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Container-based virtualization simplifies the deployment of applications and will have a significant impact on the future of data center networks. In an NFV infrastructure, it is required to dynamically extend/reduce resources granted to the virtual network function (VNF) as needed. In this paper, we explored SDN technology to construct lightweight virtual networks between Linux containers in dynamic container placement to isolate tenant traffic. We used an SDN controller to distribute logical endpoint information to physical switches before the host physical location was determined for the container. And we used physical switch functions to promptly configure virtual networks between containers when a container was dynamically placed on a host and started in a split second. We also actively probed the container and automatically removed the virtual network when the container stopped. By using our prototype, virtual networks were automatically constructed with no interaction with the SDN controller as soon as 500 of the containers were started.

Big data analysis and a data storing applications require a huge volume of storage and a high I/O performance. Applications can achieve high levels of performance and cost efficiency by exploiting the high I/O performances of direct attached storages (DAS) such as internal HDDs. With the size of stored data ever increasing, it will be difficult to replace servers since internal HDDs contain huge amounts of data. In response to this issue, we propose FlexDAS, which improves the flexibility of direct attached storage by using a disk area network (DAN) without degrading the I/O performance. We developed a prototype FlexDAS switch and quantitatively evaluated the architecture. Results show that the FlexDAS switch can disconnect and connect the HDD to the server in just 1.16 seconds. The I/O performances of the disks connected via the FlexDAS switch were almost the same as the conventional DAS architecture.

In an infrastructure as a service (IaaS) cloud service, service providers are required for providing a logical network per tenant. A VLAN has been generally used as an approach for providing logical network. However, in the VLAN approach, there is a lack of scalability. Moreover, if mission-critical applications run on a cloud system, it is important for service providers to provide the availability for cloud service. Therefore, in a cloud environment network, bandwidth control is needed to prevent the traffic of multiple tenants from interfering with each other. Also, route redundancy is required for protection against network failure.

Photosensitive polyimide has potential applications for interlayer insulation, alpha-ray shielding, and buffer coating of IC and LSI devices because it offers reduction in processing time. There are two main methods used to photosensitize polyimide. One is based on ion bonding and the other on covalent bonding between polyamic acid and photosensitive groups. The sensitivity, resolution, and mechanical properties such as tensile strength, elongation, and adhesion strength of the photosensitive polyimides have been investigated. The studies indicate that the covalent-bonding type is better than the ion-bonding type in terms of optical properties; the physical properties of the ion-bonding type, however, are much better. In terms of the physical properties conventional nonphotosensitive polyimides still have superior properties compared to photosensitive polyimides. >

The photochemical etching (PCE) behavior of InGaAs in HBr gas has been characterized by studying the temperature dependence of etch rate, etched surface observation and analysis with SEM, AFM, XPS and AES. At room temperature, the etching is hampered by the formation of arsenic compounds and liquid phase etch products at the surface. At temperatures between 50/spl deg/C to 100/spl deg/C, the etch rate increase with temperature linearly. In this region, the surface is smooth and fine. At temperatures above 100/spl deg/C, the etching rate decreases and surface becomes grainy and rough. XPS and AES analysis suggest that oxide formation at the surface during etching in this temperature range slows down the etch rate. Schottky diodes were fabricated to compare the electrical properties of the diodes after PCE and the commonly used wet etching. The diode fabricated by PCE was superior in terms of less leakage current, smaller n factor and higher barrier height. This improvement in Schottky diode performance was found to be due to superior surface quality after PCE compared to wet etching.

We categorize broadband multimedia services and typical access networks, and describe the service coverage of each access network. According to our analysis, we claim that ATM-based access networks are suitable for use in the future information infrastructures. The ATM-based access network is evaluated by its multicast function using near-video-on-demand and CATV service simulations. >

HBr and H/sub 2/S gases were used together with a 172 nm excimer lamp and a deep UV-lamp for photochemical etching and surface passivation of the InGaAs/InAlAs material system. Schottky diodes were fabricated on n-In/sub 0.52/Al/sub 0.48/As by electron beam evaporation of Mo/Ti/Pt/Au with the consequent alloying. AES and XPS measurements of the passivated InAlAs surface reveal that the photochemically generated S*-radicals are capable of removing In-O and As-O bonds from the surface and replacing them with In-S and As-S bonds. The reverse bias leakage current of the surface passivated diodes were reduced by 3 orders of magnitude compared to diodes with an unpassivated surface. We obtained an effective barrier height of 0.79 eV and an ideality factor of 1.03, for the fabricated diodes after surface passivation.

We have developed a Diffserv emulation scheme over ATM access networks. Diffserv over ATM requires some extension for conventional routers. The routers must map their Diffserv classes of services into ATM QoS classes and forward IP packets into prioritized VCs based on DSCP (DiffServ code point). The purpose of this work is to provide conventional IP over ATM interfaces between IP and ATM clouds. We propose DSCP snooping at ATM edge nodes, which differentiates service over a single VC between two IP domains. A prototype circuit was used to evaluate this scheme.