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Summary form only given. Transport of parallel momentum during reconnection events has been investigated in the Madison Symmetric Torus reversed field pinch (MST RFP). The events are characterized by a sudden increase of resistive tearing magnetic fluctuations and change in the plasma rotation. The parallel plasma velocity abruptly decreases in the core and speeds up in the edge which results in the flattening of the parallel momentum profile. The parallel velocity in the core is reconstructed from the poloidal velocity of bulk plasma measured with the Rutherford scattering diagnostic and the toroidal phase velocity of the core resonant resistive tearing modes measured with an edge array of magnetic pickup coils. The edge flow is measured by the Mach probe. The transport of parallel momentum can be understood within the framework of two-fluid turbulent relaxation theory and from detailed MHD calculations of fluctuation induced Maxwell and Reynolds stresses resulting from multiple tearing modes. Previous measurements show the Maxwell stress to be a factor of ten larger than either the inertial or the viscous terms in the momentum balance equation both in the edge and in the core. Recently, measurements of the Reynolds stress have been performed in the edge plasma of MST. The Reynolds stress is shown to balance the Maxwell stress and the difference of the two stresses is approximately equal to the rate of change of plasma momentum. Reduction of magnetic fluctuations, achieved by an inductive control of the plasma current profile, results in a significant decrease of the momentum transport in agreement with previously observed reduction of particle and energy transport. This was established by transiently applying an external torque to the plasma edge with biased electrodes. Application of the edge torque during improved confinement induces a fast edge rotation, but the change in the core rotation remains small, which is an indication of a reduced inward momentum transport.

This study addresses some behavioral issues encountered by cross-functional teams within the context of the concurrent engineering approach to new product development. The conclusions are based on results from a three-year study supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation and the Air Force Manufacturing Technology Directorate (Man Tech). The research team started from the premise that product development costs might increase if the cross-functional teams utilized in concurrent engineering did not interact effectively. Based on previous cases, four major issues were identified for further study: (1) What is the nature of the relationship between the cross- functional teams and the functional managers in a concurrent engineering environment? (2) How does one effectively lead a cross- functional product development team? (3) How can one effectively motivate members of the cross-functional teams? (4) How can employees be trained to become effective cross-functional team participants? Three major companies, representing three different industries— automotive, airframe, and airborne electronics—agreed to serve as industrial partners in this study. Company employees were interviewed and provided insight into how the product development process worked in their companies, both before and after the adoption of concurrent engineering.

The process of selecting TAB Outer Lead Banding (OLB) equipment is similar to that for selecting standard surface mount (SM) pick-and-place equipment; however, the options am more limited because TAB equipment has not yet reached the same, level of maturity. TAB equipment is seen by many as simply a logical extension to the fine pitch placement equipment on the market today because it provides a way of assembling even finer pitch components to the printed circuit board. However, in comparison to SMT processes, TAB technology is still in its relative infancy. There are fewer vendors and the opportunities to tailor the equipment selection to the expected volume and desired level of automation and capital investment is much more limited. In addition, a TAB OLB machine must perform functions that are not required of a conventional pick-and-place machine. The development process is correspondingly more complex because the equipment and the assembly process am tightly linked. Both vendors and users are beginning a now learning curve for OLB machines and their associated processes. This article will deal with the four basic functions of an OLB machine, outlining various technologies and equipment sets available for outer lead bonding, and a suggested methodology for selecting the optimum OLB equipment.

A laboratory test fixture for nonrigid payloads is described which allows payload arrangements to undergo the simultaneous spinning and coning motions experienced by a projectile in flight. The fixture enables the destabilizing phenomena associated with the nonrigid payload to be created in a controlled laboratory environment where special instrumentation can measure the physical effects of interest. The results are used to evaluate the potential destabilizing influence of the payload and to support the evolution and validation of theoretical analyses describing the associated fluid dynamics situation. The author describes the operational aspects of the fixture and reviews several research and development projects for which it has been used. Engineering design aspects of the XM761 and M825 smoke screening projectiles are described. In addition, the role played by the fixture in evolving a general theory for homogeneous viscous liquid fills is reviewed. Studies associated with payloads composed of viscoelastic fluids and other unconventional compositions are addressed including methods of reducing or eliminating the problem. >

External rotation of the femoral component has been suggested as a means of improving patellar tracking in total knee arthroplasty (TKA), but this procedure may also affect the tibiofemoral joint. TKA was performed on five cadaveric knee specimens. Each specimen was tested with femoral component external rotations of 0.0/spl deg/, 2.5/spl deg/ and 5.0/spl deg/, and 6 DOF kinematics were measured. In three of the specimens, the tibial external rotation angle increased with femoral component rotation. The magnitude of the change was always less than the magnitude of the femoral rotation. Soft tissue constraints appear to override kinematic constraints imposed by femoral component rotation.

Instruments developed for safeguards in the domestic nuclear industry to nondestructively assay nuclear materials are being used in unattended and remote monitoring applications. In large facilities, such instruments can be combined with more classical surveillance methods. The effective implementation of such systems involves the integration of physics knowledge and measurement experience, detectors and their supporting electronics, and computers and their software. Los Alamos has been involved in three types of applications: radiation triggers for video surveillance; unattended assay of materials moving in automated fabrication and process plants; and monitoring radiation signatures to verify the movement of irradiated and unirradiated nuclear material. >