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This paper proposes the multi-material topology optimization for the simultaneous design of segmented permanent magnet (PM) arrays, coil, and iron materials in magnetic actuators. Specifically, the proposed approach can find the optimal layout and shape of PM, coil, and iron materials, as well as the optimal border and magnetization direction of segmented PM arrays. For designing the layout and shape of actuator components, the discrete material optimization-type material interpolation scheme is employed in this paper. To attain the design of segmented PM arrays, an orientation design variable in Cartesian coordinate is utilized with the penalization scheme for the discrete PM magnetization directions. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed actuator design approach, two numerical examples are presented. In the examples, the actuator components (i.e., segmented PM arrays, coil winding, and back iron) are designed aiming for maximizing the magnetic force magnitude acting on the actuator plunger. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A service-oriented approach that com- bines feature-oriented analysis with a self- managing quality-of-service framework addresses the challenges associated with dynamic software product lines. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper presents an efficient depth map coding method based on a newly defined rendering view distortion function. As compared to the conventional depth map coding in which distortion is measured by only investigating the coding error in depth map, the proposed scheme focuses on virtually synthesized view quality by involving co-located color information. In detail, the proposed distortion function estimates rendered view quality, where area-based scheme is provided in order to mimic the warping/view-rendering process accurately. Moreover, the coding performance of the proposed distortion metric is even improved by involving the additional SKIP mode derived by co-located color coding information. The simulation results show the proposed scheme could achieve approximately 30% bit-rate saving for depth data, and about 10% bit-rate saving for overall multi-view data. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]