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Magnetic shape memory alloys (MSMAs) are a kind of smart materials which are of great importance due to some unmatched behaviors when subjected to a mechanical loading or a magnetic field. In this work, energy harvesting from an MSMA specimen is studied. The MSMA specimen is embedded in a common magnetic circuit in this field of research and by applying mechanical loading, its effect on the specimen magnetic characteristics and induced voltage is investigated. Mechanical loading is applied in the form of strain-input and three kinds of 2D loadings are used including sinusoidal-sinusoidal, sinusoidal-triangular and triangular-triangular. It is demonstrated that the highest voltage is obtained in sinusoidal-sinusoidal loading and there is a negative correlation between the phase difference of the applied loadings in two directions and output voltage.

Wearable system is a proper solution for rehabilitation and instrumentation applications for human daily activities. Recently, several researches are concentrated on this technology significantly because of new progress in sensors and fusion sensors. In the near future, wearable and ambulatory devices will be used considerably in biomedical applications. In this study, we reviewed some methods about wearable measuring system then introduced and designed innovative wearable clothing for this purpose. Some specifications and advantages of our system in comparison with relevant researches are; using painted sensors that are manufactured through nano electro active polymer technology, low weight, low price, applicable for daily activity, three dimensional detection of human body movements and noninvasive. We utilized textile sensor to measure the trunk movements in three dimensions. Twenty textile sensors were attached on the clothing in this version of system. In addition to wearable system, clothing was prepared in order to determine the positions of textile sensors on the body. Furthermore, an electronic board is developed for data acquisition and transfer data to computer real-time. Finally, the wearable clothing for ambulatory purposes was manufactured and also different methods for the system calibration have been presented.

We proposed a model to investigate the transient diffusion of drug (sulphate) into the intervertebral disc. Using finite element method, drug diffusion was simulated and the concentration of diffused drug in each region of disc including Nucleus pulpous (NP), Inner annulus fibroses (IA), and Outer annulus fibroses (OA) was measured. In addition, to investigate the role of CEP permeability on the amount of diffused drug, model was simulated with different cartilage endplate (CEP) permeability. Having obtained concentration distribution for different cases, it was clearly shown that the amount of diffused drug is affected by the endplate permeability and the more permeable CEP, the more diffused drug into the disc specifically at the center of the disc. © 2011 IEEE.