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18. Calibration of Indoor UWB Sub-band Divided Ray Tracing Using Multiobjective Simulated Annealing

Author

UCL - SST/ICTM/ELEN - Pôle en ingénierie électrique, Gan, Mingming, Meissner, Paul, Mani, Francesco, Leitinger, Erik, Fröhle, Markus, Oestges, Claude, UCL - SST/ICTM/ELEN - Pôle en ingénierie électrique, Gan, Mingming, Meissner, Paul, Mani, Francesco, Leitinger, Erik, Fröhle, Markus, and Oestges, Claude

Abstract

Sub-band divided ray tracing (RT) has been widely used to reproduce as reliably as possible the ultra-wideband (UWB) radio wave propagation channel in realistic indoor envi- ronments. However, its accuracy is strictly limited by the available description of the environment. Moreover, its computational complexity scales with the number of selected subbands and the number of propagation paths. In the present work, our RT tool considers not only deterministic propagation paths but also dif- fuse scattering components. Based on a low-complexity sub-band divided RT implementation, we propose a calibration method for indoor UWB sub-band divided RT. The method estimates the optimal material parameters, including the dielectric parameters and the scattering parameters, using channel measurements and multiobjective simulated annealing (MOSA). This calibration can improve the accuracy of sub-band divided RT in terms of the power delay profile (PDP) and the root mean square (RMS) delay spread for all test locations including those not considered by the calibration. A measurement campaign is used to verify the calibration technique.

Published
2014

19. Low-complexity sub-band divided ray tracing for UWB indoor channels

Author

UCL - SST/ICTM/ELEN - Pôle en ingénierie électrique, Gan, Mingming, Meissner, Paul, Mani, Francesco, Leitinger, Erik, Fröhle, Markus, Oestges, Claude, 2014 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), UCL - SST/ICTM/ELEN - Pôle en ingénierie électrique, Gan, Mingming, Meissner, Paul, Mani, Francesco, Leitinger, Erik, Fröhle, Markus, Oestges, Claude, and 2014 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC)

Abstract

Ray tracing has been extensively used to simulate indoor channel characteristics. For an ultra-wideband system, the channel characteristics vary significantly over the entire bandwidth. To cope with this, sub-band divided RT has been proposed by dividing the frequency of interest into multiple subbands and superposing the RT results at the individual center frequency of each subband. Thus, the computational complexity is directly proportional to the number of subbands. In this paper, we propose a mathematical method to significantly reduce the computational complexity of the sub-band divided RT, making it almost independent of the number of subbands. It is important to note that, based on our approach, not only the determination of the rays reaching a give location is made only once, but also the electromagnetic calculation of the received signal is not needed to perform repeatedly. The accuracy of low-complexity subband divided RT algorithm is verified through a measurement campaign.

Published
2014

28. Hybrid Model for Reverberant Indoor Radio Channels Using Rays and Graphs.

Author

Steinbock, Gerhard, Gan, Mingming, Meissner, Paul, Leitinger, Erik, Witrisal, Klaus, Zemen, Thomas, and Pedersen, Troels

Subjects
INDOOR radio, RAY tracing, INDOOR communications (Telecommunication), IMPULSE response, SIGNAL processing
Abstract

Ray tracing tools allow for deterministic simulation of the channel impulse response. Studies show that these tools work well when the impulse response consists only of a few distinct components. However, measurements of the channel impulse response in indoor environments reveal a diffuse tail. This diffuse tail is difficult to include in ray tracing due to the computational complexity. We propose a hybrid model to include deterministic components and the diffuse tail by combining ray tracing with a propagation graph. The recursive structure of the propagation graph allows for a computationally efficient calculation of the channel transfer function considering infinitely many components. We use ray tracing and the theory of room electromagnetics to obtain the parameter settings for the propagation graph. Thus, the proposed hybrid model does not require new or additional parameters in comparison to ray tracing. Simulation results show good agreement with measurements with respect to the inclusion of the diffuse tail in both the delay power spectrum and the azimuth-delay power spectrum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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29. High-Accuracy Localization for Assisted Living: 5G systems will turn multipath channels from foe to friend.

Author

Witrisal, Klaus, Meissner, Paul, Leitinger, Erik, Shen, Yuan, Gustafson, Carl, Tufvesson, Fredrik, Haneda, Katsuyuki, Dardari, Davide, Molisch, Andreas F., Conti, Andrea, and Win, Moe Z.

Abstract

Asisted living (AL) technologies, enabled by technical advances such as the advent of the Internet of Things, are increasingly gaining importance in our aging society. This article discusses the potential of future high-accuracy localization systems as a key component of AL applications. Accurate location information can be tremendously useful to realize, e.g., behavioral monitoring, fall detection, and real-time assistance. Such services are expected to provide older adults and people with disabilities with more independence and thus to reduce the cost of caretaking. Total cost of ownership and ease of installation are paramount to make sensor systems for AL viable. In case of a radio-based indoor localization system, this implies that a conventional solution is unlikely to gain widespread adoption because of its requirement to install multiple fixed nodes (anchors) in each room. This article therefore places its focus on 1) discussing radiolocalization methods that reduce the required infrastructure by exploiting information from reflected multipath components (MPCs) and 2) showing that knowledge about the propagation environment enables localization with high accuracy and robustness. It is demonstrated that new millimeter-wave (mm-wave) technology, under investigation for 5G communications systems, will be able to provide centimeter (cm)-accuracy indoor localization in a robust manner, ideally suited for AL. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
2016
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38. Evaluation of Position-Related Information in Multipath Components for Indoor Positioning.

Author

Leitinger, Erik, Meissner, Paul, Rudisser, Christoph, Dumphart, Gregor, and Witrisal, Klaus

Subjects
WIRELESS localization, ULTRA-wideband communication, INDOOR positioning systems, MULTIPATH channels, TELECOMMUNICATION channels, FISHER information
Abstract

Location awareness is a key factor for a wealth of wireless indoor applications. Its provision requires the careful fusion of diverse information sources. For agents that use radio signals for localization, this information may either come from signal transmissions with respect to fixed anchors, from cooperative transmissions between agents, or from radar-like monostatic transmissions. Using a priori knowledge of a floor plan of the environment, specular multipath components can be exploited, based on a geometric-stochastic channel model. In this paper, a unified framework is presented for the quantification of this type of position-related information, using the concept of equivalent Fisher information. We derive analytical results for the Cramér–Rao lower bound of multipath-assisted positioning, considering bistatic transmissions between agents and fixed anchors, monostatic transmissions from agents, cooperative measurements between agents, and combinations thereof, including the effect of clock offsets. Awareness of this information enables highly accurate and robust indoor positioning. Computational results show the applicability of the framework for the characterization of the localization capabilities of a given environment, quantifying the influence of different system setups, signal parameters, and the impact of path overlap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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