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This paper tracks and investigates the SME board of Shenzhen Stock Exchange and some non-listed technology SMEs, and uses OLS models to analyze the impact of two types of external social capital on the three stages of technological innovation. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The more the stocks of relational capital and structural capital are, the more beneficial the innovation of technological SMEs as a whole, except for the impact of relational capital on the market-oriented stage of new products. (2) The impact of relational capital on R& D investment can replace structural capital; the impact of structural capital on patent output can replace relational capital. (3) Both types of capital can effectively promote bank loans, and the relational capital plays a stronger role. And in the impact of two types of capital on patent output, bank loan plays a part of the intermediary effect.

In turbulent business environments, firms are increasingly relying on information technology (IT) to enhance their agility to meet multiple market demands. IT departments then play an important role in maintaining an appropriate balance between explorative and exploitative IT innovation strategies to enable the agility. This study contributes to the information systems (IS) literatures by gaining a broader understanding of how the intellectual capital of IT departments can influence the IT explorative-exploitative innovation strategies, and the impact of these strategies on organizational performance. The empirical data collected from 122 IT managers in Taiwan's manufacturing firms show that human capital positively affects the two innovation strategies, structural capital has significant positive effect only on explorative innovation strategy, relational capital has positive moderating effect on the relationship between human capital and explorative innovation strategy, and both the two innovation strategies positively influence the IT department performance, which in turn facilitates the organization performance.

Based on the questionnaire of science and technology enterprises (Hereinafter referred to as the STEs) in Chongqing, this paper explores the influence of the three dimensions of intellectual capital on the size of the ability of independent innovation, using a structural equation model and multiple linear regression analysis. The results show that human capital, structural capital and relational capital have a significant influence on the ability of independent innovation of science and technology enterprise, in which the human capital has the greatest effect on the ability of independent innovation, and the structural capital has the minimum influence. For enterprises it is practically significant to improve the capability of independent innovation through effective management of intellectual capital.

It is widely considered that relational capital serves as an important factor to foster collaboration in supply chain context. However, current knowledge on relational capital mechanisms which affects firm performance remains unclear. According to resource-based view, this article proposes a model to examine how relational capital affect firm performance through enhancing supply chain agility. In addition, the moderating effects of environmental contexts (i.e. munificence, complexity, and dynamism) are taken into consideration when discussing the relationship between relational capital and supply chain agility. Survey data show that supply chain agility fully mediates the association between relational capital and performance. Meanwhile, different kinds of environmental contexts play various moderating roles. Implications and suggestions for future research are provided.

Knowledge management systems help organizations to track organizational knowledge such as human, structural or relational capital. The relational capital of organizations tends to include intangible factors and, consequently, it is not always possible to determine this value from traditional business oriented accounting systems. The problem addressed in this research is: how to analyze this capital to achieve a network evaluation metric. Thus, answer the question: "What is the value of your network?". This research has been developed in the SNARE ("Social Network Analysis and Reengineering Environment") project that involves engineering artifacts to extract, analyze and monitor the value of social networks. The SNARE-RCO (short for "Relational Capital of Organizations") model allows us to define and evaluate the relational capital of organizations. it combines techniques derived from social network analysis with aspects of organizational assessment, including also human and structural capital. This paper reviews SNARE-RCO's main elements, which are applied to compute the relational capital value of three social networks, namely: (1) Telecommunications operator, (2) School, and (3) Collaborative social platform.

The People's Republic of China has shown strong economic growth rates within the last years, which can in part be attributed to the increasing foundation of startup companies, especially in the IT sector. Due to a lack of familiarity with novel situations, it is difficult for entrepreneurial teams to operate successfully during the first years after starting out. Previous research suggests that high levels of trust within the team can mitigate these difficulties and positively influence the relational capital that in turn is beneficial for the success of startup companies. The present study analyzes influencing variables on the relational capital dimension trust within IT startup companies in China. The results show that the innovativeness of a business idea as well as the business growth potential have a positive impact on trust within the entrepreneurial team, especially if the team consists of Chinese -- as opposed to non-Chinese -- startup founders.

This paper explores effects of business incubator's intellectual capital on knowledge transfer from incubator to incubatees and incubatees' growth using questionnaire survey method. Results are generated by correlation analysis and regression method based on empirical data from incubators of Shanghai, China. The results show that business incubator's human capital has positive correlations with its structural capital, internal relational capital, and external relational capital. Business incubator's structural capital had almost no correlation with its internal relational capital. Business incubator's human capital, structural capital, internal relational capital, and external relational capital positively affects knowledge transfer from incubator to incubatees and actually improve incubatee's growth through the knowledge transfer.

This study explores the relationship between the intellectual capital and audit results based on the domestic ones of top 100 public accounting firms in China. It indicates that intellectual capital is a significant factor in promoting the growth of accounting firms, which mainly depends on the relational capital and human capital. However, the business growth of firms did not wholly reflect the value of intellectual capital, thus, it is pressing to improve the workflow and organizational efficiency as well as to make innovation.

The valuation of a company has moved from the concept of easily valuable and measurable tangible assets, to also consider intangible assets like intellectual capital. For this reason, the analysis of the actual state and evolution of the basic intellectual capital variables inside a company has become a relevant subject; besides, it is now considered a fundamental element in the processes of technological innovation and development, and it can be viewed as a competitive advantage in the human talent management in its innovation capability. This paper approaches an intellectual capital systemic model from the point of view of System Dynamics [1] in order to back a set of strategic decisions towards the achievement of certain goals in an organization. The subsequent objective of this work, not included in this paper, is the application of the obtained model in two particular academic programs of a higher education institution, in order to value its intellectual capital.

The valuation of an organization or company has moved from the concept of tangible assets, easily valuable and measurable, to the inclusion of intangible assets like intellectual capital. For this reason, the analysis and selection of indicators that allow an approach to the valuation of the basic components of intellectual capital within an organization become relevant. Even more, strategic decision making for training processes or even strategic employee appointment in different areas apart from being a fundamental element in the innovation and technical development is also a competitive advantage in human resources management regarding innovation capacity. This paper approaches the selection and systemic construction of the most relevant indicators of intellectual capital basic components.

Business incubators are organizations which provide services for new ventures. Business incubator intellectual capital plays an important role in promoting start-ups growth. This paper put forward a four-category IC model for business incubator that distinguishes between human, structural, internal relationship and external relationship capital. The paper argues that internal relational capital of business incubator refers to relationships between incubator management team and incubatee firms and relationships among incubatee firms within business incubator, external relational capital refers to relationships between business incubator and organizations such as government agencies, universities, professional service organizations outside the incubator. In addition, how to measure business incubator intellectual capital is discussed. Measures of each category intellectual capital of business incubator are proposed.

To explore the relationships among intellectual capital, organization culture; firm performance, 198 Chinese enterprises participated in this investigation. The results indicated that bureaucratic culture positively influenced organization capital, innovative and supportive culture positively influenced human cap-ital, relational capital was affected by supportive culture, and three aspect of intellectual capital had different influence on performance. Implications, limitations and future research directions for the study are discussed.

In knowledge management activities a variety of uncertain factors may lead to knowledge management risk. To construct risk forewarning mechanism which is composed of risk identifying, intelligence monitoring and management action acts a critical point of reducing the possibilities of loss. As the result of risk identifying and the basis of information monitoring the risk forewarning indexes form a connecting link between the preceding and the following in the mechanism. In order to evaluate knowledge management risk effectively the paper analyses the relationship between knowledge management and intellectual capital. Then based on the framework of human capital, structural capital and relational capital the paper puts forwards the evaluating indexes system of knowledge management risk forewarning for knowledge-intensive enterprises. Finally, the paper applies comprehensive fuzzy evaluation method to assess knowledge management risk of a large software development group in P.R. China.

Relational capital represents the informationand knowledge embedded in relationships external to anorganisation. It is about the information flow and sharingbetween the organisation and its external stakeholders.The primary goal of this paper is to report preliminaryfindings collected from 15 Australian non-profit seniorexecutives through qualitative in-depth interviews. Thefindings revealed that the understanding of relationalcapital among the participants, in particular theirperceptions of information flow and sharing, wassubstantially different to that in the literature as put forthby scholars in the field. This paper argues that non-profitorganisations must develop a better understanding of therelational capital concept or may run a risk of underdeveloping their relational capital. Accordingly, the keycontribution of the paper revolves around theparticipants’ relational capital perceptions and theattempts to drive a pivotal attitudinal shift towards a morerealistic balance approach of the development of relationalcapital which, if approached properly, can enable nonprofitorganisations to attain strategic advantage in thelong term.

With the rapid development of intellectual capital studies, it is an indisputable fact that intellectual capital has become an important source of corporate competitiveness. On the basis of the 326 specific questionnaire survey statistics, the impact of the three integral parts of intellectual capital on corporate performance is studied by utilizing Structural Equation Modeling. It is finally verified that relational capital is the most significant factor that impacts on corporate performance, structural capital the second significant one, and human capital the least significant one. Human capital exist its indirect impact on corporate performance through the relational capital and structural capital, rather than direct significant impact on corporate performance. All these three parts have positive impacts on corporate performance.

The synergy of supply chain or its efficiency can be analyzed through the measurement of supply chain synergy, and they can also be improved accordingly and be considered as an indicator of the synergetic capacity of the supply chain. After going through present literatures related to synergy measurement, the supply chain synergy measurement model is put forward on the foundation of the relational capital and interactive learning.At first, the order degree of sub-systems is calculated, synergetic degree of the whole system obtained thereby. Aimed at empirical study on it, the operable index system is established based on the aforesaid model, considering the characteristics of the supply chain synergy, key factors influencing synergy (order parameters) and possibility of data acquiring. The effectiveness and practicality of the index system and the model is checked through the empirical study on the synergy measurement of supply chain in which Sany Heavy Industry Co., Ltd serves as the core enterprise.

The relational capital derived from the supply chain is essential composition of enterprises’ and this kind of business relation between the members in the supply chain can be integrated into connections rent. In this paper, we givs an empirical analysis on both the influencing factors in the supply chain relational capital and the correlation between the relational capital and the supply chain. By presenting a research hypothesis, conducting studying on large sample and confirmatory factor analysis, we analyze relationship between the variables and testing hypothesis through the structural equation model based on available theories and research results. Finally, we sum up the result from empirical analysis, putting forward proposal on how to enhance the relational capital of supply chain in order to supply valuable guidance and advice for domestic enterprises to obtain sustainable competition advantages utilizing supply chain synergy.

The purpose of this paper is to explore the effects of intellectual capital on firm performance. Using data collected from 92 China’s high-tech firms, hypotheses were tested through hierarchical regression analysis. The empirical results of this study show that the three types of intellectual capital – human capital, structural capital, and relational capital – have positive effects on firm performance. Moreover, human capital indirectly influences firm performance through the impacts of structural and relationship capitals.

The purpose of this research is to construct and prioritize the measures of digital capital of real estate websites. Fuzzy analytic hierarchy process is adopted to collect and analyze data. A total of 12 professional agents were selected. According to the results, the digital capital is categorized into three dimensions: Internet relational capital, Internet customer capital, and Internet service capital. The research also develops 12 indicators for digital capital assessment.

Based on Nahapiet and Ghoshal's three dimension of social capital, including the structural, the relational and the cognitive[1], this study examined the relationship between social capital and organizational effectiveness and the interrelations among the three dimensions in the context of high-tech industries. The moderating effects of entrepreneurial orientation were investigated further. A survey was conducted of 148 high-tech ventures, results from structural equation modeling suggest that structural capital and relational capital only have one effect on non-financial or financial performance, while cognitive capital has both two, and the three dimensions of social capital have a complicated interrelation among themselves. Results from multiple regressions indicated the moderating effects of entrepreneurial orientation only exist in some given conditions. Implications and future research directions are proposed.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of relational capital and causal ambiguity on knowledge transfer performance. Regress analysis was used to test the hypotheses in a sample of 97 observations of Taiwanese firms. The findings suggest that firms would achieve a higher degree of knowledge transfer performance if they build up a better relation capital with their partners and if there is less causal ambiguity in the knowledge transfer process. Further, the effect of relational capital on knowledge transfer performance is positively moderated by uncertain imitability. Managerial implications and future research directions are discussed..