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Ursino is one of the exceptional authors and researchers who described distinct regulatory mechanisms which control the haemodynamic variables during hypoxia. Obstacles we faced with Ursino are several incomplete implementations of mathematical models, which necessitate combining more than one of his researches. Combining partitions of such researches using different software (MATLAB/SIMULINK) other than what Ursino did use (SIMNON), grant the lead to more polished performance. SIMULINK software is much faster, easier to use, outputs more accurate and fine-tuned signals, with the ability to analyze any output at real-time simulation. Moreover, the implementation of Ursino’s work lacks controlling the overall system, which can be settled using Model Predictive Controller (MPC). This latter is a Multi-Input/Multi-Output (MIMO) controller that carries several outputs of the implemented model and referenced data, giving birth to numerous signals as stimuli for plant-parts of the system. Results show how MPC controller is ruling the thresholds of the sympathetic efferent activities to the heart and vessels, driving them to regulate arterial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in blood to its initial normal range.

This work is a step forward to develop, design and manufacturing of 100-watt enoscopic LED light sources for the sponsor of this work endoscopic German manufacturer and supplier “Ingenious Medical”. The Greek prefix “endo” means “within, inside”. Endoscopes are scopes to view inside. More precisely, medical endoscopes are devices used to view internal human body organs and cavities to diagnose or perform a surgery. This needs optimum control of light intensity to provide comfortable surgeon's view during surgery. There are three major categories of light sources used in endoscopy: LED, halogen and xenon. Based on its benefits, LED light sources dominate in surgical theatres. In our work, 100-watt endoscopic LED light source MATLAB/Simulink model has been developed and tested virtually. Our 100-watt LED power supplier and controller MATLAB/Simulink model consists of: AC-DC medical SMPS converter with an input “AC – 220V/0.45A” & an output “DC – 12V/8.3A”, DC-DC buck converter with an input “DC – 12V/8.3A” & an output “DC – 3.6V/1-28A”, voltage and current control units (LED's light intensity regulator), thermally controlled silent Fan (LED's thermal management), and 100-watt LED. The model has been simulated and the results are recorded. The role behind the simulation of this model is to develop a real physical 100-watt LED light source with optimum design and best control for the German Ingenious Medical Company. Based on the simulation's results, the second step will be the application of learned experience to make real electronic boards to start the long process of manufacturing. Thus, this work stresses the importance of computational model in the design and manufacturing process of safe and reliable medical devices.

Medical Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) insufflator is used in a minimally invasive surgery creating abdominal cavity to provide surgeons with a direct view of internal organs. In our previous work, MATLAB/SIMULINK medical CO 2 insufflator has been developed with only abdominal cavity's pressure via a Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller. This work permits the simultaneous control of three parameters pressure, flow and temperature through a PID controller. Then, a Model Predictive Controller (MPC) has been implemented to enhance the precision, accuracy, and the response time of the system. The results are promising due to the efficiency of MPC controller in multi-input/multi-output system over PID controller. In the future work, high flow CO 2 insufflator will be developed.