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As we usher in the 21st century, digital technology has risen to an engine of development in the information age, making its presence felt in every aspect of our life, and meanwhile providing new solutions to protection and inheritance of culture and art. Linxia brick carving is a gem of traditional Chinese culture, and it is necessary to explore how to combine digital innovation with inheritance of this cultural gem from the perspective of "intangible cultural heritage". In this paper, the inheritance and innovation of Linxia Brick Carving Art was studied based on Digital technology, from the functional innovation of "environmental pottery", the language innovation of "pottery" craft materials and the visual innovation of modeling language "adapt to time change". This aspect proposes the current innovative digital development strategy of Linxia brick carving art, with the purpose of inspiring people to change their concepts, creating design works that adapt to the development of the times, and expanding new spaces and ways for the development of brick carving art.

Modern seed breeding programs require the ability to analyze seeds efficiently to be useful. Even simple measures such as volume and density can be challenging to compute efficiently with modest equipment. Accurately measuring seed volume becomes a highly under-constrained problem. Multiple images from different perspectives are required.This paper presents an efficient and affordable 3D single seed volume measurement system to extract image contours and compute volumes using a modified volume carving method in a controlled lab environment. The framework is constructed with a turntable, a stepper motor controlled by an Arduino microcontroller, three orthogonal cameras, and camera control via a modest computer used for data acquisition and processing. For testing, images are captured using only a side camera from different angles by rotating the turntable. Then, the framework processes the multiple images in parallel and reconstructs 3D seed objects to calculate the volume based on the voxel numbers. The proposed framework: (1) generates single seed 3D geometries for visualization, (2) calculates precise seed volumes within seconds, and (3) achieves less than a 3% error rate on a reference ceramic sphere.

The preservation of Balinese carvings in traditional buildings is needed to preserve by collecting Balinese carving data. Balinese carving data collection is an attempt to save important patterns in Balinese carvings to become a reference for repair Balinese carvings that are beginning to erode by age. Balinese carving recognition is the first step to preserve cultural heritage by collecting Balinese carving motifs on traditional sacred buildings. In this study, we compare the performance of Convolutional Neural Network pre-trained models for Balinese carving recognition. We use transfer learning using four pre-trained models, i.e., MobileNet, Inception-v3, VGG16, and VGG19, to train the recognition model. In the model training process, we fine-tuned the number of parameters trained on each pre-trained model to produce the best performing model. Based on eight experimental scenarios, the VGG19 can produce the best performance with a recognition accuracy of 87.50%.

The protection of architectural cultural heritage is the requirement of the times. The application of information digitization technology plays an important role in the protection of architectural cultural heritage. The stone archways of Longquan Temple in Wutai Mountain is huge in size and complex in shape. In the process of digital protection, in order to collect massive and accurate digital 3D information, it is necessary to select different large and small scanners and other scanning equipment according to the site situation in the information collection process. The stone archway is made of white marble, which may have strong reflection, different data characteristics collected by different types of scanners, and blind spots in scanning large volume buildings. All these phenomena require proper processing. Taking point cloud data as the intermediate data of cultural heritage digitization,Different technologies and algorithms are applied to data errors and blind spots in order to achieve secondary precision carving of data, select the data and meet the requirements of high fidelity of digital information.

Artificial intelligence is providing new possibilities for pre-serving and reviving traditional arts and crafts. Here we present a method to automate the creation of seal carving artworks with deep learning generated glyphs, an interactive user interface for seal design, and fast mechanical engraving to turn the design into a physical entity. People with no prior experience of seal carving created personalized Han-dynasty-style seals using the interface we developed. Our method allows novices to be engaged in the creative design of Chinese seals and greatly improve the efficiency of the seal carving process, which used to be time-consuming and require high expertise.

With the advancement at industrial automation, the triaxial linked system has been widely applied at various industrial fields. The paper introduces a kind of carving system which is based on three-phase asynchronous motor and servomotor. PLC could make a general treatment to the signal from the internal timers for each shaft, the ON/OFF signal and the input signal of the sensors. The program in the PLC may generate certain time series to drive the system at regular operation and that each part works at the set logic sequence for the final goal to make the system function accurate carving. Meanwhile, the system could be immune to the unexpected interference, including that from the dust, and then operate at a stable and safe way.

JPEG fragment carving technology is a hot and difficult research field in data recovery and computer forensics. Most of the adjacent Pixel Similarity algorithms for JPEG images have high accuracy when the pixels are continuous and smooth, Low accuracy will occur when image contains sharp areas such as there are strips, vertical strips and angles. SoD and ED only focus on the similarity between adjacent edge pixels, rather than the integrity and smoothness of the whole image. MED uses the surrounding pixel values to predict the target pixel value, which is better than SoD and ED in the prediction of pixel integrity. In order to solve this problem, we provide a new Euclidean distance adjacent pixel detection algorithm MED-ED based on median edge detector, according to the local stability and the characteristics of MED. Secondly, the design algorithm to judge the original cluster size, according to the Features of the file system, in order to solve the problem of inefficiency under the situation of the current storage device capacity soaring and high image quality. The experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively improve the accuracy and efficiency.

In the printing and carving industries, it is necessary to check whether printed outputs or carved wares are missing or etched through comparing the drawings. Traditional approaches and identification methods can’t be used for this application where the number of character categories are not determined, and where the character may be unique designed by manufacturer. Driven by the one-to-one matching pattern, we propose an end-to-end dual input network for automatic comparison, which uses convolutional neural network to extract features from the scanned images which collected from printed matters. Then, we convert the corresponding drawing to the vector of the same dimension to calculate distance and the match/mismatch result. Experiments show that our method can effectively solve the problem of character comparison with many types, and at the same time propose an automated comparing program for the industrial imprinting process.

In recent years, the research about modeling methods for robots and computer numerical control (CNC) machines has been developed rapidly. In this paper, in order to reduce the materials cost, according to the kinematic chain characteristics of the serial robot joint, the carving manipulator model is established by using SimMechanics toolbox. At the same time, its' three-dimensional (3D) model is constructed using SolidWorks, which is imported into ADAMS to obtain 3D dynamics model. Then, the two modular models are compared by providing the constant overlap spiral trajectory. The results of simulation show that preset path of the cutting tool can be accurately obtained by using the simulation models, which demonstrate that the modular modeling is a rational and effective technique.

In this paper, we study the problem of tracking multiple frequency components in a noisy signal using a spectrogram-based method. Previous approaches such as image processing based or hidden Markov model based methods may not be capable of tracking multiple frequency components, may require extensive training, and may be time-consuming. To address these issues, we propose an accurate and efficient method named Adaptive Multi-Trace Carving (AMTC) for tracking multiple frequency traces by iterative forward and backward dynamic programming and adaptive trace compensation. Experimental results reveal that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods especially under low SNR conditions.

Video retargeting is to resize a video to a desired resolution or aspect ratio while preserving its salient content without visual distortion. The key to video retargeting is to reconcile spatio-temporal coherence of video frames, and most existing works use seam carving to achieve that by employing the dynamic programming to find optimal seams. However, these methods are too time-consuming due to high computational complexity of the dynamic programming. To this end, we propose a novel method which uses discontinuous and suboptimal seams for seam carving. Concretely, we obtain the discontinuous seams by allowing seams to move freely in homogeneous regions of the frame, which helps preserve the spatio-temporal coherence effectively. Then, the genetic algorithm is employed to find suboptimal seams, so as to reduce computational complexity. Finally, each frame can be retargeted to a new aspect ratio or size by repeatedly carving out seams. Compared to the-state-of-the-art methods, the proposed algorithm achieves comparable results at an average expense of only one third of their running time.

Wood is the main element that determines the quality of a furniture product or other wooden crafts. Furniture in the beginning is a furniture industry and carving jati wood carving, so that the resulting furniture products further highlight the art aspects (carvings). Lack of knowledge of industrial furniture in this field resulted in difficulties in determining the decision to choose wood to be a good and quality furniture crafts, but to determine whether a wood is feasible or not as a furniture required a systematic and accurate calculation in order to obtain the right decision. The software development of decision support system (DSS) using Technique For Others Reference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method uses wood quality feasibility parameters consisting of 5 criteria, namely the criterion of physical properties of wood, the mechanical properties of wood, the wood grade, the age of wood and the wood-containing substance, and the alternative consists of 4 namely: jati wood, trembesi wood, mahogany wood and acacia wood. After knowing the parameters, the next step is to analyze the problem and test using Microsoft Excel. The result of this research is to get decision based on objective data to determine the best wood decision to be used as material for handicraft furniture.

This document proposes to analyze the contribution of File Carving techniques in the recovery of data in solid state devices (Solid State Drive — SSD) that have been affected by crush and fall scenarios with different strengths. For this purpose, Semantic Carving and Fragment Recovery Carving techniques have been used. Obtaining results categorized in the metrics: number of files recovered, number of valid files recovered, number of partially recovered files, number of false positives. Finally, the results obtained are compared by applying the mathematical model of linear regression.

Although some remarkable advancements have been made in image carving, even in the presence of fragmentation, existing methods are not effective when parts (fragments) of an image are missing. This paper addresses this problem and proposes a PRNU (Photo Response Non-Uniformity)-based image carving method. The proposed technique assumes that the underlying camera fingerprint (camera sensor noise) is available prior to the carving process. Given a large number of image fragments, the camera fingerprint is used to find the position of fragments in a to-be-carved image. Using all known-position-fragments, the number of to-be-carved images is then found. The known-position-fragments and the unknown-position-fragments are placed on these images using two different greedy algorithms. Experiment with 23040 fragments shows that the proposed scheme has a true positive rate of 94.2%.

The traditional optical focusing technology cannot meet the demand for high speed, stable and precise laser engraving. In this paper, a mixed focusing technology is proposed, which combines the advantages of the pinhole focusing method and interference focusing method to achieve the high speed, dynamic and precise focusing in laser engraving. The design of the test system is completed. The 200Hz focus speed with 5μm precision and 500Hz focus speed with 20μm precision are realized. Experimental results and data are of great significance for the automatic and intelligent development of laser engraving industry.

Three-dimensional (3D) morphological information of Zebrafish larvae is important for investigating the development of the vertebrate model. Some existing automated handling systems have already been developed to reconstruct 3D models of micro-objects, but many commercial devices are generally costly and complicated to assemble, which limits their wide usage. In this paper, we present an automated visual servo platform to carve 3D model of Zebrafish larva in a simple and controllable manner. The proposed 3D carving strategy only involves a 4-DOF manipulator, a glass capillary and a micropump. The Zebrafish larva is first captured by the capillary mounted at the end of the manipulator. Then, the manipulator rotates larva body to desired orientations in order to obtain 2D images from different views. A structure-from-motion algorithm finally carves the 3D model of the larva body. Experimental results verify the validity of proposed methods, and a guideline of selecting the number of views is also given. As a high-cost-performance system, it has a considerable reference for reconstructing other microobjects.

using file carving techniques is one of most recent techniques that is used to retrieve the important data from unallocated space in a corrupted file system. In the traditional operating systems, such as Windows or Linux that have a small size of hard disk to store data, the researchers implemented many file carving techniques to carve a specific type of files (e.g. PDF, JPIG... etc.). However, with the presence of a specially designed file system that stores a huge volume of data, namely Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS), the carving techniques should be established to recover the minimum amount of data corrupted by attackers considering the HDFS capabilities. In this research, we propose a framework, which encompasses different steps working together as a new carving technique to retrieve the most possible pieces of files that are corrupted by 10%, and to ensure that the files are successfully carved.

The objective of this paper is to describe that carve 2D image on the 3D curved surface based on surface flattening using hybrid 3D printing approach. Customized logo or trademark is supposed to be displayed on the surface of products, which cannot be completed only by 3D printing techniques. Projection algorithm, which transfers the 2D image to 3D sticker that matches the surface of products, is one of the techniques to satisfy this demand. In this paper, we propose a novel surface flattening algorithm that combines conformal mapping with optimal adjuster based on edge-lengths of the original mesh. By using the proposed algorithm, the surface of 3D model is unfolded. A two dimensional data or figure is mapped onto the unfolded plane. After the plane is mapped onto the 3D surface, a path for carving is obtained to sculpture the indicated figure onto the model. Moreover, compared with the several surface flattening methods, the proposed algorithm can minimize distortion while transferring 2D figure to 3D sticker. Furthermore, the algorithm is physically experimented to proof of the concept on the gantry-type hybrid machine developed in our NTU lab which integrates the additive (3D printing) and the subtractive (carving) process.

Rapid development of computer is followed by development of digital storage device. One common problem of digital storage device is data loss. The problem of data loss could be solved by using file carving techniques, for example. File carving techniques could be performed using carving tools, such as PhotoRec and Foremost. This research was conducted to know and to compare performance of carving process from PhotoRec and Foremost based on three parameters, which are the number of return files, file validation, and the rate of process. The research used simulation methods. The process of file validation uses hash algorithm SHA1 to make sure the similarity between original and return files. The result of this research shown with table that PhotoRec has a higher performance than Foremost. PhotoRec have return files less than Foremost, but PhotoRec has a higher percentage of valid files than Foremost. Additionally, the rate of carving file process done by PhotoRec is higher than Foremost. Finally, the research reaches the conclusion that PhotoRec is better than Foremost.

This study tests a number of open source forensic\ud carving tools to determine their viability when run across split raw\ud forensic images (dd) and Expert Witness Compression Format\ud (EWF) images. This is done by carving files from a raw dd file to\ud determine the baseline before running each tool over the different\ud image types and analysing the results. A framework is then written\ud in python to allow Scalpel to be run across any split dd image,\ud whilst simultaneously concatenating the carved files and sorting by\ud file type. This study tests the framework on a number of scenarios\ud and concludes that this is an effective method of carving files using\ud Scalpel over split dd images.

Rotary-linear switched reluctance motors (RLSRMs) are usually implemented in industry applications, such as boring mill, drill press and carving machines, etc [1].

We have heard of Cyber Espionage where a spy was able to hide data and go unnoticed virtually. Using some forensics frameworks we can able to hide and retrieve data in any format both in Windows and Linux operating systems. Whatever the data are made to be hidden in the disk, some frameworks are very good at its carving technique which it analyze and give all the parts of the disk or any other memory devices. In this paper I have clearly explained how memory forensics frameworks analyze the memory of the hard disk drives. Some specific utilities are capable and designed specifically only for windows Operating system and at the same way some forensics frameworks are designed specifically for Linux based distributions. Here I have analyzed few frameworks that are currently good in conducting a digital forensic investigation. These frameworks are for a human resources internal investigation where unauthorized investigation into the server, or to select frameworks to conduct new investigation and these frameworks and suits will assist to conduct analysis of memory forensic, forensic analysis of hard drive, forensic imaging, forensic image exploration, forensic imaging and mobile forensics. Such that, they all designed in such a way that it has the features to bring back in whole depth analyzed report of its merits in its technique flow and about what's under the system hood.

In digital forensics, file carving of video files is an important process in the recovery of video evidence needed for many criminal cases. Traditional carving techniques recover video files based on their file structure. However, these techniques fail in cases where the file is split into several fragments, especially if some of the fragments were overwritten. In this paper, we present a method for identification and recovery process of video fragments if the video Codec specifications were overwritten. It consists of two parts which are detector and validators. The detector looks for sequences of bytes that could be video fragments in forensics image. The validator decides to accept or reject that a given fragment is a part of a video file. Based on the proposed method we implement a prototype which is called VidCarve. We have conducted several experiments to evaluate the proposed method with current video carving tools. Experimental results show that the discussed method can identify video fragments with high rates of precision and recall. The overall performance rate can produce forensically sound evidence and play a vital role in the process of recovery of digital evidence in many criminal cases.

Within this recent years, the maker movement has been developed widely and rapidly in many countries. It encourages individuals to become a maker who is capable of developing a product or design by a low cost process and cheap facilities. Unlike current manufacturers, the makers' products are usually built by a small batch production. It exactly fits the needs and requirements for the age of mass customization. In order to speed up the development of the maker movement, low cost facilities are needed. About the need, makers and engineers have started to develop a set of open sources to freely provide people to build their own machines. 3D printers like Prusa i3 and Rostock are the topical examples. Those cheap machines become makers' major equipment to build their products. Of course, a 3D printer associated with multiple functions definitely can satisfy more makers' building tasks. Based on this fact, this paper is proposed to develop an integrated system which contains both functions of 3D printing and Laser carving in one machine. As we knew, 3D printing is an additive manufacturing technology and Laser carving is a subtractive manufacturing technology. They utilize completely opposite approaches to build their parts, but they are controlled digitally. In the machine, the 3D printing is based on the technology of the Fused Deposition Modeling. It extrudes plastic filament from a nozzle and deposits melted plastic along planned paths layer by layer until a part is completed. For a high quality of printing, the height of the nozzle for printing the first layer is an important control parameter. If the height is too high, it may cause the printed part to fail to stick on the print bed. If the height is too low, it may stop melted plastic out from the nozzle. In order to smooth the printing task, an inductive proximity sensor was installed to develop an auto-bed-leveling system to optimally locate the height of the printer nozzle during a print job. For Laser carving, the auto-bed-leveling system can be used to locate the Laser at optimal height to execute its carving task. This paper presents a designed platform on which an extruder of 3D print head and Laser can be installed without problem. For making auto-bed-leveling work perfectly with Laser carving, an investigation of the Laser carvings at different heights are presented. In addition, a calibration to obtain optimal height is also presented in the paper. This paper presented a detail of developing an integration of 3D printer and Laser carving. It is useful to makers to own a multifunction of machine for their product development.

In Malaysia, the main focus of Jabatan Kemajuan Orang Asli (JAKOA) is helping aboriginal people on various aspects in their lives. For example, education, accommodation, basic survival skills and other facilities for this group of people to adapt and survive in modern times of Malaysia [1]. However, are these efforts enough? The Mah-Meri people are one of the nineteen tribes of aboriginal people in Malaysia. The homeland of this ethnic tribe is situated in Carey Island, located less than forty miles from Kuala Lumpur, hidden in plain sight. The Mah-Meri tribes survives by producing creative handy crafts such as wood carvings and weavings to keep themselves afloat in these challenging times. The ancestral skills and stories of their ethnic tribe are passed down by word and mouth from generation to generation. However as the society moves towards the future, many of the skills and stories are forgotten and lost [2]. Some of the Mah-Meri people have moved on working in the city and there are still a portion of them continuing the legacy. Due to that, it has arisen that the Tompoq Tompoh Mah-Meri Women's ‘First Weave’ project, states that it is obvious and that there is a need to document their oral tradition and culture [2]. In this paper, the documentation of the Mah-Meri wood carving shall be presented in a digital platform. The demand of interactive systems are flooding the technology industry where every individual are now armed or equipped with a digital device [3]. Interactive systems play an important role in the effort of preserving the Mah-Meri tribe's culture and heritage. In this paper, a documentation journey of the Mah-Meri wood carving process into digital platform will be discussed. The final output of the prototype targeted to users of the Malaysian public and international audience.

Digital forensic is the process of collecting, preserving and analyzing the evidence obtained from the digital media, which start from the moment of collecting these evidence. On the other hand, if the file system is corrupted or deleted, then file carving techniques should be established to restore the maximum amount of deleted data, especially, the fragments. File carving is a methodology that helps the investigators to retrieve and acquire the data from unallocated space. There are many carving techniques are used to find different types of file such as (PDF, XML, JPEG etc.). This paper will focus on the JPEG file carving techniques since the JPEG is the most widespread loss compression formats used by digital cameras. The main contribution of this paper is to review the existing techniques for JPEG file carving and evaluate them to identifying their characteristics. Also are classified according to the types of carving techniques used, fragmentation handling issues, and the existence of file system. Additionally, a hybrid method proposed to perform special tasks depending on fragmentation handling issues. To the best of our knowledge, this paper becomes a step forward for researchers interested in carving techniques by helping them finding the best algorithm for carving and obtaining any deleted data in cyberspace.

Recovering deleted files play an important role in a digital forensic investigation. When a file is deleted, only pointers that link file's metadata to its content are deleted and metadata entry is marked as deleted. As long as data is not overwritten or wiped, deleted data will remain in unallocated space. One of the methods that can be used to recover these deleted files is file carving. File carving reconstructs files only based on their content unlike traditional data recovery methods that use metadata that points to the content. It is mainly done using headers and footers of file types. One of the primary challenges in file carving is to recover deleted files that were fragmented. When a file is fragmented, carving only based on header and footer will produce corrupted file. So this paper discusses a method for carving fragmented document and image files from a FAT32 formatted USB drive.

In this paper, we propose an unsupervised two-stage algorithm to extract salient objects from images. In the first stage, the image is segmented into superpixels that are grouped together through k-means clustering, based on histogram features of superpixels. The saliency of each cluster is calculated using inter-cluster and intra-cluster feature dissimilarities. In the second stage, we use seam carving to obtain an object level segmentation of the image in the form of a bounding box around the salient object. We propose an automated approach for seam carving based on a novel energy function obtained by combining the saliency output with a texture removed input image. We compute the optimal number of seams to be removed to extract the salient object instead of manually providing it. The performance of the proposed method is demonstrated by processing different types of images.

Aiming at the huge market demand for automatic equipment to replace the manual jewelry processing, a multi-axis jewelry-making system is developed. This paper introduces the system with its hardware structure and software design. Then, carving spiral lines on the cylinder, sphere and ellipsoid are analyzed and realized on the jewelry-making CNC machine. Finally, four-axis interpolation algorithm is proposed for making spiral line on the ellipsoidal bead, and its interpolation precision is studied in the paper.

Ten years ago, to solve a problem while using an atomic force microscope for a quantum mechanics experiment, I came up with the idea of carving MEMS directly on the cleaved end of an optical fiber. Since then, that concept has evolved into a series of devices designed for the implementation of novel experiments in fundamental sciences and for the utilization in commercial applications. In my talk, I will review the most important results that my colleagues and I have obtained following this approach.

This paper proposes a software solution that provides an interface more akin to traditional artistry. A user will be able draw a simple two-dimensional sketch of a figure or object and convert it into a 3D object without having to rebuild the figure from scratch in a 3D development environment. Because such sketches are crude in nature, the newly created figure can be refined by carving details from it using a haptic device, much as a sculptor does with stone or clay. This paper details the problems in developing such a system, and how their solutions were addressed.

This paper reports a novel micro-fluidic platform for carving protein crystal with electrically driven high-speed mono-dispersed micro-bubble jet. This minimally invasive micro-processing method overcomes the difficulties of processing, holding and positioning fragile material such as protein crystal underwater. The combination of using electrically-induced micro-bubble knife and microfluidic channel provide effective carving of protein crystal by ablation crystal and draining of chips by free vortex flow in microchannel. Three-dimensional positioning of crystal was sufficiently achieved by the configuration of effective micro-fluidic channels. The protein crystal can be carved to the desired shape to fit to X-ray analysis effectively. It seemed that it has potential to contribute to more precise protein analysis

Traditional methods for image retargeting such as scaling and cropping cannot generate satisfactory results because of their neglect of the content of the image. In order to consider the content of the image, saliency detection for finding the regions of interest (ROIs) plays an important role in the process of retargeting an image. In this paper, we present a novel image retargeting method using bi-directional seam carving technique combining scaling. Guided by an important map based on a saliency map via absorbing Markov chain combining with gradient map, the proposed method can effectively protect the ROIs in the image when downsizing or enlarging an image. Extensive experiments demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method against the traditional methods and several other methods.

As digital imaging technology has improved and simple-to-use media sharing websites have appeared, the complexity of Halloween jack-o-lanterns being created has been increasing. In response to this trend, a team of faculty at Kansas State University teaching beginning design courses in Engineering Technology and Interior Architecture and Product Design has developed an interdisciplinary pumpkin design project. Students in Manhattan, Kansas and Salina, Kansas practice design skills in pumpkin carving using techniques such as information gathering, digital photography, and drawing by hand or using vector drawing software. Students completing this project must consider the fragility of the pumpkin material being carved while addressing the challenge of converting a two-dimensional design into a three-dimensional object. The exercise is continually improved and revised as participating faculty electronically share syllabi, rubrics, lesson plans, and finished carved pumpkin examples. Community engagement and service learning is a key component of this project. Partnerships with the zoos in both communities have been established. The students display their completed work, or publicly demonstrate their design and carving techniques at their respective zoos.

We present a saliency-aware volume resizing operation called surface carving, which intelligently removes contextual voxels while preserving important features. By iteratively applying surface carving in all directions, we can create a volume of the desired size. For large volume data sets, a multilevel banded method is introduced to gracefully overcome the memory limit and speed up volume resizing. We compare our technique with traditionally cropping and scaling approaches and demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our method with several volume data sets.

Surface texture is a key parameter in archaeological materials, where its study has been central to use-wear research, as well as in the understanding of manufacturing processes. Nowadays, 3D digital surface textures can be characterized from macroscale to nanoscale, using advanced metrology methods and techniques, and by means of 2D profile or 3D areal (non-)contact instruments, which span a wide range and resolution. In this paper, we describe an experiment based on the quantitative description of geometric surface texture patterns (i.e., the microtopography) from 3D scanned archaeological and experimental materials, in order to assess how objects were manufactured in the past. At the end, we aim to differentiate texture patterns; associate them with possible gestures, carving techniques, and used tools; and understand the technical procedure used by the craftsperson. The archaeological object of study is a large fragment of one of the stelae with carved horns on blocks of sandstone, late 4th millennium cal BC, discovered in 2008 in the Neolithic settlement in the Serra del Mas Bonet (Vilafant, Alt Emporda), Catalonia. Experimental replicas of this fragment's surface textures were made in blocks of sandstone coming from the same bedrock. The applied method consisted of using a 3D structured light scanner, with a submillimetre resolution, to capture the geometric surface texture of both prehistoric and experimental objects. Then, using surface roughness areal parameters, regulated by international standards, to describe quantitatively the texture patterns of a set of sampled areas. After that, comparisons were made, and a first conclusion is here presented.

Volume carving is a well-known technique for reconstructing a 3D scene from a set of 2D images, using features detected in individual cameras, and camera parameters. Spatial calibration of the cameras is well understood, but the resulting carved volume is very sensitive to temporal offsets between the cameras. Automatic synchronization between the cameras is therefore desirable. In this paper, we present a highly efficient implementation of volume carving and synchronization on a heterogeneous system fitted with commodity GPUs using an improved version of the algorithm in [1]. An online, real-time synchronization system is described and evaluated on surveillance video of an indoor scene. Improvements to the state of the art CPU-based algorithms are described.

In this paper, we consider the problem of reconstructing a 3D model from a set of pictures taken from calibrated and arbitrarily placed cameras. Our method is based on existing space carving algorithm which considers photo hull as the final result. Our goal is to solve the visibility problem during carving the visual hull. A new concept Discrete Viewing Edge (DVE) is proposed to represent the visual hull instead of a 3D array. DVE is based on voxels and is simple but effective. With models represented by DVEs, we present a surface extraction algorithm and a carve procedure, during which the visibility of a voxel can be determined rapidly and easily. Our way of determining the visibility of a voxel is global, i.e., we take all possible cameras to which this voxel is visible into account. We apply our method to a set of synthetic pictures and provide arbitrary views of target model which are different from existing cameras.

According to the research on the employment and carving out situation for students in specialities for producer services sector of some higher vocational colleges in Foshan, Guangzhou, discuss under the status quo in the environment of economic development mode transformation, and the Pearl River Delta integration context, from the sustainable development of individual students ability, social needs, to vocational training and other aspects of local economic development needs to research students employment and carving out strategies, thus to garantee the provide of labor for relevant industries and the development of local economic.

Fragment carving is one challenging problem in file carving. Firstly, image fragments carving framework is given. Then fragment contiguous weight algorithm is designed based on pixel similarity to determine the adjacent sequence among fragments. Image fragments carving algorithm is proposed in order to carve image fragment. Finally experimental results demonstrate that the image fragment carving algorithms can be used to determine the adjacent sequence among fragments, and carve original image.

File-carving, as part of the data recovery process, is a topic of great interest due to its potential to minimize cost- impact in business environments, where the losses are significant every year, according to public reports. Starting with a modified version of the signature database of TrID, a long-established file-identification utility, and implementing a multiple-pattern matching algorithm that extends the Aho-Corasick automaton, we propose an approach suitable for multi-core systems for performing carving using complex patterns, that describe filetypes more accurately, making it also suitable for digital forensics. The experimental results have shown that our approach performs better and identifies data with greater accuracy, with lower than 3% performance degradation in the processing bandwidth of the original approach.

Acquiring dynamic 3D fluid surfaces is a challenging problem in computer vision. Single or stereo camera based solutions are sensitive to refraction distortions, fast fluid motions, and calibration errors. In this paper, we present a multi-view based solution for robustly capturing fast evolving fluid wavefronts. We first construct a portable, 3×3 camera array system as the main acquisition device. We elaborately design the system to allow high-resolution and high-speed capture. To recover fluid surfaces, we place a known pattern beneath the surface and position the camera array on top to observe the pattern. By tracking the distorted feature points over time and across cameras, we obtain spatial-temporal correspondence maps and we use them for specular carving to reconstruct the time-varying surface. In case one of the cameras loses track due to distortions or blurs, we use the rest of the cameras to construct the surface and then apply multi-perspective warping to locate the lost-track feature points so that we can continue using the camera in later frames. Our experiments on synthetic and real data demonstrate that our multi-view framework is robust and reliable.

Many image retargeting algorithms, despite aesthetically carving images smaller, pay limited attention to image browsing tasks where tiny thumbnails are presented. When applying traditional retargeting methods for generating thumbnails, several important issues frequently arise, including thumbnail scales, object completeness and local structure smoothness. To address these issues, we propose a novel image retargeting algorithm, Scale and Object Aware Retargeting (SOAR), which has four components: (1) a scale dependent saliency map to integrate size information of thumbnails, (2) objectness (Alexe et al. 2010) for preserving object completeness, (3) a cyclic seam carving algorithm to guide continuous retarget warping, and (4) a thin-plate-spline (TPS) retarget warping algorithm that champions local structure smoothness. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is evaluated both quantitatively and qualitatively. The quantitative evaluation is conducted through an image browsing user study to measure the effectiveness of different thumbnail generating algorithms, followed by the ANOVA analysis. The qualitative study is performed on the RetargetMe benchmark dataset. In both studies, SOAR generates very promising performance, in comparison with state-of-the-art retargeting algorithms.

The benefits of using appropriate assistive technology (AT) have been widely recognized. In the developed world, AT is recommended by a well established network of health professionals. It is reasonable to suggest that medical insurance coverage for AT has been an important promoter of the ever-increasing availability of these devices. In less developed countries, AT is almost nonexistent due in part to the lack of private and government insurance coverage for these devices. This scarcity of AT affects individuals with disabilities of all ages, particularly children with developmental disabilities. For this group, lack of AT can result in severe muscular skeletal deformities that could have been prevented if the appropriate AT, like contoured seating systems, had been available to them. Although the benefits of contoured seating have been widely reported, acquiring contoured seats in less developed nations is very difficult, if at all possible. The aim of this project was to identify local materials and design and develop the tools and equipment needed to manually fabricate contoured seating systems. This project describes the selection process of commercially available foams to be used in the carving of contoured seating systems, together with the development of a manual foam carving machine. Results show that the carving machine and the commercially available foams can be used to manually fabricate contoured seating systems that provide proper support and comfort to children with disabilities.

"Cho-Shi" is one form of Japanese carving art. It is a technique that uses a composition of papers of different colors with a certain thickness to carve, and produce concave and convex shapes while expressing colors. This form of art makes a two dimensional picture take a three-dimensional structure, giving an experience which is different from the traditional picture. However, because "Cho-Shi" has a complex structure, and its production steps are complicated, it requires producer to have some knowledge of art and time. The authors proposed a computer-aided "Cho-Shi" system, which outputs paper layers and mask for carving, according to images [1]. This greatly simplifies the complexity of carving and shortens the carving time. This paper extends the method to generate animation. Moreover, Chinese traditional hand-made paper textures are applied for the animation to express a novel form and this paper tries to fuse Japanese and Chinese art works, essentially, it tries to fuse old and new styles of media.