, as well as for the development of technical requirements in order to provide devices useful for such studies.

The main consequence of the interaction between cells and pulsed electric fields is the destabilization of the plasma membrane leading to its permeabilization. Previous vibrational spectroscopy studies (S.M. Gruenbaum et al., J. Chem. Phys., 135, 2011) have shown that interfacial water is highly organized around the phospholipids of the membrane. Moreover, various numerical studies (such as Molecular Dynamics simulations) have shown that the interfacial water is highly disturbed by the pulsed electric field. We detail here a study of the behavior of the interfacial water around biological objects, before and after exposition to intense pulsed electric fields, by Coherent Anti-stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) spectroscopy.

We demonstrate a novel method for trapping and manipulating microdroplets in liquid media using a hydrodynamic trap. This method enables confinement and long-term observation of biological objects such as cells and macromolecules.

In this paper method of biological tissue image analysis is proposed. This method is based on scale properties of biological objects. Different characteristics of tissue are calculated on levels of scale image pyramid and allow defining more complete description for diagnostics or monitoring of disease.

The algorithm for computing 3D-characteristics of dynamic biological objects is proposed. The algorithm is considered on the example of living one-celled organisms.

This article deals with the approach of modeling of magnetotherapy influence on biological objects particularly blood vessels. The block scheme and the advantages of trial device sample for magnetic therapy are described.

In this paper the development of the electrical bioimpedance topic as a part of the traditional master's course of Biomedical Electronics is discussed. A description of this part of the course and analysis of it is given together with explanations to the way of discussing the electrical properties of the biological objects, tissues and organs in the course. Discussion of measurement of the Electrical Bioimpedance, and of the electronic means for this purpose are also presented. All this is done in connection with the problematics of providing the students the e-learning facilities over the Internet.

Device for measuring of the impedance was created which can be incorporated into any radiofrequency generator and measures resistance of heated tissues of biological objects during it's ablation.

This paper sums up the results of bioradiolocation experiments dedicated to the monitoring of human adaptive capabilities, which were conducted at Remote Sensing Laboratory (Bauman Moscow State Technical University) during last two years. The main task of bioradiolocation is remote or non-contact measurement of movement, breathing and pulse parameters of biological objects behind an obstruction or in open space at some distance. This method can be used in sleep medicine, functional diagnostics, pharmacology, zoo-psychology, restorative medicine and disaster medicine. Description of the bioradar experimental procedure is given.

The problems of measurement of electromagnetic self-radiation of biological objects as well as the principles of design of medical diagnostic devices on their basis are discussed. Two models of a medical radio thermometer are described: for 8-cm and 25-cm wave lengths.

The measuring device designed for measurement of own radio-thermal radiation of biological objects in radio frequency range is proposed. The practical estimation of the device resolving power for the spectral power density, confirming the device applicability for the study of biological objects, is done.

The problem of establishment of Grid-centre linked up with medical institutions by means of data network that transmits and compresses images of medical and biological objects for further recognition is considered. Image recognition is realized upon terms and conditions of information-extreme intellectual technology of analysis and synthesis of the self-learning recognition systems.

Research works on biological effects of ultrawideband pulsed radiation which were realized in the Kharkiv National University are summarized. Investigations were done on different biological objects: human cells, Artemia sp., Drosophila melanogaster. Biological effects of ultrawideband pulsed radiation were observed in a range from 10−6 to 10−2 W/cm2. Different experimental models revealed different sensitivity to low-level radiation. The most sensitive to low-level radiation was the Artemia sp. hatching percentage (10−6 Wcm2). Human cells were less sensitive to radiation (10−4 W/cm2). Irradiation of more power (10−3 W/cm2) induced dominant lethal mutations (DLM) in Drosophila. In our opinion, the most appropriate method for assessment of biological effects of irradiation is evaluation of heterochromatin granules quantity (HGQ) in human cells.

Test experiments carried out in clinical terms on measuring of dielectric data of human blood and evaluation of erythrocyte adrenergic activity [1] showed that measuring complex on the basis of the developed before reflectometer [2] possesses some failures to complete. A cuvette for biological objects loses stability of measuring at the intensive continuous duty (6–8 hours), and also at measuring of time dependence of complex permittivity (by series for 6 minutes). It was also shown that some features of material of patients have an influence on measurements, i.e. device sensitivity was not enough for statistically reliable differentiation of blood cells reaction on bioactive substances effect.

Optical interferometry is the most sensitive, effective and informative technique for highly accurate vibration measurements. In addition this method is non-contact, nondestructive and applicable for measuring the vibrations either of the surfaces or of the particle groups in gaseous or fluid media. Due to such exceptional features of this method, it can be applied for experimental investigations in the various fields of science.

Automated extraction of knowledge from voluminous documents is a vast research area. Text mining is a promising approach for extracting knowledge from unstructured textual documents. The objective of this paper is to mine documents pertaining to Ayurveda, which are retrieved from PubMed into a databank, and find novel transitive associations among biological objects. This paper discusses the extraction of biological objects from the databank using an Automated Vocabulary Discovery (AVD) algorithm. A text-mining process is described for finding transitive (novel) associations among the extracted biological objects. The text mining algorithm, in addition to identifying novel associations (termed hypotheses), also assigns a numerical significance score to them. The expectation is that those with higher score have greater likelihood of being true than those with lower scores. Experimental results as well as their validation results are presented, demonstrating that the method has the potential to predict novel and interesting true associations.