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Your search keyword '"Ferrari, Paolo"' showing total 189 results
Start Over Author "Ferrari, Paolo" Publisher ieee
189 results on '"Ferrari, Paolo"'

23. Adding Redundancy to LoRaWAN for Emergency Communications at the Factory Floor.

Author

Sisinni, Emiliano, Carvalho, Dhiego Fernandes, Ferrari, Paolo, Flammini, Alessandra, and Gidlund, Mikael

Abstract

Wireless communications may be the key solution to satisfy mobility, flexibility, and scalability requirements of the Internet of Things. Particularly, the low power wide area networks, operating in unlicensed bands, are promising because they permit both private and public backends. Unfortunately, their target applications are situations where sporadic transmissions are tolerated. They could not fit scenarios in which high reliability and short round trip time are required. In this article, the LoRaWAN solution is considered for managing emergency and alarm communications. Reliability and timeliness limits have been overcome by jointly using a message replication scheme with variable payload length together with low-cost repeaters. Experiments have been carried out in both fixed and low-speed mobility scenarios (with an interfering traffic of 95 message/h, generated by regular LoRaWAN colocated network). Results, in the former case, show that the success probability of confirmed messages is 100%, the 99.6% of the available data are delivered to the backend, and the average delay decreases by 150 ms. When mobility is considered (e.g., for an automatic guided vehicle use case) results confirm significant improvements for both the transaction success ratio and the data extraction rate that significantly increase up to 95% and 87%, respectively. On the contrary, the overall average delay is not always reduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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43. Artificial Neural Network-Based Stealth Attack on Battery Energy Storage Systems.

Author

Pasetti, Marco, Ferrari, Paolo, Bellagente, Paolo, Sisinni, Emiliano, de Sa, Alan Oliveira, Prado, Charles B. do, David, Rodrigo P., and Machado, Raphael Carlos Santos

Abstract

As the number of installed Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESSs) increases, the concerns related to possible cyber-attacks to these systems rise accordingly. The most of BESS owners knows their systems may be vulnerable, but they often consider only denial of service attacks in their risk assessment. Unfortunately, other, subtler and more dangerous attacks exist. In this paper we show that a stealth attack to BESSs can be performed by applying a Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) approach. The aim of the attack is to stealthily manage the physical system by hiding the actual behavior of the system to its supervisory controller. In this case the attacker would be able to: (i) degrade the BESS by reducing its expected lifetime, (ii) produce economic losses for the prosumer, and (iii) affect the security and stability of the grid. The feasibility of the attack is demonstrated by providing an example of a stealth MitM attack on a real BESS coupled with a photovoltaic power plant. The proposed case study demonstrates that such attack can be performed without being discovered by end-users and shows that its effects can be severe. Finally, possible strategies to avoid or detect such kind of attack are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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44. Improving Redundancy in LoRaWAN for Mixed-Criticality Scenarios.

Author

Carvalho, Dhiego Fernandes, Ferrari, Paolo, Sisinni, Emiliano, and Flammini, Alessandra

Abstract

Most Internet of Things applications rely on wireless communication, which ensures flexibility and scalability. However, an increasing number of these applications have real-time constraints and require mixed-criticality. Indeed, the complexity of distributed systems necessarily calls for data exchanges with different priorities and different failure handling. The design of a reliable protocol supporting different traffic priorities must take into account external interferences that can inevitably affect radio links. This article focuses on LoRaWAN, the currently most famous example of low power wide area network technology. In particular, redundant transmissions offered by the proposed LoRa-REP strategy enhance the communication resilience of sporadic critical message transaction (consisting of message uplink and acknowledgment downlink). The implementation by means of “virtual nodes” assures compatibility with legacy deployments (preserving investments) and offers easy scalability. Experimental results obtained with purposely designed test bench confirm the advantages of the proposed solution in a real-world scenario. Notably, the failure probability of a critical transaction drops from 78% of single spreading factor scenario to less than 2.5% with the proposed LoRa-REP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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45. Model-Based Stealth Attack to Networked Control System Based on Real-Time Ethernet.

Author

Ferrari, Paolo, Sisinni, Emiliano, Bellagente, Paolo, Rinaldi, Stefano, Pasetti, Marco, de Sa, Alan Oliveira, Machado, Raphael C. S., Carmo, Luiz F. R. da C., and Casimiro, Antonio

Subjects
*ETHERNET, *INDUSTRIAL controls manufacturing, *INDUSTRY 4.0, *INFORMATION technology
Abstract

In this article, industrial control systems include networked control systems (NCS), which use real-time Ethernet (RTE) protocols since many years, well before the time sensitive networking initiative debut. Today, ethernet-based control systems are used all across Industry 4.0, including in critical applications, allowing for straight integration with information technology layers. Even if it is known that current RTE protocols do not have strong authentication or ciphering options, it is still very challenging to perform undetected cyber-attacks to these protocols while the NSC is in operation, in particular because such attacks must comply with very strict and small temporal constraints. In this article, a model-based attack is proposed for service degradation of NCS. The attack is carried out in real-time and it can remain undetected for the entire plant life. The attack can be applied to any RTE protocols and, without loss of generality, a detailed analysis of stealth techniques is provided for a specific real use case based on PROFINET. The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed attack and its high effectiveness. The article also points out some possible future investigation directions in order to mitigate the attack. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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46. Energy Efficiency of Slotted LoRaWAN Communication With Out-of-Band Synchronization.

Author

Beltramelli, Luca, Mahmood, Aamir, Osterberg, Patrik, Gidlund, Mikael, Ferrari, Paolo, and Sisinni, Emiliano

Subjects
ENERGY consumption, SYNCHRONIZATION, SMART meters, WIRELESS communications, ACCESS control
Abstract

Although the idea of using wireless links for covering large areas is not new, the advent of low-power wide-area networks (LPWANs) has recently started by changing the game. Simple, robust, and narrowband modulation schemes permit the implementation of low-cost radio devices offering high receiver sensitivity, thus improving the overall link budget. The several technologies belonging to the LPWAN family, including the well-known LoRaWAN solution, provide a cost-effective answer to many Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications, requiring wireless communication capable of supporting large networks of many devices (e.g., smart metering). Generally, the adopted medium access control (MAC) strategy is based on pure ALOHA, which, among other things, allows to minimize the traffic overhead under constrained duty-cycle limitations of the unlicensed bands. Unfortunately, ALOHA suffers from poor scalability, rapidly collapsing in dense networks. This work investigates the design of an improved LoRaWAN MAC scheme based on slotted ALOHA. In particular, the required time dissemination is provided by out-of-band communications leveraging on FM-radio data system (FM-RDS) broadcasting, which natively covers wide areas both indoor and outdoor. An experimental setup based on low-cost hardware is used to characterize the obtainable synchronization performance and derive a timing error model. Consequently, improvements in success probability and energy efficiency have been validated by means of simulations in very large networks with up to 10 000 nodes. It is shown that the advantage of the proposed scheme over conventional LoRaWAN communication is up to 100% when short update time and large payload are required. Similar results are obtained regarding the energy efficiency improvement that is close to 100% for relatively short transmission intervals and long message duration; however, due to the additional overhead for listening to the time dissemination messages, efficiency gain can be negative for very short duration of message fastly repeating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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