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This proposed work demonstrates the illustration of dynamic performance intensification of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) employed by a PWM controlled inverter which synchronizes with the rotor movement intimation. PMSM are widely hired in electric vehicles since it possesses better dynamic response, improved torque-speed property, and reduced noise, energy-efficient and power factor in comparison with traditional motors. In the present work, it is observed that by few modifications of the position control strategy as good as sinusoidal stator currents response generates less torque ripples. The mathematical model for PMSM is derived from park’s transformation. Further, a maiden attempt is taken to introduce the performance indicator ’sensor angle’ to estimate the rotor position in this strategy. From the established model, the various dynamic behavior of the drive system is determined analytically without and under various load disturbances. Additionally, a particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique is adopted to optimize the performance of the proposed dynamic strategy. An efficient speed control strategy by the variation of DC bus voltage is achieved which is equivalent to the armature voltage control of the conventional dc machine. Further, efficient and simple control circuitry of the voltage source inverter (VSI) is obtained in this strategy. To verify the efficacy of the proposed algorithm, necessary tests are carried out in a real-time setup. Therefore, an improved control strategy obtained from the simulation and an experimental approach meets the dynamic behavior employed in light weight electric vehicles.

Active Magnetic Bearing (AMB) is a highly nonlinear and unstable system. This unstable attitude of Active Magnetic Bearing and its built-in nonlinearities make the designing and control problems really challenging. In this paper, a closed loop current controller for an active magnetic bearing (AMB) is designed to hover a ferromagnetic material at a particular air gap (10mm). There are two closed loops in an Active Magnetic Bearing; one is an inner loop for current control and other is the outer loop for position control. The inner loop comprises a current controller, power amplifier and an electromagnet coil. Electromagnet coil parameters are measured and calculated practically. Proportional-Integral (PI) controller is used as a current controller. Further, the inner closed loop of an Active Magnetic Bearing is imitated in the numerical computing environment and result exhibits the usefulness of the proposed controller design methodology.

The modelling, simulation and performance comparison of the power system stabilizer (PSS) and interline power flow controller (IPFC) based damping controller to enhance small signal stability (SSS) enhancement have been presented in this paper. For this reason, a linearized HeffronPhillips model of a single machine infinite bus (SMIB) together with PSS and IPFC is considered. The simulation of the above model is carried out with PSS and IPFC to observe the dynamics in rotor speed deviation. Also, the eigenvalue analysis for the above models are presented to demonstrate the superior performance of IPFC. The comparative analysis is performed with the lack of sufficient damping torque and different loading condition using EMTP-RV and MATLAB/Simulink software. It is observed from the analysis that IPFC provides enhanced SSS performance as compare to PSS.

These days Active Magnetic Bearing (AMB) is an exceptionally propelled territory of research and their applications are progressive. Despite the fact that AMBs are very non-linear and open loop unstable framework, the utilization of controllers influences them to work legitimately and stable. Controllers that have been utilizing for AMB are for the most part traditional or, customary one which comprises an issue of tuning as the rotor position get somewhat changed. In this paper, a Fuzzy logic controller (FLC) is imitated in the Fuzzy logic tool of MATLAB to play out the controller activity of the proposed AMB framework. As the situation of the rotor gets changed FLC consequently control the framework which takes out the manual tuning activity when contrasted with the traditional controller. Further, the FLC controlled AMB is observed for stability and the transient response is additionally observed by varying the rotor position from 2mm to 20mm.

This BLDC motor is in high demand nowadays due to its high efficiency and other significant features. As there is no use of brushes, this type of motor is having many advantages like high torque to inertia ratio, high speed, and power density and low cost compared to conventional brushed motors. To achieve more improved motor, it is important to analyse the BLDC motor's performance by varying different types of motor parameters. One of the important parameters is the sensor position or the sensor angle at which the sensor will be placed with the axis of the motor. Sensors sens the rotor position of the motor and send this information to the controller and accordingly, the switching sequence of Inverter is being decided. In this paper how varying the sensor position angle effects on the overall performance of BLDC motor in its no-load condition will be discussed.

Expanding requests for fast, frictionless applications gives AMB an extremely earlier subject of investigations. Because of their nonlinearities and open loop instability, utilization of controller is important to get a steady task of bearing. In this paper, a general mathematical equation is depicted to figure the controller parameters, for this PID controlled closed loop AMB. The transfer function of AMB is itself unsteady with a pole on the right-hand side of the s-plane. Subsequently, PID controller is intended to invalidate the impact of that RHS sided pole of AMB. For that, the P, I and D parameters of the controller which is in a closed loop with AMB and feedback gain is mathematically examined with some assumed values to make the closed loop stable and a general equation is inferred to compute these controller parameters. At long last, utilizing those computed controller parameters values the imitated is performed in MATLAB SIMULINK. Where this closed loop is observed for stability and transient examination is performed to figure transient state parameters like-Peak time, Peak overshoot, Rise time, steady state error and so on.

The high-elevation wind of the troposphere illustrates an unexplored power source that is bigger than the world's present energy needs. High-elevation wind has the biggest energy per square meter contrasted with the greater part of the sustainable power source advancements. Kite energy is the energy system to harness wind energy using parafoil kite from very high-elevation. This paper introduces an analytical investigation of three phase two level full bridge inverter with supercapacitor integration for kite energy framework utilizing real-time equipment setup. The pulse is generated for inverter using TI-C2000 microcontroller through MATLAB Coder. This paper also shows the measured responses of the inverter using DSO. In a full bridge inverter there is a problem of voltage drop between high side and low side. Thus, this paper shows a high side and low side switching circuit to solve this issue utilizing IR2110 switching IC.

This paper describes the analysis and simulation of an electromechanical hovered system which has a coil wounded in the two legs of the actuator and a circular rotor. For a successful design of Active Magnetic Bearing(AMB) system, proper design of actuator is obligatory which controlled all the lifting and hovering force of the process. The magnetic properties of the system fully rely on the coil turns and the actuating current density in the winding. To decide the actuator for the proposed work, magnetic properties are necessary to analyze. In this probed work, inductance for different airgap is analyzed. Magnetic properties such as flux, flux density, magnetic force and field intensity for different airgap between the rotor and actuator are analyzed using ANSYS software base simulating environment. Performance of the magnetic properties with the change in a number of coils turns on the actuator and different current density are investigated for different airgap between the actuator(stator) and the ball rotor.

Due to very intermittent properties of lightning strike and also hazards involved within it, very limited research has been conducted in Lightning energy harnessing area worldwide. However, the lightning causing clouds have very high charge density. So, an experimental study in numerical computational environment has been experimented for measuring the response characteristics of lightning spark to store the energy by real time environmental data collected from various meteorological center. The single stage two level spark generator circuit has been used to simulate the presented system. Also, this paper presents an analytical and experimental response of five level inverter integrated with supercapacitor to store lightning energy within supercapacitor and to convert it into AC voltage for various loads. Through this presented paper an imitated response has been shown of PMSM and Grid Load connected with storage and conversion system.

As lightning energy produces very high voltage and very high current, normal storage devices like batteries, flywheel, normal capacitors cannot handle that huge voltage and current and also they don't have ability to store the energy within the fraction of second, so this experiment shows the viability of supercapacitor as energy storage device integrated with lightning-energy system. All the experiment has been conducted in numerical computing environment to experiment the viability of supercapacitor integrated five level inverter within lightning-energy storage device. The presented paper shows the response of five level inverter connected with various loads as RL Load, Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine Load and Grid. The five level inverter has been integrated with supercapacitive storage to measure the response of inverter with supercapacitor and also to measure the variation in supercapacitor for various load.

The objective of this paper is time response analysis of power amplifiers by using PSIM based software used in the active magnetic bearing system. The coil current for the magnets used in levitation needs to be precisely controlled to meet the attractive force demand. This calls for a fast DC to DC power amplifier that can be controlled in a closed loop fashion. Here, power amplifier is used to convert a fixed dc voltage to an adjustable dc output voltage. Different kinds of power amplifiers are proposed for Active Magnetic Bearing.

In this proposed work an efficient flux weakening control strategy of a four quadrant speed controlled Surface Mounted Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor drive is presented. Permanent magnet synchronous motors are extensively used in light electric vehicle applications because it has large power density, high torque to inertia ratio, lower excitation losses and higher efficiency. In this proposed concept for speed controlled drive PWM current controller and PI speed controller is taken into consideration. For the implementation of such flux weakening control scheme a vector controlled surface mounted PMSM drive is established. It is emphasized that demagnetizing component of the d-axis current is introduced into the stator current. Therefore the proposed approach establishes better dynamic as well as steady state drive performance for high speed and energy efficient light electric vehicle applications. Hence a novel and efficient flux weakening control strategy is achievable.

In this paper the development of a model for self-controlled Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor drive (PMSM) fed from a three phase voltage source bridge inverter which operates under self-control mode with the rotor position information is presented. The rotor position is monitored online via an absolute position encoder and this information is passed on to the inverter controller block for generating switching signals. It is found that with some settings of the position sensor, near-sinusoidal armature phase currents result, which therefore give rise to less torque ripple. The different performance indices of the system like electrical speed, electromagnetic torque, phase voltage, phase current and rotor position are modelled and subsequently simulated for different sensor angle with varying load. Results obtained through such process are compared and analyzed for optimization of sensor angle.

This paper deals with the development of closed loop model of an adjustable speed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) drive fed from a voltage source inverter operating under 180° conduction mode, self synchronized with the rotor position information is represented. An automated closed loop adjustable speed PMSM drive can be achieved by employing a speed controller, to which the information about the reference speed and actual speed should be available. The incorporation of Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) strategy establishes near sinusoidal armature phase currents and comparatively less torque ripples without sacrificing torque/weight ratio. In this closed loop model of PMSM drive, the information about reference speed is provided to a speed controller, to ensure that actual drive speed tracks the reference speed with ideally zero steady state speed error. Design of the speed controller and current controller will be incorporated in order to achieve the desired performance of the closed loop model of PMSM drive accordingly. Therefore classical PI controller is chosen for such a closed loop adjustable speed PMSM drive for the performance optimization.

This paper presents the development of an open loop model of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) drive fed from a 3 phase bridge inverter and operating under self-control mode with the rotor position information. Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSM) are widely used in AC servo drives because of its high torque to inertia ratio, high power density, high efficiency and power factor as compared to other conventional drive motors. The different performance indices of the system like speed, electromagnetic torque, phase voltage, phase current, rotor position etc. have been executed in MATLAB environment.

In this paper an attempt has made for stable suspension of a cylindrical rod under two electromagnets controlling different degrees of freedom movement. The two actuators are controlled independently through two identical controllers and the stable levitation of the rod is achieved through single input and single output (SISO) control of each air-gap corner. The focus is on to design and development of controller unit for two actuators. The proposed single switch based power circuit simplifies the overall hardware and it can be extended to any number of magnet-coil. A cascade lead-lag compensation control scheme utilizing inner current loop and outer position loop has been designed and implemented for stabilization of such highly unstable and strongly non-linear system. The prototype has been successfully tested and stable levitation was demonstrated at the desired operating gap.

In this work FEM based analysis and design of different structure of rail (guide-way) and electromagnetic levitation system (EMLS) has been performed utilizing ANSYS software. Actuator and guide-way are the most important part for magnetic levitation system. Input power to lift power ratio and lift power magnet weight ratio are two major factors for designing actuator and rail in EMLS [1]. These factors are dependent on the magnet dimensions, required gap flux and hence the required current density in the winding The magnet configurations chosen on the basis of required pole-face area and necessary window area to house the excitation coils. There are various magnet and rail geometries; i.e. magnet with I, U and E profiles and various winding arrangements with flat and U-profile rail. A FEM analysis utilizing ANSYS software has done to find out the flux pattern, working flux density, field intensity, force etc. for different single actuator based levitation system at different operating conditions. Different aspects of rail and actuator have been described based on the ANSYS simulation results. The main objective is to propose a suitable configuration of actuator and guide-rail for a specific DC electromagnetic levitation system. The effect of different levitation parameters like size of actuator and rail, current density, no of turns of coil, permeability of magnetic material, winding dimension etc. has been studied and will be included in the final version of the manuscript.