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Continues supply of the microgrid is the main purpose of a power management system. A distinct approach to power generation planning of a stand-alone energy farm that consists of batteries, wind turbines, the PV system, and a diesel generator is presented in this work. At the first, the required energy of the microgrid is supplied by wind and PV systems. In the second phase, energy is supplied by an energy storage system (here batteries). The last priority is to use diesel generators to feed the microgrid in case of emergency. The presented planning considers uncertainties in power generation and aims to increase the reliability of planning and decrease installation costs over the project's lifetime. A Modified discrete harmony search (MDHS) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithms are utilized in the optimization procedure. The system's components are modeled accurately, and the constraints are considered so far as possible. Real data of the load, wind, PV, battery, and diesel generator systems are used to provide a model for facing real-world situations. The charging process of the batteries is modeled realistically and is not modeled ideally. The proposed approach is tested on various operational scenarios to obtain the best results demonstrating the validity and efficiency of the proposed approach.

Ahstract- This paper integrates microgrid expansion planning with generation and transmission planning to study the potential advantage of the grid-connected microgrid in emission reduction. However, incorporation of resource planning is faced several challenges such as competition between power investors, unserved energy, power outage, future load growth uncertainty and environmental issues. One of the most significant challenge of the environmental issues is emission in dirty power systems. According to these challenges, some performance analysis indices are proposed to demonstrate the impact of integrating microgrid and traditional power resources into an electricity grid on emission as well as reliability and total system costs. Therefore, policies are established based on evaluating the performance of microgrid to address the emission challenges. The case studies illustrate to explore the reliability, economic, and emission reduction benefit of microgrid planning by applying proposed model and policy in a coordinated fashion power system planning.

Technology shrinking and increasing design frequencies causes problems like IR drop. There are different types of IR drop issues like “Package-ball to bond-pad drop”, “bond-pad to internal global power ring drop” and “internal local power ring drops”. Optimization equations are developed to minimize trace wire length on package for P/G pads drawing highest current. The cost functions in the optimization target minimized IR drop for the regions of the chip that are switching at maximum speed. By use of our optimizing P/G pad placement, results on the USB TC chip shows an improvement about 28% to 33% in worst IR drop value for different types of power planning strategy.

Two important strategies, electric power and clean energy substitution in energy system, are used to counter the effects of resource and environment limitation. Firstly, establishing a green power market space measurement model which extend the concept of power gap, introduces a dynamic adjustment process into the regional power balance. Secondly, the electric power substitution potential evaluation model with sub-regional and sub-technology categories gives a diversified anticipation of power demand based on the traditional power demand forecasting method. Then considering significant randomness and intermittency brought by high penetration of clean energy access in the future, an improved power planning optimization model is integrated. Finally, the generation and power flow capacity planning for 14th and 15th five-years in China is optimized by the model, providing references to the development of energy and power system.

Power planning is the process of predicting the future load. This paper presents a methodology to evaluate the amount of power supply provided to a region and the power demand of Sundargarh town. The D. Gs sets are surveyed to analyze the reliability of power supply for the projection process by determining the present and past scenario of energy demand and by considering the number of load shedding and whether the energy supplied to the region is sufficient or not through the two medium term and long term methods of load forecasting one is Econometric approach and other is End use approach which includes the statistical information about the customer classes, energy demand and different factors of load forecasting like weather and time factors that are essential basis for projection of future energy demand. From the present and past scenario of load demand a load curve is obtained. Though power supply is not sufficient enough still D. Gs are there to en capsule the power supply to a degree.

The worldwide drive for incorporation of IVSs (Inexhaustible vitality sources) implies that TGD (transmission growth development) must be completed over topographically wide and extensive scale systems under abnormal amounts of vulnerability. This prompts complex combinatorial TGD improvement issues, requiring an enormous measure of IPF (Ideal Power Flow) calculations. In particular, system misfortunes altogether impact TGD arrangements, yet they are frequently neglected because of their computational weight. Given their potential effect on the ideal TGD arrangement, the fundamental center of this paper is to locate a suitable misfortunes model with regards to medium to long haul TGD for extensive scale power frameworks. Keeping the harmony amongst exactness and calculation time is key in such issues. The paper presents two option direct misfortunes models.

This paper proposes a series of new metrics for the power planning assessment of microgrid considering fuel price and technological uncertainty. These metrics include economic indices and price risk indices. At first, an improved economic indices considering fluctuation of future units construction costs and operation costs during the microgrid planning horizon is proposed, in which the price and technological uncertainty is assessed by a stochastic process model based on the Real Option Theory. Then, the energy price risk indices are proposed to evaluate the possible risk of financial loss. Finally, a simulation on an islanded microgrid model shows that, the metrics can assess the uncertainty of fuel price and technological progress in microgird power planning, and support the decision-making for investors, even provide a reference for energy policy making to promote the development of low-carbon electricity.

The aircraft obstacle lights on the power transmission towers, which are located at the places without the utility mains, are powered mainly by solar cells and subordinately by rechargeable batteries. The power supply with solar cells and batteries are configured and coordinated according to the weather conditions. The designed power capacities are to keep the aircraft obstacle lighting system uninterruptable either under the drastic weather variation or a long period of insufficient sunlight. An exemplar case is planned on the basis of the local weather data in recent 6 years. A more economical and precise planning is made for the capacities of solar cells and batteries. The design has demonstrated, through simulations, the feasibility and the accuracy in reality.

The paper proposes an application of an optimization evolutionary technique, improved Differential Evolution, to reactive power planning. This problem could be formulated mathematically as a nonlinear, non smooth, mixed-integer, multi-objective optimization problem. The main objective deals with the minimization of the real power losses that result in a better reactive power dispatch and improving the voltage profile across the system and keeping the control variables in their operational limits. Here we use an approach to deal with discrete variables, Mixed Integer Hybrid Differential Evolution (MIHDE), a modified Differential Evolution algorithm. The proposed approach has been tested in a modified version of two electric networks, the Nordic 32, 60 bus and IEEE 118 bus system.

This work examines the potential value of the U.S. Federal Communications Commission “Katrina order” and discusses benefits and practicality of technology alternatives. The analysis is based on the effects of 2008 hurricanes Dolly, Gustav, and Ike through extensive supportive photographic evidence from on-site surveys. This information is compared with Hurricane Katrina's data. The analysis seems to indicate that the “Katrina Order” may not address some important issues, and that other technical approaches may provide a better solution.

Optimising the placement and sizing of distributed generators into decentralised power networks is receiving increasing research attention. The studies presented thus far, however, do not capitalise on the most contemporary techniques described in the multiobjective optimisation literature. This work illustrates, through both theoretical and empirical analyses, the consequences of this deficiency and provides a tutorial on how best to integrate core multiobjective concepts into the optimisation process. Initial results suggest that such integration may be of significant value to both researchers and design-engineers alike.

With the development of city, the planning of underground power pipelines becomes more and more important. The layout is difficult because pipelines situate underground. They are invisible and related with many factors such as roads, buildings, transformer substations, other pipelines and so on. In order to improve planning efficiencies, a new technique based on virtual reality is presented. Firstly, a virtual scene is constructed according to the existing pipeline and related environment. And the area partition method is introduced to increase rendering speed. So the designer can browse the virtual underground space at their choice. It makes the planning work simple. Then, a planning drawing and a three-dimensional demonstration will be automatically produced on the basis of the planning message. When the technique was applied to power planning of Pudong District in Shanghai, China, it saved planning and lay out time about 20%.

This paper presents the results of a study carried out to estimate the DSM energy saving potential in commercial, and government/institutional sectors of Oman and evaluates its impact on generation capacity, energy and pollutants savings in the main interconnected system. The end-use (lighting and air-conditioning) energy consumption data have been collected in two major segments of the commercial sector for simplicity. The study has found that due to DSM the capacity saving is about 300 MW, the overall energy saving is about 23.7 TWh and CO2 equivalent saving is about 13 million tons for the whole planning horizon. The total avoided cost in generation and capacity saving is about 346 million dollars.

Summary form only given. With the development of economy and society power planning is facing with the influence of much uncertainty, which are mainly fuzzy and stochastic factor. Cloud theory is better method solving fuzzy and stochastic uncertainty. User demand to power is usually stochastic in different time as if it is seemed cloud and uncertain. The paper will discuss load forecasting and planning by cloud theory.

In this paper, we introduce a tile-based approach to power planning at the stage of floorplanning. For a given floorplan solution, an associated tile graph of power density is generated, and the temperature of the floorplan is evaluated tile by tile. In contrast to the direct evaluation from the power consumption of circuit blocks and neglecting the effect of heat diffusion, we take the effect of heat diffusion in a die into consideration. Also, we simplify the computing of temperature by way of a tile graph, which make the heat estimation and thus the power planning in the floorplanning stage possible.

The impact of the integrated services digital network (ISDN) on the development of power planning and engineering guidelines for telecommunications power supplies is considered. The load profile is discussed, and attention is given to ISDN power and transport requirements. Power provisioning in an all-fiber network is also examined. Finally, the goals of power planning with respect to ISDN are addressed. >