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4. Simulation of Cathode-Spot on Hydrogen Titanium Cathode with Various Impregnation Degree

Author

Wang Lijun, Li Jiagang, Zhang Xiao, and Zhang Zhefeng

Subjects
Materials science, Number density, Hydrogen, Diffusion, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Electron, Cathode, Ion, law.invention, chemistry, law, Current density, Titanium
Abstract

In this paper, the formation process of single cathode spot on hydrogen titanium cathode is simulated. The influence of impregnation degree α(H content per metal atom) on the formation and development of craters was studied by the control variable method. In this model, hydrogen diffusion in the cathode is calculated, and the deformation of cathode metal is simulated by hydrodynamic model. The components considered in the model include electrons, titanium atoms, H atoms, Ti ions (Ti+, Ti2+ and Ti3+) and H+ ions. The simulation results show that the impregnation degree has a great effect on the cathode spot process. The average charge state on the pure titanium cathode is larger, while the total ion number density on the hydrogen titanium cathode is larger because of the extra hydrogen ions. Low impregnation hydrogen (impregnation degree less than 1) can reduce the surface temperature and ablation of the cathode. With the increase of impregnation degree, the proportion of titanium ions in the plasma cloud decreases gradually, resulting in the decrease of the total energy current density and the decrease of the radius and depth of cathode spots. The simulation results are broadly consistent with the work of other researchers.

Published
2021

6. Model of Cathode Spots Crater Formation and Deuterium Desorption Process on Zirconium Deuterium Electrode.

Author

Wang, Lijun, Zhang, Xiao, Li, Jiagang, Luo, Ming, and Shmelev, D. L.

Subjects
DEUTERIUM, DEUTERIUM ions, FLUX (Energy), CATHODES, ZIRCONIUM, LIQUID metals
Abstract

In this article, the model including cathode spot process and deuterium desorption process on zirconium deuterium cathode is developed. Five kinds of particle fluxes on cathode surface and three mechanisms affecting deuterium diffusion in cathode are considered. The model not only describes the deformation of cathode metal, but also describes the variation of deuterium concentration with time. On pure zirconium cathode, the mean charge state is larger but on zirconium deuterium cathode, the total ion number density is larger since there are additional deuterium ions, and simulation results show the discharge currents are very close on the two cathodes, the energy flux density on ZrD0.66 cathode is larger so cathode spot crater develops faster on ZrD0.66 cathode. Ablation rates caused by different mechanisms are calculated and the results show in cathode spot development process, mass loss caused by evaporation is ignored, most of the liquid metal will resolidify on cathode surface, and droplets are the main reason for cathode ablation. The ablation rates due to the ejection of droplets are close to experimental results. The ratios of deuterium ion from different mechanisms in this process are also calculated and it is 93.5% in simulation. Simulation results are in agreement with the other researchers’ works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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