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This paper reports a new design of polysilicon flow sensor fabricated by UMC $0.18\ \mu \mathrm{m}$ CMOS MEMS foundry. Our self-heating design is different from the conventional one which has floating plate with resistive temperature detectors (RTDs) heated by another heater aside, and our self-heating RTD half-bridge is only $300\times 250\ \mu \mathrm{m}^{2}$ in chip size. This new design outputs a normalized sensitivity of $138\ \mu \mathrm{V}/\mathrm{V}/(\mathrm{m}/\mathrm{s})$ within the speed range of 0-15 m/s. This sensitivity is 89% of Y.-K. Lee's work in IEEE MEMS 2020. The dummy specimen and the orientation-free wind tunnel tests also confirmed the sensor performance.

The LCC HVDC may be an effective way to transmit large wind power to load center. Because of variability of wind power, the variable power controlled LCC HVDC should be used. However, the reactive power will fluctuate frequently, and the filter and tap will also be switched frequently. A new control method including constant Udi0 control and rectifier AC voltage control is put forward to adjust the firing angle of invertor and keep the reactive power not changed so much, which can reduce the number of shunt filters/capacitors switching number and transformer tap stepping number. The reactive power control method is very important and practical for large wind power integration into power system.

The difficulty of speech comprehension under background noise greatly influenced the use of hearing aids. To address this problem, this paper proposes a new hearing aids algorithm based on speech recognition and synthesis. This method is based on the pure speech to build a parameters database. Under the real noisy scene, implement speech recognition for the input speech, and then extract the corresponding parameters according to the results of the recognition and synthesize the pure speech. To improve the noise robustness of speech recognition system, we use a newly proposed kernel power flow orientation coefficients (KPOCs) as the characteristic parameters for training and testing. Because the speech synthesis is based on the parameters of pure speech, the output speech almost does not contain noise, and the difficulty of speech comprehension has great improvement.

An integrated frequency lowering algorithm is proposed to increase the audibility of high frequency signal and alleviate the spectral masking associated with sensorineural hearing loss, thus increase the intelligibility of the speech. Firstly, the input signal is transformed into frequency domain by FFT algorithm. Secondly, the energy of the low frequency band and high frequency band is calculated to determine whether frequency shifting is required to increase the audibility of consonants. Thirdly, the spectral samples in each bark-scale channel are compressed towards the band center by a constant factor to reduce the effect of spectral masking. Finally, frequency envelope shaping is utilized to increase the audibility of the whole frequency band. Five subjects with moderate sensorineural hearing loss participate the test. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm out perform the conventional frequency lowering methods.

Automatic pulmonary nodule detection in Computer Tomographic (CT) images is a challenge task for the Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) systems. This paper proposes a novel nodule enhancement filter (Homocentric Squares Filter) for automatic nodule detection based on CT characteristic and shape feature. First, the bright regions in the image are enhanced by calculating the CT value variation between an inner square and an outer hollow square. Then, a line-restrained function is constructed to eliminate line-like region response of the filter. Simultaneously, a uniformity function is defined to exclude the marginal region and the corner region response of the filter. Finally, the output of the proposed filter is a combination of the CT value variation function, line-restrained function and uniformity function, which can enhance those nodule-like regions and avoid the response of line-like, marginal and corner regions. Moreover, the integral image technique is applied to speed up the processing of the filter. Experimental results showed that the proposed filter outperformed the selective filter according to the nodule enhancement effect and the processing speed.

Nodule detection is a vital step in computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system, for its accuracy can greatly influence the reliability of the system. Many researchers have proposed lots of effective filters to detect nodules. However, these filters have limitations, such as changing the nodules shapes and sizes. This paper proposes a modified Difference of Gaussian (DoG) detector for pulmonary nodule location. First, Keypoints that represents nodule-like regions are assigned by using the DoG detector. Second, since the DoG detector gives response to the image corners and edges, the Hessian Matrix is employed to eliminate those Keypoints located at the image corners or close to the edges. Experimental results showed the performance of the DoG detector and the modified DoG Detector.

Narrowband powerline communication has the great potential market application like Auto-Meter-Reading (AMR). This paper focuses on the design and implementation of narrowband powerline communication module with the OFDM technology. Firstly, it introduces the OFDM solution for low voltage powerline communication module design, then it describes the implementation of the sync module, Viterbi code translation module and FFT module based on FPGA platform in details. Finally, it provides the actual test results for the communication module. It shows, the communication data rate of the narrowband powerline communication is greatly improved with OFDM technology.

The rescue on sudden nature disaster depends on emergency system in great extent in the city. Face to more and more severe disaster, the construction of emergency system becomes more and more important. The paper establish the evaluation standard of emergency system, then takes Nantong which lies on Yangzi estuary as an example, analysis the emergency system in Chongchuan region whose people and economic is biggest density. The results show the key problems to restrict sudden system contraction are the store of sudden water source and disaster relief materials. So, the area should increase the store and reinforce the management.

In view of the question that the date of velocity measurement is inaccurate when tracer bullet is measured based on light screen target, on the basis of analysis the luminous mechanism, the paper present a method of tracer bullet velocity measurement based on light screen target, and acquire a velocity measurement system by using the construction principle of light screen target field of view detection. First of all the measurement systems devise the test device for tracer,and fast acquire two shape signals and two tracer signals match with the light screen target lighting apparatus and receiving device, then calculate the flight speed of tracer bullet by way of velocity measurement algorithm. The measurement system has been certified in the velocity-measuring experiment of gunshot, the principle and method is feasible. The measurement system can not only measure tracer bullet's velocity but also measure non-tracer mode bullet velocity.

Shield starting is an accident-frequent phase in the construction of shield tunnel. It is a key and urgent problem how to ensure the stability of reinforced soil in that phase. In this paper, the frequently adopted soil reinforcement methods at the shield tunnel end were summarized. Combining with the case of beginning project of shield acting at Suzhou Subway Yang Yu Xiang Station's west end, in which the application of cup-shape horizontal freezing method was planned to reinforce soil, the ADINA program was run to analyze the shield starting project, followed by the strength checking calculation. In addition, a special attention was placed on the displacement field and stress field under variable thickness of cup bottom in this project. The conclusion is as follows: a) For the soft soil areas, the most frequently used reinforcement approach is cement-soil deep mixing pile + high pressure rotary jet grouting pile; b)When subject to the environmental constraints or ground sand level with water, the cup-shape level freezing method can be employed to reinforce the soil; c) Numerical simulation showed that the extent of displacement was increasing along the boring direction of tunnel toward the cave gate after removing the sealed door. The maximum displacement is by 8.1 mm, occurring in the center of tunnel face; The maximum deformation of the surface occurred over the sealed door, subsiding by 3.1mm; d) The calculated strength of the cup-shaped reinforcement can meet the safety requirement. Difference of the displacement values and stress values from the variable effective thicknesses of the cup bottom is negligent. This reinforcement approach was feasible even if the effective thickness is 1.0m. In the end, the parameter values of the reinforcement approach at the beginning project of shield acting in Suzhou subway construction were proposed.

After the results of the reform of the collectively-owned forest rights system, there will be a large database including the graphics and the corresponding attribute data This paper has studied the spatial structure of forest resource such as the spatial concentration, diversity, evenness based on the data of Yiliang County, Yunnan province. According to the standards of mountain forest coverage in China and Yunnan province and the situation of the township, the forest cover has been broadly classified into four grades. This paper also analyzed the proportion of forest land ownership between the personal contract and collectively-owned in different township. The aggregation of spatial distribution of forest resources has been determined through the entropy, after calculated G = 0.628.It shows that the aggregation of spatial distribution of Yiliang country is not large. The diversity or evenness of spatial distribution of forest resources has also been discussed. From the study we can see that the data of the reform of the collectively-owned forest rights system can provide good foundation for the research of sustainable forest development and planning.

As an organic composition of Digital Earth, Digital Forestry is a dynamic concept and its technologies is developed and perfected accompanied with the development of information technology and management techniques. The information and data of the Digital Forestry is wide, rich content, huge and dispersed. It is an urgent problem how to integrate these data and make it useful for forestry decision-making and forestry management. Grid and Web services provide the key to solving these problems. The design objects and function of Web services in Digital Forestry platform which aimed at the character of forestry information construction was been expatiated in this paper. The structure of the Digital Forestry platform was put forward with service-oriented architecture and Grid technology. Virtualization of resources in Grid technology is reflected by the form of Web services and the state is an important concept in Grid computing. HTTP agreement is stateless and we often agree that Web services are stateless entities, but the state is very important for us, the problem how to realize the orderly Web services need to be solved in time. WFRS (Web Services Resource Framework) give us a way to solve this problem. WSRF is a series of norms to describe the "state" of the resources and the relationship between Web services. WS-Resource is the core of WSRF. In this paper we studied the relation between Web services, state and WFRS. It is the WFRS. net technology which is used in this paper to design the Digital Forestry Web services platform. The development of Forestry service standards, the methods of services registered, the service call mechanism and the way of service publication were discussed in the WSRF-based Web Service. The Web service registering, publishing, inquiring and using were implemented on this platform. A new method of types of forestry information sharing and multi-management level and multi-operation field cooperative working was provided by our WSRF-based and Grid-supported platform in this paper.

To cope with the occlusion and intersection of target, trace forecast is employed in the visual tracking. Considering the continuity of location, velocity and acceleration of the target, sampling rate conversion based on cubic spline interpolation is proposed to cope with the variance of sampling rate in the multirate system. Target trace is fitted and the location of the object in the future is predicted by subsection least square method with the latest composed locations of the target. The best number of input data to fit the trace of the target and predict the location of the target is determined by experiments and analyses of tracking performance with variant numbers of input data. Experiment results show that the proposed sampling rate conversion algorithm and trace forecasting algorithm are effective in real time visual tracking.

The quadratic discrimination function (QDF) is a common method widely used in pattern recognition. It is optimal when the sampled features are normal with known means and covariance matrices. In this paper, a new transform is proposed and a method named modified QDF (MQDF) is deduced aim to improve the non-normality of the features during the speech emotion recognition, both prosodic and voice quality features are considered in the experiment. The results show that our method is effective and robust.

Loudness compensation is one of the most important functions of hearing aids. Because hearing loss is commonly more severe for high-frequency signal than low-frequency signal, the gain of the loudness compensation should be modified with the frequency of the signal. In this paper, a new method for multichannel loudness compensation based on human auditory is proposed. Then design algorithm for near perfect reconstruction oversampled filter banks is presented, and the parameters of the sub-band filters are designed for senile hearing loss. Simulation and experimentation results prove the validity of this method.

According to the character of footprint images, a smoothing algorithm based on multi-scale morphological reconstruction for footprint image is proposed in this paper. First of all, a non-idempotent connected operator which can be the criterion for multi-scale filter is defined and an condition to final scale space is decided on the basis of the feature of footprint image. Subsequently, the connected operator is imposed an increasing property so that not to give rise to artificial edges in filtered image. At last the connected zones of footprint image and their relations are described and the way of the multi-scale morphological adaptive reconstruction filtering for footprint image is implemented by using maximum tree structure. Lots of experimental results indicate that this algorithm can not only remove the noises of different-scale of footprint image, but also protect the outlines of footprint image. It's an effective smoothing method for footprint image.

Based on the technique of projection onto convex sets (POCS), a kurtosis subgradient projection (KSP) algorithm is proposed in this paper which is applied in the scheme of the acoustic echo cancellation successfully. KSP algorithm utilizes the kurtosis of error signal after adaptive filtering as the projection area and expands this projection area to half space by using the definition of subgradient. Finally a simply projection expression can be got by projecting onto this half space. Experiments indicate that not only the convergence speed is increased but also the robustness to noise is enhanced compared to traditional method. Additionally, system performance gets promoted evaluated either by mean square error (MSE) or by echo path misalignment.

Prefetching is an important technique for single Web server to reduce the average Web access latency and applying it on cluster server will produce better performance. Two models for parallel Web prefetching on cluster server described in the form of I/O automaton are proposed in this paper according to the different service approaches of Web cluster server: session persistence and session non-persistence. Meanwhile, an advanced scheduling algorithm based on Web prefetching (Prefetch_LARD) is put forward. By mining the transition probability between pages from Web access logs, the algorithm builds up a prefetching model based on Markov chain. Experiments show that under the same test environment, Prefetch_LARD algorithm increases cache hit ratio in up to 26.9% and the throughput in up to 18.8% compared with the classical locality-aware request distribution (LARD) algorithm

Many Web mining methods have recently been used to model user navigational behavior based on log files of the Web server. Cluster-based server architectures combine good performance and low cost, and are widely used for Web service. In this paper, we propose a parallel Web mining (PWM) algorithm for link prediction in the environment of Web cluster server consisting of several nodes that act as independent Web servers. According to the PWM algorithm, the transition probability matrixes are firstly obtained from the Web log flies of each node by adopting the Markov chain model, compressed under the constraint of the probability threshold c and parallel threshold a, and then sent to the central node which combine these independent results to get an integrated result by some rules. By different accuracy requirement, the PWM algorithm can be divided into simple PWM algorithm (S-PWM), faster but less accurate, and complex PWM algorithm (C-PWM), slower but more accurate. Furthermore, a related incremental parallel Web mining (I-PWM) algorithm is put forward too. The experimental results show that PWM algorithm can not only alleviate the communication cost by sending the mined transition probability matrix and decrease the time complexity by disposing in parallel but also hardly affect the accuracy of the Web mining result.

The NAS-RIF algorithm for blind image deconvolution proposed by D. Kunder and D. Hatzinakos [1996] can obtain good image estimates when free of noise, but it can't get satisfactory result in the presence of noise. Because of this, Michael K.Ng, et al. [2000] presented NAS-RRIF algorithm, which mainly regularizes the inverse filter to avoid the excess amplification of noise. However, NAS-RRIF algorithm doesn't improve the result greatly. Blind restoration of binary images is also important, so we combine more a priori information of a binary image with NAS-RIF algorithm and propose a modified NAS-RIF algorithm for noisy binary images. This algorithm also considers the situation when the background is not black and overcomes the scale problem of NAS-RIF algorithm.

This paper presents a method to improve the noise robustness of Chinese continuous speech recognition system based on the PCANN/HMM hybrid structure. By using the principal components combined by successive multi-frames as the input of HMM, it introduces the dependency between frames and also reduces the noise effectively. And in this paper, we also improve the traditional spectral subtraction method. Experimental results demonstrate the efficiency of the new algorithms in Chinese continuous speech recognition under high noisy environments.

Estimation of the trajectory of a target from a passive sonar's bearings and frequency measurements in the presence of multivariate normally distributed noise, with unknown inhomogeneous general covariance, is modelled as a nonlinear multiresponse parameter estimation problem. It is shown that maximum likelihood estimation in this case is identical to optimizing a determinant criterion which has a concise form and contains no elements of unknown covariance matrix. An effective Gauss-Newton type algorithm, using only the first-order derivatives of the model function, is presented to implement such estimation. The simulation shows that the proposed approach is superior to the traditional estimation methods especially under the condition of strong inhomogeneity of noise covariance and high correlation between different types of measurement noises.