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Simulation emergency evacuation is an important part in the field of safety engineering, affective computing plays a vital role in the popularization of artificial intelligence, computer simulation and human-computer interaction. Inspired by this field, this paper proposes a method for simulating group interactions during emergency evacuation. First, each individual is assigned with dynamic survival needs and psychological quality based on urgent event and the external influence. Second, the emotional interaction of the group is realized based on OCEAN (Openness, Conscientiousness, Extroversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism) personality trait and the improved CA-SIRS (Cellular Automaton-Susceptible Infected Recovered Susceptible) model. Third, after the perception of the external environment changes, the accident experience and panic level are used as factors of emotion update. At last, the environmental familiarity and nearby flow factors are introduced to path planning process. Based on emotion contagion, this method explores individual's emotional changes in different scenarios and situations. Combined with personality traits and emotional contagion, the experimental results show that the proposed method can simulate dynamic emotional changes in emergency situations in both efficient and reasonable way and provide guidance for emergency evacuation.

In the era of big data, huge archive data has brought challenges to archive management. The new data distributed storage technology-blockchain, provides new methods and ideas for the circulation and sharing of data through the characteristics of decentralization, timing, distributed ledger, openness, and openness and transparency. This article analyzes the role and characteristics of blockchain technology in the file management distributed system under the background of big data. Starting from the connection between digital archives research and blockchain technology, the application prospects of blockchain technology in archives management are analyzed from different angles.

With the development of society, people’s requirements for the fairness and openness of "pharmaceutical management and regulations" are constantly increasing. In this context, China’s pharmaceutical management teaching needs continue to expand. In order to build an online platform for pharmaceutical management, enrich Management methods to enhance management effects. This article is based on PHP language and WEB development technology to realize the construction of the online platform of "Pharmaceutical Affairs Management and Regulations" and online intelligent promotion.

In recent years, blockchain technology is receiving more and more people's attention. The reason why it has received so many people's attention is that through blockchain technology, the openness and transparency of information can be effectively guaranteed, and because of the immutability of blockchain, so that it has great application value in various fields. In corporate financial management, the application of blockchain technology to corporate tax planning and management will have a profound impact on corporate tax planning. Based on the analysis of the definition and characteristics of the blockchain, this paper can study the impact of the application of the blockchain in corporate tax planning through decentralized modeling for in-depth research. This article first introduces the steps, key points and research status of corporate tax planning, then introduces the application, development and characteristics of blockchain technology, and finally models and simulates corporate tax planning based on blockchain technology, and the results prove the reliability of the model.

The Global Ecosystem and Environment Observation Analysis Research Cooperation (GEOARC) is an effort made by China to protect the global ecological environment and actively implement the 2030 sustainable development goals of the United Nations. This paper introduces the positioning and characteristics of GEOARC’s work, and reviews 18 annual reports published by GEOARC from 2012 to 2018 on three topics: typical elements of global ecological environment, global key area and global ecological environment hot issues. Among them, the theme of typical elements of global ecological environment is to monitor and analyze the temporal and spatial changes of typical global ecological environment elements such as vegetation, water body and wetland by means of remote sensing, so as to help global governance, protect the life community of “landscape, forest, field, Lake and grass” and protect the common future of the earth. The theme of the global key areas focus on the “one belt, one road” region, developing countries and fragile ecological areas, helping to build the “community of human destiny”. The theme of global hot issues of ecological environment mainly focus on climate change, food security, urban and rural development, etc., with the purpose of actively safeguarding the common interests of humankind. Finally, the paper summarizes the impact, objective, work plan, and key points of GEOARC. It is pointed out that GEOARC is a long-term work, which should adhere to the principles of openness, cooperation and sharing, attract the participation of the global remote sensing community, and constantly improve its international influence.

Social things face great uncertainty and complexity in their decision-making. This is true whether the social thing is as large as the electric grid of a country or as small as drug carrier targeted nanomachines employed for cancer treatment. The problem is further complicated when it is tasked with serving humans, with the intricate and ill-defined meaning of service. Therefore, there is a need for cognitive decision-making in which human factors of time, attitude, attention, trust, and bias are considered in the recommendation, prediction, analysis, estimation, and automated decision making. Here, we introduce a trust-based decision-making architecture for swarms of bioinspired nanomachines. Particularly, the factor of trust is used as an index for swarm joining and disjoining. Each nanomachine's decision is considered as a new attitude that is weakened or reinforced by a trust factor. The trust factor is derived using a Fuzzy Cognitive Map which is composed of integrity, competence, consistency, loyalty, and openness. Nanomachines with high trust factors form a dense group and change to a “trustee” swarm. The trustee converges to the cancer site. The result shows the proposed method in targeted drug delivery outperforms the competing strategies with lower hypoxic and endothelial cell density as the marker of cancer.

Trait models of personality can be used to predict prosocial behaviour. In the research field of human-robot interaction, there are many hints that interaction patterns learned from interacting with other humans also guide human behaviour regarding robots. This leads to the question, whether behaviour towards robots can be predicted by trait models of personality as well. To answer this question for the case of helping behaviour towards robots, an experiment was designed in which 50 participants answered questionnaires on personality (HEXACO-PI-R-100) and on negative attitudes towards robots (NARS), and were observed while being repeatedly asked for help by a robot. The personality dimensions of Conscientiousness and Openness influenced the observed behaviour significantly. These results show that personality also affects human-robot interaction. Nonetheless, this present work is only a first step towards a more thorough understanding of the influencing factors of successful human-robot interaction.

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) have recently gained a lot of attention as a new e-learning paradigm. Despite its widespread use, the high percentage of students who do not use it raises concerns among institutions in developed countries who have spent considerable time and money developing it. As a result, it is critical to comprehend the variables that affect students' decisions to take MOOCs. This paper proposes a conceptual framework for assessing MOOC acceptance among students in Nigerian higher education institution, and it expands on the technology acceptance model (TAM). Five constructs and two moderators are identified and hypothesized and synthesis of related prior literature: perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, reputation, subjective norm, facilitating condition, and technology awareness. The suggested conceptual framework in this research enriches existing literature on student’s intention to use MOOCs.

The use of e-learning in teaching and learning today is very widespread. Various learning theories have been used behind the use of e-learning. However, there is still room for improvement by strengthening the connectivity aspect in the learning process. Connectivism has the potential to remove issues such as lack of interaction, inaccessibility to various ideas and resources, dissatisfaction with the systems, and failure in e-learning. Therefore, this study aims at the e-learning systems success by applying the principles of the connectivism theory. The findings of this study introduce the main connectivism determinants of interaction, autonomy, diversity, and openness which can equip the future e-learning studies with the necessary constructs and principles to propose models and frameworks for the e-learning success in not only usual but also unusual situations. This study will promote the satisfaction with the e-learning systems which leads to the e-learning success as a result.

The global spread of the new coronavirus pneumonia has once again triggered the public's thinking about public health emergencies. This is not only a test of the improvement of my country's governance system and the modernization of governance capabilities, but also a huge boost to my country's digital government governance capabilities. At the same time, digital government has played an active role in the prevention and control of the novel coronavirus pneumonia epidemic, and the prevention and control of the epidemic has also brought new impetus to data sharing and openness. This article describes the effectiveness and application of digital government in public health emergencies, and analyzes the challenges and development bottlenecks faced by digital government construction, from improving the digital government emergency management mechanism, strengthening government platform support, and strengthening the construction of digital government talent system. Development suggestions were put forward.

Ad-hoc networks belong to the distributed networks that do not depend on the fixed infrastructure and can dynamically change the network topology and structure. Therefore, it is of great value to promote the ad-hoc networks to the actual application. However, the openness of the ad-hoc networks makes them vulnerable to malicious attacks. Till now, multiple researchers have carried out a lot of work on solving ad-hoc security issues. This paper discusses these security threats and solutions from different aspects in the first place. Then, this paper analyzes the existing security solutions. Next, this paper summarizes the advantages and disadvantages. Finally, this paper proposes future research directions.

Building and construction is the fastest growing market sector that has a major impact on increasing environmental pollution. Therefore, it has become essential to review in-depth the technology of material science to reduce their negative impact on the environment and their application on the innovative building structure. Recently, great attention has been given to the application of Nano materials that play a crucial role in a sustainable and ecological lifestyle. Furthermost, the potential to enhance more eco-friendly and sustainable possibilities without compromising the efficiency, structure, durability, cost-effectiveness, and productivity are of key importance. However, understanding the use of this new technology is essential to convey the advantages of such technology to achieve a sustainable design to attract the willingness and openness from architects, engineers, developers, manufacturers, and building owners. The aim of this research is therefore to provide new insight into nanomaterial and their use to comprehend the necessity of the designer/architect to be intellectually aware of the fresh innovations and trends to keep up with modern technique and practical understanding of ''smart'' materials.

A home helper is in high demand these days because it relieves the stress of doing household chores. Home helpers are usually self-employed and work part-time in their clients' homes. Be that as it may, having domestic helper departments within the nearby local area is annoying since residents, in general, have no foggy idea of when or how to contact the person providing these types of help. Examples of departments that could be offered include escort departments, garden maintenance, dinner planning, pet grooming, assistance with family tasks, or even friendship for the elderly. It is clear that there is a gap between the specialized household cooperatives and the neighboring local area that requested the departments. Usually, individuals introducing departments present their administrations by using flyers or bypassing their phone numbers to individuals. This is definitely not an accurate display system because the dispersion of the data is limited to just a small aggregation of the surrounding local area. Going forward, I-HomeHelper acts as a unique stage for people to bring their department to an end through openness who are asking their departments to take advantage of current developments in Global Positioning Systems (GPS) with Industry Revolution 4.0 (IR4.0). I-HomeHelper authorizes to make an orderly reservation for the necessary departments and also fills as a stage for the advancement of the various departments accessible. The finer details of departments that include costs, name of home partners, and contact numbers are likewise shown on the advanced page so that the general community can choose which departments meet their models. This app is expected to create an ecosystem for holistic critical development for these freelance people and benefit an audience that really needs help with family chores or home maintenance.

The present study identifies a number of individual difference traits that are related to cyber hygiene behaviour in order to develop a brief questionnaire. The resulting questionnaire identifies basic vulnerabilities in users’ practices consisting of updating software, changing passwords, and disclosure of information on social media platforms (SMPs). Using existing scales assessing individual differences (i.e., conscientiousness, extraversion, and openness, regulatory focus), we argue that the cybersecurity scale (CSEC) can be used to identify individuals within an organization that need remedial education and training. Moreover, CSEC scores differentiate between assessment disclosure vulnerability and intrusion vulnerability, allowing for the identification of different kinds of cybersecurity practices.

Cloud computing companies need to achieve a balance between service openness and security control to promote the growth of the cloud service business. This paper is a theoretical discussion of the complete service openness condition and the complete security control condition based on Nash equilibrium from the perspective of investment, including investment in service and investment in security by the cloud computing company. The quantitative assessment methods of two conditions are designed based on the investments. A quantitative analysis of the impact of security investments on security control and service openness is presented. Based on this analysis, the optimal security investment for service openness and the minimum complete service openness investment standard are derived. Finally, the relationship between them is analyzed to help cloud computing providers decide the optimal strategy for coordinating investment in both service and security.

The emergence and use of facial-recognition payment technology has brought new challenges. Although credit-card payment is quick and easy, it is easy to lose a card or forget the password. Because people use simple passwords and reuse them on different accounts and services, passwords can be shared and cracked. QR payment is inseparable from smart phones, smart phones may be lost, signals may be unstable, and batteries may be exhausted. However, facial-recognition technology, which detects and describes feature vectors without physical contact, directly contributes to overall efficiency, performance, and accuracy. Currently, studies of technical issues of facial-recognition technology and facial-recognition payment systems are very popular. There are many studies that emphasize the working principle of the facial-recognition system, the system's reliability, and the future development trend. However, for non-technical issues, such as from the perspective of consumers, research on the characteristics of facial-recognition payment and the factors affecting consumer's intent to use is rare. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the factors influencing consumers' willingness to use facial-recognition payment systems. This study has selected security, visibility, and expected effort and social image as the feature variables of the facial-recognition payment system. Results in this paper shows that the safety, security, visibility and social image will affect consumers' intent to use the system. It can also influence consumers' intent to use through perceived usefulness. The amount of effort expected not only has direct influence on intent to use but also influences the intent to use by the mediating factor of perceived usefulness. In this article, Openness characteristic (consumer's personality) has a moderating effect on the relationship between security, expected effort and usage intention.

One of the most topical problems of information security is the prevention of successful incidents of social engineering attacks - psychological manipulation of people to get access to confidential information. It is necessary to assess personal characteristics of an information system user to estimate his vulnerability to some type of attack. Assessment the degree of openness of a social media user is perspective this way (openness is considered according to the factor of “openness to experience”, which is part of the personality model “The Big Five”). In this paper, we consider an approach to assessing the openness of an online social network user using the bayesian network. Based on the five-factor personality questionnaire, the characteristics that can be extracted from the user's page, potentially affecting his openness to accepting information, are considered. The structure of the Bayesian network for solving this problem is proposed.

In the autumn 2020 the course Digital Movie Making was given in a fully online mode, due to the restrictions and lockdowns related to the covid-19 pandemic. With the intention of avoiding Zoom fatigue and provide a more creative and engaging online teaching environment, the social VR platform Mozilla Hubs was chosen for all the lectures, seminars and supervision. The two main reasons for choosing Mozilla Hubs were the openness of the platform, providing wide opportunities for creating and setting up your own virtual space, as well as the option to access the platform via a web browser. However, Mozilla Hubs has a number of usability and technical flaws, making it clumsy to use, and the initial course introduction and guest lecture suffered severe technical issues when all 25 students attended simultaneously. A decision was made to only use Mozilla Hubs for supervision, and these meetings with few students turned out successful. Based on the observations from these learning activities, a number of advantages and disadvantages with VR in general and Mozilla Hubs specifically is presented and discussed.

In the conditions of intensive development of scientific communities' mobility to ensure openness of innovations, it is essential to rationalize the choice of partners rational. The article considers a conceptual model of research on the problem of choosing partners for the implementation of research or educational projects. The main components of the conceptual model are to determine the criteria for selecting potential partners, applying a multi-objective optimization method, expert evaluation, building the benefits of partners or project executors, deciding on assigning partners project tasks that meet the relevant work package. The article defines the general requirements for the development of information technology to select potential partners for research and educational projects. Problems that need to be solved have also identified. It assumed that the introduction of this information technology will increase the efficiency of projects to obtain stable educational and scientific results in the medium and long term.

The prediction of the personality of an individual is a critical problem in both areas whether it is considered in the context of organizations or in the case of our daily lives. Prediction of personality depends on many factors and these factors may vary from one individual to another.Personality prediction is identifying the personalities of individuals through their actions in different situations and observing their behaviours in various circumstances. Personality traits show the different characteristics of different people based on their thoughts, feelings, and behaviours. There can be positive as well as negative personality traits. Personality traits are based on the Big Five Model also known as the OCEAN model i.e. Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism. In the previous study, many investigations has been done. They have used different techniques and different algorithms to predict the personality of different people. Some have used handwriting to predict personality using the GSC algorithm. Facial expressions have been used in some studies using CNN features. Few studies have focused on the social networking sites for personality prediction by examining an individual’s reaction to different posts, their comments, their posts, etc. One study predicted personality using AU, LF, POS, Emotional features and their combinations. Apart from this, there are few limitations in these single models discussed above. They work efficiently for only a small dataset but on increasing the size of the dataset their accuracy keeps decreasing. Multimodal is effective in this case and to make the task automatic, an intelligent multimodal agent can identify personality traits better based on both verbal and non-verbal features.

In the information age, the development and application of Internet technology has spread all over the industry and field. The timeliness, sharing and openness of Internet technology have a great influence on the thinking, learning and life style of contemporary college students. Because Internet technology has great advantages in information dissemination and storage, the types and ways of information that students can contact through the Internet are becoming more and more diversified. This also increases the difficulty of college students' education management. Therefore, this paper analyzes the influence of contemporary Internet technology on college students from the characteristics of Internet technology. On this basis, this paper combs out some achievements brought by computer Internet in the education management of college students, and at the same time, in order to strengthen and perfect the education management of college students, this paper puts forward some suggestions for improvement.

Automatic personality recognition using the Big Five dimensions (OCEAN: extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism and openness) is capturing the attention of researchers. Personality recognition is expected to have encouraging future in Human- computer and Robot Interaction applications. Human speech conveys rich information that can be derived to recognize speaker traits. However, our focus is on the rich content of non-verbal features in human speech. We focus on how humans talk, not what they talk about. The focus in this paper is to experiment with four different machine learning techniques, and their performance in recognizing personality traits, we report our results in this regard. We use the Speaker Personality Corpus provided by the Interspeech 2012 challenge. First, we recognize three issues affecting the system’s low performance: dimensionality, judges’ agreement, and imbalanced data. Next, we address each issue and provide a solution to improve the system’s performance. Finally, we compare our results with the baseline showing better classification results.

The unbalanced development between urban and rural areas and the income gap between residents restrict the overall economic development and social stability. Based on the cross-sectional data of 31 provinces in China, this paper uses the least square method to build a multiple linear regression model for analysis. The results show that the degree of urbanization, industrial structure, education level and regional openness have a greater impact on the income gap between urban and rural areas. According to this, this paper puts forward some policy suggestions to narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas.

Blockchain technology enables global mutually trustless participants to reach a consensus on the final state of permissionless distributed and decentralized ledgers. Due to its properties of openness, transparency, irreversibility, and credibility, many systems have been built based on blockchains' structure, such as Bitcoin and Ethereum. With the wide application of blockchains, however, many security problems still exist in blockchains and there have been many malicious attacks against blockchain systems. Although these attacks have been proposed, there lacks a systematic exploration of how these attacks have been conducted and what underlying relationship they have. In this paper, we firstly present and summarize several current attacks on blockchains in three aspects: system deficiency attacks, mining attacks, and network-level attacks. Secondly, we conduct a systematic analysis and evaluation of the possibility of these attacks occurring on major blockchain platforms. Finally, we motivate some research perspectives and challenges for blockchain system security and highlight some potential solutions to these problems.

While working on online platforms users leave a plethora of digital traces including click & edit logs, social media posts, likes & votes, and similar. By analyzing user digital traces, we gain insights into (i) individual user behavior and, (ii) the user social interactions. These insights broaden our understanding of user interactions and support system operators in optimizing their systems. My talk will follow these components of user behavior: in the first part I will present my research on individual user behavior on the example of sequential user behavior. Here, we model sequential user behavior with Markov chains and express the hypotheses about their behavior as prior distributions over these Markov chains. I will present a few applications of this framework such as user navigation, ontology editing or urban movements. In the second part, I will present my work on user social interactions on the example of user activity. Here we ask the question, how user mutual influence affect the sustainability of communities. We find that growing communities exhibit high early stage activity by a small core of power users reacting to the community as a whole, and strong long-term activity by casual users, suggesting community openness. Our results can inform community operators on which users to focus at different developmental stages of a community. Lastly, I will conclude the topic on user social interactions by presenting a novel Bayesian approach to parameter estimation of multivariate point processes for modelling of discrete user events.

Personality is the fundamental thing that forms the behavioral tendencies of each individuality in a situation. A common model used to describe personality is the big five personality that divides personality traits into five dimensions of neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. Personality assessment through physiological signals offers objectivity and reliability of the test results due to the minimal role of test takers in the examination process. One widely recommended approach is signal-based analysis of electroencephalography (EEG). The EEG signal feature of the ASCERTAIN public database was extracted using discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and was classified using support vector machine (SVM) to determine personality dimensions. The results showed better performance compared to the application of other techniques on the same dataset with 69% and 75.9% accuracy to determine extraversion and neuroticism level, respectively. However, this accuracy still needs to be improved to generate reliable model. Increased data variability can be useful for understanding brain dynamic activity per individual.

The social media usage among the internet users has been increasing constantly, producing user generated logical data's such as textual posts and images through different sources. Everyday people express their immediate thoughts, emotions and beliefs by writing, posting and sharing content online which is viewable by user's online social network. Digital footprints serve as a key tool to trace the online activities, communication, and actions left behind as a result of extensive use of internet. Henceforth, the data of the user is collected in real time to analyse his state of mental behaviour based on certain parameters which would forecast his stage of addiction towards the internet world. We analyse five different traits namely openness to experiences, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and neuroticism. The digital footprints collected are thus processed to extract features to be employed in predictive model. Calculating the mean predictive value of the digital footprints lead to the required outcome. Meta-analyses of the acquired data were compared with the traits to bring out the predictive results.

“Yasheng” objects are used by the ancient Chinese folks to avoid evil and pray for good fortune. They have disappeared in most areas of China, but a large number of them remain in the dwellings of Southern Fujian and have become a part of architectural decoration. The “Yasheng” in these houses are not only influenced by other regions in history, but also have distinctive local characteristics, which can reflect the openness and regionality of folk beliefs in Southern Fujian. Furthermore, the “Yasheng” embodies the concept of building intelligent design in the traditional architecture. With the advancement of modernization and urbanization, a large number of traditional buildings are facing demolition. New buildings usually do not have these “Yasheng”. The younger generation also knows little about this, and the “Yasheng culture” is gradually declining. This article uses the methods of document collection and field investigation to classify, introduce and record these “Yasheng”, trying to analyze the historical reasons and cultural background of them. Through the analysis of their functions, history, spirit, decoration and craftsmanship, this paper probes into the cultural value reflected by the “Yasheng”.

The university is a community composed of scholars and students, committed to the cause of seeking truth. Once formed, the community has become an important position for knowledge innovation and dissemination, and a mechanism guarantee for the continuation of university spirit, such as pursuing truth, independent thinking, free criticism, and taking academic as ambition. However, the academic community of universities is facing multiple crises from both internal and external perspectives. The impetuous trend of university academic research and the anomie phenomenon in personnel training have become the direct manifestation of the crisis of university academic community. We must deeply analyze the internal value logic of university academic community, rely on value consciousness, and stimulate the benign operation of university academic community with the values of openness, inclusiveness, innovation and cooperation, so as to get rid of the crisis. From the perspective of the basic logic of university operation, this paper discusses the deep-seated value problems. This study aims to arouse the profound thinking of university administrators and university academic communities’ participants, and to guide the value return of university academic community.

Virtual reality catches individuals' consideration. This innovation has been applied in numerous divisions, for example, medication, industry, training, computer games, or the travel industry. Maybe its most significant zone of intrigue has been relaxation and amusement. In any case, the part, the presentation of virtual or increased reality had a few limitations: it was costly, it had poor ergonomics, or inferred an excessive amount of work to make the substance. This study gives a general view of virtual reality applications that used primarily in the education sector. Late mechanical developments, including the quick selection of cell phones by society, have encouraged the entrance to computer-generated reality and enlarged the truth of anybody. Instructive organizations profit by better openness to virtual innovations. VR will make it conceivable to educate in virtual situations that are difficult to picture in physical study halls, such as getting into virtual research facilities, imagining machines, mechanical plants, or even clinical cases. The gigantic prospects of open virtual advancements will make it conceivable to break the limits of formal instruction.

The choice of academic program is a crucial selection as this decision plays a major role in enhancing opportunities in career path. Young adolescents often experience indecisions while choosing their academic major, which may lead to uncertainty in future. Therefore, to assist students to find the right field of study, several researches related to personality dynamics have been conducted in recent years to determine correlation between academic fields and personalities of students and the result showed evident association. Consequently, this increases the productivity and success rate in comparison. This study determines the differences amongst the students of three popular academic programs in Bangladesh and envisage the appropriate academic choice for the prospective students by analyzing their personality traits. For this study, we have collected data from a total of 135 participants. We used students' Big5 Personality Factors (Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, Emotional Stability, and Conscientiousness), and academic information to develop the prediction model. Using Gaussian Classifier along with 10-fold cross-validation method, we have achieved an accuracy of 91.1%. The findings of this study demonstrate that the proposed framework has a great potential in assisting prospective students to make an informed decision to determine the suitable higher study options while increasing academic motivation ratio.

This paper examines the influence of financial inclusion on economic growth in 37 developed countries and 21 emerging countries during the period 2006–2017. The GMM method is used to analyze panel data. The analysis results show that the financial inclusion has a positive effect on economic growth in developed and emerging countries. The impacts of financial inclusion on economic growth in developed countries has a steeper slope than in emerging countries. Besides financial inclusion, trade openness and intellectual property right also affect the economic growth of these countries.

study examines the impact of trade and financial openness on banks' financial development in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. The study used panel dataset of 67 key banks from GCC countries over the period 2009–2018. Banks' financial development is a dependent variable measured by three sets of indicators which are the cost, volume of banks' credit, and banks' risk-taking. Fixed effect regression model shows that both trade openness and financial openness could promote GCC countries' bank's financial development, where both of them affect significantly on the cost and volume of banks' credit variables, but they have insignificant impact on banks' risk-taking. The Authors recommend that simultaneous opening of trade and finance is a more guaranteed way to improved financial development in GCC. This could be happen when the policy makers emphasize trade and financial openness at the core of national development strategies; adopt trade facilitation, logistics, and border management to help their economies to integrate into global value chains through targeted reforms and investments; advice and support implementation of commitments made through trade openness agreements.

Indonesian rupiah has been quite volatile in recent years. There are many factors determined the fluctuation of rupiah. It is necessary to study which of these variables, including; fiscal, monetary, and external trade policy, affect the fluctuation of the rupiah exchange rate. ARDL (Autoregressive Distributed Lag) model with quarterly data from 2008 to 2018 is used to study the short and long-term effects between the variables studied. The results showed that all variables are co-integrated but partially does not affect the exchange rate in the long run. Deeply, these variables greatly influence the fluctuation of the rupiah exchange rate in the short term. Therefore, it can be suggested that firstly, the financing of the fiscal deficit with Sovereign Debt Instruments is better than foreign debt, given the different effects on the rupiah exchange rate. Second, the monetary authority must consider domestic interest more competitive and view conditions in the real sector. Lastly, the weakening of the exchange rate due to increased imports can be an opportunity for exporters to improve export performance to stabilize the exchange rate.

Internet of things is becoming the most important technology now a days and it is next era of communication. By the use of IOT, various physical things can communicate, interact and exchange data seamlessly. IOT brings intelligence and automation in different areas like agriculture, transportation, industry, health and many more. The ultimate goal of the IOT applications is to increase comfort and efficiency of the users. IOT architecture comprises of various objects and things which are connected to open network. This openness/this exposure provides fertile ground for various types of security attacks. Security and Protection are the significant perspective of IOT Network. Conventional Security approaches can't be applied directly to the resource constrained network. Authentication confirms the identity of each individual registered entity in the network. It is very much important to verify and validate identity of device as compromised device can damage to the network. IOT applications can significantly be useful to society when these security issues at each layer (Perception, Network and Application) are analyzed and solved. In this paper, a detailed review of the security related challenges specially related to Authentication and source of threats in IOT applications is discussed.

The high quality development of economy in the new period has become an issue that academic circles pay close attention to. Based on the five new development concepts of innovation, coordination, green, openness and sharing, this paper constructs a comprehensive evaluation system of high-quality economic development that contains 14 basic indicators, and measures and evaluates China's economic development level in 2018 with the help of TOPSIS method of entropy weight. The results show that high-quality economic development has different characteristics in innovation, coordination, green, openness and sharing. Overall, the level of innovation development is the highest while the level of shared development is the lowest. The high quality economic development of each province in China has obvious regional imbalance, and presents a step-like spatial distribution pattern of decreasing from east to middle to west.

The current agricultural supply chain is a centralized system that has many issues related to integrity, tracking, organizing the transactions. There is lack of trust and transparency in the supply chain. There are many irregularities in the implementation of schemes. The consumers doubt the quality of the food supplied to them. The farmers, wholesalers are affected from the payment frauds by the middlemen. Blockchain helps us solve these issues by keeping track of all the different stages of food. The public blockchain being transparent, open, immutable, trackable helps in reducing the irregularities, frauds. This paper proposes the agricultural supply chain system model that uses the Ethereum platform. The smart contracts are developed for different stages of the supply chain. These contracts ensure that all the pre-decided conditions are satisfied before proceeding with the transactions. This system ensures security, reliability, trust, openness. It eases the transactions, administrative processes. It gives a fair chance to farmers to quote a price using smart contracts.

The concept of digital orientation (DO) is attracting increasing attention of academic and practicing managers. One possible reason for the scholars increasing attention on the concept of DO is the assumptions that digitally oriented firm are capable of building competitive advantage through the use of flexible resources. However, there is still no consensus on the concept of digital orientation, its dimensions and measurement scale. This literature gap limits the ability to comprehensively examine digital orientation and its performance outcomes at various firms and industries. This study was set to develop and validate a comprehensive measurement scale that can be used to examine the DO of a firm. A rigorous scale development processes [1] has been followed to specify, estimate, measure and validate the concept of digital orientation. The items were based on definitions and conceptualisation of the four identified dimensions of DO at the firm level. A pilot study was conducted using 20 participants for face validation. Jamovi statistical software was used to conduct exploratory factor analysis using 177 datasets and confirmatory factor analysis to further refined scale using 423 responses. The result reveals that the digital orientation of a firm consists of digital curiosity, digital alertness, digital openness and digital innovative passion. It is, therefore, a multidimensional second-order reflective model. This study is the first to develop a validate a measurement scale for digital orientation of a firm.

Group work is frequently used in higher education to prepare students for their future work roles and to foster the development of interpersonal and social skills. Such skills may be of particular importance when solving complex problems, in study situations as well as in real life. However, students often report on problems in group work and teachers face difficulties in making fair assessments of the individuals’ contribution. This paper emphasizes the development of openness as an essential team skill for enabling successful group work, to counteract free-riding, and to facilitate teachers in making fair assessments. With the use of a questionnaire for peer assessments of team skills, we measured openness in 23 groups from two different courses—one with students who know each other well and one with students who just met. In a comparison of the two student groups, we conclude that students with a history of working together exhibited more openness, thus speaking in favor of group work running over a longer period of time. We consider the operationalization of the concept openness as the main contribution here, in addition to the empirical result.

This Work In Progress describes the development and validation of a 34-item student-focused Self-Efficacy for Engineering Design (SEED) survey. Content validity was achieved using experts’ judgments. Construct validity was performed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The survey validation was accomplished using 256 mechanical engineering students, distributed over three classes. The SEED survey consists of two subscales that measure the self-efficacy for (a) design competencies (SEDC) and (b) personal competencies (SEPC). SEDC consists of 8 subscales, which are (a) identifying customer needs, (b) establishing target specifications, (c) generating product concepts, (d) selecting a product concept, (e) system-level design, (f) detailed design, (g) prototyping, and (h) evaluating the design. SEPC consists of 4 subscales, which are (a) openness, (b) conscientiousness, (c) extraversion, and (d) agreeableness.

Project-based Curriculum teaching method is a new form of production of project instead of traditional teaching method, which integrates contents of project into the curriculum and enables students to complete production of project in the form of classes. “Mini-Class” is based on WeChat Subscription Number. Professional teacher of each course regularly pushes the core content of each lesson to their followers in the form of videos, pictures, text and other forms. The most important thing of “Mini-Class” is to realize barrier-free communication and interaction between teachers and students at any time and anywhere, and to truly realize the openness of e-learning.

Recent research on information visualization has shown how individual differences act as a mediator on how users interact with visualization systems. We focus our exploratory study on whether personality has an effect on user preferences regarding idioms used for hierarchy, evolution over time, and comparison contexts. Specifically, we leverage all personality variables from the Five-Factor Model and the three dimensions from Locus of Control (LoC) with correlation and clustering approaches. The correlation-based method suggested that Neuroticism, Openness to Experience, Agreeableness, several facets from each trait, and the External dimensions from LoC mediate how much individuals prefer certain idioms. In addition, our results from the cluster-based analysis showed that Neuroticism, Extraversion, Conscientiousness, and all dimensions from LoC have an effect on preferences for idioms in hierarchy and evolution contexts. Our results support the incorporation of in-depth personality synergies with InfoVis into the design pipeline of visualization systems., 5 pages, 1 figure, 4 tables, short paper, IEEE VIS 2020

As one of the most rapidly developing social networking platforms, WeChat circle of friends is becoming increasingly important in young people's lives. In 2019, WeChat official active users exceeded 1.1 billion, becoming an eternal hot spot in the network circle and deeply loved by college students. However, most of the current studies on WeChat focus on the use frequency and published content, while few studies explore the openness of WeChat friend circle. Our study is a positive step to evaluate this phenomenon. In this study, the degree of openness of WeChat friend circle is combined with gender, and the personality dimension is introduced as a variable, aiming to reveal whether the personality dimension plays a mediating role between gender and openness of WeChat friend circle. The sample included 699 self-selected Chinese Internet users (273 men) aged between 18 and 25. Participants were asked to complete a paper questionnaire, including the WeChat circle of friends open questionnaire and a simplified NEO five-factor scale. The results showed that WeChat openness was positively correlated with neuroticism and negatively correlated with agreeableness. These results suggest that people of different genders and personalities tend to differ in how open they are to friends.

Crowdsourcing networks solve difficult problems by utilizing large-scale human intelligence. The openness of crowdsourcing inevitably introduces malicious users, which affects the trustworthiness of crowdsourced results. To address the above issue, this paper proposes a decentralized trust management approach using blockchain for crowd computing scenarios. Through inserting known-result subtasks into crowdsourced computing tasks, the trustworthiness of the result of each task is calculated, as well as the trust value offset of crowdsourcing workers and the trustworthiness of the final result. Then, a novel consensus mechanism Proof of Capturing-Work (PoCW) is proposed, where miners get a smaller difficulty of mining if they capture more lazy actions in the crowd computing. Under the consensus mechanism, a trustworthiness blockchain is developed to conveniently manage trust for crowdsourcing networks. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed solution is analyzed in terms of security and cost. Simulations are conducted to validate the correctness and theoretical results.

Cloud computing is applied in various domains, among which social recommender systems are well-received because of their effectivity to provide suggestions for users. Social recommender systems perform well in alleviating cold start problem, but it suffers from shilling attack due to its natural openness. Shilling attack is an injection attack mainly acting on the training process of machine learning, which aims to advance or suppress the recommendation ranking of target items. Some researchers have studied the influence of shilling attacks in two perspectives simultaneously, which are user-item's rating and user-user's relation. However, they take more consideration into user-item's rating, and up to now, the construction of user-user's relation has not been explored in depth. To explore shilling attacks with complex relations, in this paper, we propose two novel attack models based on triangle relations in social networks. Furthermore, we explore the influence of these models on five social recommendation algorithms. The experimental results on three datasets show that the recommendation can be affected by the triangle relation attacks. The attack model combined with triangle relation has a better attack effect than the model only based on rating injection and the model combined with random relation. Besides, we compare the functions of triangle relations in friend recommendation and product recommendation.

Due to their openness and low barriers to enroll, most Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) offer free access to knowledge for almost everyone. This attracts a large number of learners, each with their own individual intentions and motivations to join a course. However, personal support and guidance can almost never be provided at this scale. All learners have to follow the same usually weekly structured content and the learning success is only measured by the achievement of a certificate. To overcome this one-size-fits-all approach with technical means, we introduced a tool for Personalized Learning Objectives. This enables learners to achieve more individual objectives in courses, follow different learning paths, and link their motivations and intentions to the definition of learning success. Previous studies have already examined, among other aspects, the usefulness, acceptance, and achievement rates of learning objectives in MOOCs. In this complimentary research, the satisfaction of students with and without a selected learning objective is compared in a course on topics from the field of Design Thinking.

In the current pandemic emergency, where everything changed in a matter of hours, many fields have confronted the situation with emergency responses, in many cases, with openness and collaborative approach. In the context of education, some view the current emergency as an opportunity for digital transformation and innovation in education. However, the emergency responses to have the desired impact in the long term, need to be strategically thought-through and planned. In this paper, we argue that open practices, sound design and virtual mobility based on administrative support principles can bring opportunities for quality education. Moreover, we reconceptualize and recontextualize the notions of blended, hybrid and flexible learning within this situation. The current paper is a conceptual contribution drawing on a case of a university experience, with a radical transformation focus, contextualized in current covidl9 educational emergency. To conclude, we propose a Hybrid Flexible Learning Framework based on two main pillars: virtual mobility and design that could be a useful conceptual tool for the current situation but also for future consideration, beyond the crisis.

This paper focuses on identifying the natures of coordination challenges in digital policy implementation and evaluation in Finland. The research adopts a qualitative approach, because relevant literature and reports are reviewed to ascertain these challenges. The review result shows that coordination challenges in digital policy implementation and evaluation in Finland are related to issues such as autonomy and independence, poor policy planning and approval, financial limitations, inadequate expertise and personnel shortages, orientation towards gains (profit), developmental inequalities among regions; lack of awareness among some stakeholders etc. In addition, the review result shows that recommendations for addressing these challenges are related to issues such as more collaboration, openness, partnership building and networking, improving awareness, enhancing digital and computer education, increasing budgetary allocations, more transparency, encouraging local participation and accountability etc.