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This paper presents the packet-scale paradigm for designing end-to-end congestion control protocols for ultra-high speed networks. The paradigm discards the legacy framework of RTT-scale protocols, and instead builds upon two revolutionary foundations-that of continually probing for available bandwidth at short timescales, and that of adapting the data sending rate so as to avoid overloading the network. Through experimental evaluations with a prototype, we report high performance gains along several dimensions in high-speed networks-the steady-state throughput, adaptability to dynamic cross-traffic, RTT-fairness, and co-existence with the conventional TCP traffic mixes. The paradigm also opens up several issues that are less of a concern for traditional protocols-we summarize our approaches for addressing these. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Described by his peers as the father of Australian robotics, Raymond (Ray) Jarvis is internationally renowned for his scientific contributions to computer vision, intelligent robotics, and path planning. His work has found broad application in the sciences as well as in industry and society. Along with pursuing his academic career, Jarvis spent a significant amount of effort building up Australian institutions for supporting computer science and robotics research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Miomir Vukobratovi? is renowned in the robotics community for his pioneering contributions to both theoretical and applied robotics, particularly in the areas of biped locomotion, anthropomorphic mechanisms, and dynamic robot control. He spent most of his career as the director of the Robotics Laboratory at the Mihajlo Pupin Institute (MPI) in Belgrade. Vukobratovi? not only gave the scientific community many ideas that were quite ahead of his time, but he also bridged the East and the West during the Cold War era through his collaborative efforts in the United States, USSR (now Russia), and Japan. Vukobratovi? also figured in the careers of many robotics researchers as an educational inspiration, both through his personal contacts and his widely read series of books on robotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

John McCarthy is best known as one of the founding fathers of artificial intelligence (AI), a term he coined in 1955, and much has been written about his pioneering work in computer and cognitive science (Figure 1). Less attention has been given to McCarthy's efforts related to robotics, though his AI research instigated and influenced development in the field. As the founder of the Stanford-AI Lab (SAIL) and its director from 1965 to 1980, McCarthy participated in research on computer vision, speech recognition, and planning in robotics, collaborated with innovators such as Bernie Roth and Vic Scheinman to develop some of the first robot arms, and advised 30 students, a number of whom have gone on to become leaders in robotics and AI. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

George Charles Devol, Jr., opened his first manufacturing company when he was just 19 years old, in the depths of the Great Depression. It was the first step in a lifelong commitment to transforming factory efficiency and safety. With his revolutionary concept of universal automationUnimation he cofounded the first and largest robotics company in the world. He held 36 patents, including the first industrial robot. Sadly, he passed away in August 2011 at the age of 99. Earlier that year, he agreed to this, his final interview. He was robust, living independently in his own home, and driving his own car; his recall of his career and life was complete and precise. He generously gave access to his private photo and document archive, and the photographs included here are his. All visualizations of patent data are based on information gathered from U.S. Patent and Trade Office records and Google Patents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]