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With the increase in the population in metropolitan cities, vehicle density is also increasing. Due to this, vehicle parking has become a common issue in metro cities. This leads to wastage of time in search for parking. Moreover, large energy consumption, long processing time and also environmental pollution are highly concerned issues. Few introduced systems may lack the ability to detect the empty spots for parking. Many concepts and systems are introduced on IoT and cloud-based technology which is an expensive method for data transmission and are mostly dependable on factors such as climatic conditions and network availability. It requires high investment due to involvement of high-end technologies, which may not justify for small scale implementation. To overcome this issue a novel configuration is introduced which is cost effective, user friendly, less human dependent system which has access to real time data.

The point of this paper is to plan and foster a finger impression based train motor getting to framework with a perspective on lessening manual working and to avert unauthorised users. As of late, train commandeer has been on the increment as equipped burglars center around taking vehicles, particularly the pristine ones. This is accomplished with the utilization of a finger impression module, ATMega328P microcontroller and Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) module. Correspondence based train control (CBTC) [8] is a control mechanism which use bidirectional train–ground to operate the trains in a safer manner. Since there is problem in controlling the train via remote operation and its transportability, wireless networks can be incorporated to manage the execution of train control system.For that we used ESP2866 wifi module which is used for uploading the train engine drivers database into the server. However we can avoid this collision and prevent the train from accident by utilizing the impact identification innovation which can be made by ultrasonic sound. This technology is used to detect the obstacle and it gradually slow down the speed of the train by applying the air brake to stop the train before the mishap occurs.

In this work the characteristics of organic solar cell (OSC) containing double grating structures has been studied. The active organic material used in OSC is PH3T:PCBM. The numerical analysis method Finite-Difference Time Domain (FDTD) is employed for design and analysis of the Grating based OSC. Based on the design parameters the structure of the OSC was analysed for double grating structure which helps in light trapping. It is observed that the absorption in active layer is nearly 65% in OSC structure with double grating structure.

In this era of recent times, crime has become an evident way of making people and society under trouble. An increasing crime factor leads to an imbalance in the constituency of a country. In order to analyse and have a response ahead this type of criminal activities, it is necessary to understand the crime patterns. This study imposes one such crime pattern analysis by using crime data obtained from Kaggle open source which in turn used for the prediction of most recently occurring crimes. The major aspect of this project is to estimate which type of crime contributes the most along with time period and location where it has happened. Some machine learning algorithms such as Naive Bayes is implied in this work in order to classify among various crime patterns and the accuracy achieved was comparatively high when compared to pre-composed works.

In Data Science, Clustering is one of the most popular techniques. It has wide potential application in data analysis, market research, pattern recognition, image processing, etc. Spectral Clustering is a clustering algorithm shows improved performance than the conventional clustering algorithms. To handle Social media multimodal data in Event Clustering and for better understanding of the context of the post, Spectral Clustering of Events in Flood Images Based on Multimodal Analysis (SCEFIMA) approach is proposed. This approach makes use of Post’s Image and textual content (Multimodal data) in Clustering the events. Also considering Spatial and Temporal Information in understanding the post. The existing approaches lacks on multimodal analysis in social media data. Use of Multimodal data gives the better understanding of the context of the post in event clustering. In addition to this, Using Multimodal data in Event Clustering significantly boost performance than the existing methods. Detecting and Clustering events from multimodal data in social networks helpful in monitoring events by public organizations and authorities. Also helpful in early planning for preventive measures.

Hearing loss is often associated with poor performance and incident dementia that leads to reduced social engagements, loneliness, and depression. Hearing aids are a solution for hearing loss. Traditional Hearing aids are an electroacoustic device that blocks noise and enhances target sound out of a multi-source mixture. In some cases when the source objects are devices such as mobiles, laptops, or television a higher distortion happens when the traditional hearing aid amplifies the multi-source mixture which leads the wearer unable to extract the exact information conveyed. This paper proposes a smart internet of things based hearing aid which is cost-effective, reliable, and secured. The smart hearing aid compounds the properties of system on- chip property of micro-controllers which allows the user to connect the internet of things based device directly to the hearing aid, therefore, limiting the multi-source mixture. The micro-controller is equipped with an advance digital signal processor that helps in the separation of acoustic sounds and functions more enhanced compared to the traditional ear aids commercially produced.

Face is a very crucial aspect with respect to recognizing as it stands out as a unique feature. The normal human has distinct facial features that can be mapped and remembered. Security and privacy are very important topics given the trend and issues that are being faced by normal people. The face place a crucial aspect in giving out emotions and identification Facial recognition is a very flexible detection method and has the freedom that the subject wouldn't know if he's scanned. The facial features can be systematically analyzed that are common to everyone's face. The distance between the jaw line and the chin, the one between the eyes and nose, position of cheekbones all of these can be taken up as numerical values and analyze these specific features and map it to a person. There are instances where the recognition becomes a tougher due to external factors like variations in poses, emotional variants, non-controllable environmental conditions, ageing etc. In order to understand the techniques in depth and it plays a crucial role in the future of face recognition and its role in privacy and authentication. There are numerous methods that have been constructed and structured and each one has its pros and cons and other important aspects of facial recognition techniques. And we've got the comparative analysis of the available techniques and their advantages and disadvantages. We have put light in to pre-filtering techniques and edge detection methods to optimize the recognition of dicey aspects of a face, the whole idea is to understand the better aspects of the facial recognition with additional techniques that will help the future of this detection mechanism

In this paper, microstrip patch antenna is designed with different geometries on the ground plane to achieve low cross polarization level. Linear shaped Defected ground structure (DGS) and fractal defected ground structure (FDGS) have been used to suppress the cross polarization. A microstrip patch antenna with FDGS is designed with lossy substrate FR-4 at 2.2GHz using Ansoft HFSS simulator. Moreover, it is observed that FDGS shows low XP level of −72dB with good return loss and gain.

In wireless network, a routing protocol named privacy-preserving is used which is used to cover-up the actual communication-pair by utilizing the additional traffic. The introduction of dummy traffic is done heuristically that it cannot assure to the latency, transmission cost, etc., in the network topology are optimized. Here, the task is to develop a novel based approach called Optimal Privacy-Preserving Enhancing Routing Algorithm (OPERA) for privacy-preserving and examines the privacy utility problem for wireless networks. In order to implement privacy, we use the statistical decision-making framework called as OPERA. We will use the Bayesian Maximum-a-Posteriori (MAP) which considers the both loosy and looseless observations. We will be solving the privacy-utility tradeoff problem, that can be efficiently solved as a linear program. The simulation that uses OPERA algorithm reduces the probability of adversary detection for up to 5 times compared to baseline schema. OPERA can also perform the theoretic, conventional information and mutual information approach.

Identification of breast cancer plays a major role in medical field nowadays. Women are facing different types of cancer and one among them is breast cancer which has severe impact. Breast cancer is of two types i.e. Malign or Benign type. Benign is given as a non-curable type of cancer and Malign is given as curable type of cancer. Breast cancer is symbolized by the modification of genes, persistent pain, changes in the measurement, change in shade(redness),skin appearance of breasts. In the early days of identifying breast cancer is done by using different algorithms namely Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm,K Nearest Neighbor (KNN) algorithm, MLP algorithm, etc., By using these algorithms the accuracy of detecting the cancer is not met the extend. Our idea is to detect the breast cancer using Decision Tree algorithm. The decision tree algorithm comes under the supervised learning technique. Our idea is to detect the breast cancer using Decision Tree algorithm. The tree algorithm comes under the supervised learning technique. The main advantage of this decision tree algorithm is identifying whether the predicted cancer is either malign or benign type by producing an 99% accuracy.

Considering security as a potential disadvantage to an e-wallet application, we propose a three level of security screening in order to login to the application. This application will help to secure the wallet from the hackers.Anumeric passcode, which will only be known by the user. After the passcode has been successfully validated, a fingerprint recognition will be prompted for the user. On successful validation of the user’s fingerprint pattern, the user’s fingerprint pattern, the user will be prompted for the ‘face login’, which they might have already provided while registering on the application. If and only if the user has provided the required security information correctly will be available for use. In case, the user provides an incorrect information in any of the 3 levels of security logins, an alert will be generated and sent to the user’s registered e-mail id. Then the user will be alerted if any one tries to access his/her account. A ‘twoway handshake’ acknowledgement connection will be set between the user and the payment recipient/store in the form of an OTP. Once the user initiates a transaction, an OTP will be sent to both the user and the recipient. Only if the recipient acknowledges the receipt of the OTP, the transaction will be completed. Near field communication technique, such as a ‘QR’ code verification can also be used to make a payment, when the user Is on store purchase.

Detection of fake votes is a major problem in current voting system. Traditionally, Electronic voting machines have been developed to improve the reliability of the electoral process. Generally EVM’s requires more manpower. Some of the recent technologies have been contributed much to improve the Election process with different voting concepts. But still there is a difficulty in detecting the fake votes. In this article we examine the various concepts to achieve transparency over the database and also explores various key challenges in digital voting.

The need for cloud computing is gradually increasing day by day. The cloud computing security is the major difficulty. Since the data in the cloud has to be transferred through internet, the security of data becomes a major concern. The key mechanisms for data protections like integrity, accountability, privacy, access control, authentication, authorization must be maintained. Blockchain is a technology which makes cloud computing better. Blockchain overcomes the security issues in cloud computing. This survey aims at analyzing and comparing various issues in the cloud environment and security issues using blockchain.

The elimination of blur due to camera shake and motion of the scene is been considered as a research topic in Image processing. An algorithm can be used to reduce the blur, which is capable of grouping many images, in that images less blurred image from each frame can be preferred through a weighted average in the Fourier Transform. The algorithm is simple to implement and very easy to define theoretically. To reduce the computation, complexity and to improve the quality of the image various algorithm has been proposed, which ultimately focuses on removal of blur. Irregular illumination can introduce severe distortions in the resulting images, decreasing the visibility of anatomical structures and consequently demoting the performance of the automated segmentation of these structures. There are several operators for example Prewitt, Sobel, Roberts, Canny edge detector are available, in which a mask is used as a template, that can be used to detect the edge pixels. There are Various methods and algorithms such as CNN, Morphological operations that are used to overcome this blur removal problem. As a result, it can be reduced and detected for several image issues. Among the operators Canny edge detector serves to be the best and for Blur correction Morphological operations has proven to be the classic one.

Currently angiogram is the golden standard methodology used for evaluating coronary artery disease (CAD). CAD helps the physician to assess percentage of stenosis or block in blood vessel. The density of the contrast agent that passes through blood is different along the blood vessel. So to calculate the density variation, a quantitative method is used. This helps to determine the percentage of stenosis. Frames of images are extracted from the angiogram and Region of Interest (ROI) are segmented from each frame. Length and diameter of segmented blood vessel is calculated. Neural network classifier is used for determining stenosis percentage based on statistical parameters. Also the dye density along the blood vessel is calculated using volume information. The severity of stenosis is determined based on the density of dye at different blood vessel segments.

In large scale industries, robot play a vital role in doing, multitask functions. Cleaning robot is a part of the industrial applications. Path planning for cleaning purpose is found to be one of the major challenges of these robots, as obstacles present in the path may cause damage to them. Hence, in this research, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) based obstacle detection algorithm is proposed to determine the path for cleaning robot. A grid based scenario with both static and mobile obstacles are considered to determine the path. The proposed work is simulated in MATLAB 2013b. From the results obtained it is inferred that the algorithm is validated for both cluttered and uncertainty environment, which enable to bypass the obstacles. It also ensures that the destination is attained by selecting the path without the obstacles.

Food wastage is a huge problem arising in today's world. It has become a serious issue in our society in the last years that affects “poor and rich countries” equally and according to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) almost half of all produced food will never be consumed. By wasting food we also waste the “time and energy” that we have used to produce the food and as well our “natural resources” and the “limited available agricultural land” will be used up which could be handled in a much better and sustainable way. Additionally, waste has a strong financial impact and affects the environment including the overall greenhouse gas emission. To avoid all such situations we are going to implement IOT Based Smart Garbage and Waste Collection bins (SGWC). Our paper idea is based on creating a social awareness to reduce food wastage through measuring and displaying the amount of food wasted and recycling the wasted food using embedded systems. The Food waste disposal machine (FWDM) used here recycles the wasted food to make fertilizer at planting.

Educational institutions trying to find the ways to handle their resources in a efficient manner. It is discussed in the following content that cloud computing is find to be the solution for that problem. Since cloud computing helps the Educational establishments to manage their resources in an cost efficient manner. Educational institutions are highly benefited by cloud computing. Cloud computing is evolving as a desirable technology at present. Cloud computing relies on number of current technologies such as Internet, virtualisation, grid computing, Web services etc. Cloud computing also has some concerns which prevent some organisations using it.

Fire usually causes serious hazards. Therefore, to prevent catastrophes that occur in industries, buildings, and forest areas, image based fire detection has become an important issue. Especially, if the combustion at initial stage could be detected immediately, the vandalism would be reduced to a greater extent. In this proposed system, first image pre-processing is done and segmented, which includes edge detection and thresholding methods. Histogram of Oriented Gradient (HOG) algorithm and Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) algorithm are used for extracting the features. Support Vector Machines (SVMs), an algorithm that is used for classification. After image processing section, detected fire level is given as input to the micro-controller unit and LCD displays the fire level like normal, mild or severe, and also a message will be sent to the concerned person. And if the fire level is mild or severe, then it is alerted by using a buzzer. Thus, the system reduces life loss and also provides detection of fire at the initial stage in several areas.

Analysis of blood substances such as glucose, hemoglobin, protein, etc. are important parameters for health condition monitoring. The method proposed here uses a couple of photo-plethysmo-graphic (PPG) signal obtained from finger by using two monochromatic light at 660nm (Red) and 940nm (IR) to measure hemoglobin non-invasively. An empirical equation for the calculation of hemoglobin content in blood is used here with well-known extinction coefficient of hemoglobin. Non-invasive measurement is much more interesting by its evident advantages such as real time monitoring. The hemoglobin is measured non-invasively and compared with the values from Massimo device. This investigation helps to rule out the diseases like anemia (low Hb level) and polycythemia (high Hb level).

In our project, our intention is to create a voice and speech recognition system in smart phones that recognizes voice and captures the speech data in Tamil and stores and converts the captured speech as text in Tamil language itself. This can be used in voice dialing, sending SMS by saying out the message and the captured message is sent to the recipient in Tamil. There has not been much consideration for Tamil language to be used in voice and speech recognition in smart phones. For native users Tamil voice recognitions and speech would provide more flexibility in smart phone experience. Also people who have only been used to their native language Tamil, would feel easier to use the speech recognition system in their smart phones if provided in Tamil. There will be no more difficulty in usage of phones for local users and there is no need for any learning to use the smart phone. Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) system have achieved a great success in many applications. Among them, Template Matching techniques like Dynamic Time Warping (DTW), Statistical Pattern Matching techniques such as Hidden Markov Model (HMM) and Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM), Machine Learning techniques such as Neural Networks (NN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Decision Trees (DT) are most popular. For this system, highest word recognition accuracy is achieved with HMM technique. It offered 100% accuracy during training process and approximately 98% for testing process.

Mobile voting system is used to cast their votes in secure manner. Previously the votes were casted through the traditional methods of polling booths, punch cards, lever voting, optical voting machine, which are now replaced through some electronic mediums. All of these consumes more time to cast their votes. The proposed system are developed to select their candidate through smart phone application. This process consists of three steps: online registration of voter, vote casting of voter and display of results, through the concept of SMS (short messaging service). It provides more efficiency for voters to cast their vote from anywhere, at any time through internet. The important aspect of this is to provide more security till the core, since every vote counts and each of the votes are to be remained confidential. This prevents voters to cast their vote more than once with the use of OTP (one time password) for every sign in and login. It also reduces the paper work and eliminates the manual counting process. Here the security is provided through the RSA encryption algorithm.

Borosilicate (BSG), Phosphosilicate (PSG) and Borophosphosilicate (BPSG) films were deposited using TEOS by low pressure chemical vapor deposition. The effect of dopant gases PH 3 and B 2 H 6 on properties of the films were studied by varying their flow rates from 0 to 25 sccm keeping the temperature, pressure, TEOS bubbler conditions and deposition duration constant. Deviations in the deposition rate, surface roughness and stress were investigated taking TEOS SiO2 films as the reference. It can be seen that both the dopant gases affect the deposition rates of the films deposited with a more pronounced effect in the case of PH3. Stress and surface roughness of the deposited PSG, BSG and BPSG films were lower than that of SiO2 films deposited using TEOS.

This paper proffers an application in order to expedite easy and innate way to find the medicine for the visually impaired people and to take it according to their Doctor's prescription. Visually impaired people need not be dependent and seek others help to find the medicine to be taken. This android application is used to overcome the difficulties they face in this scenario. In this application, a reminder is set which tells the user when to take the medicines, as voice output. The pictures of the medicine strip held in the hand are captured by the inbuilt camera of the mobile. The image is processed and consequently text localization and extraction is done by which the name of the medicine is identified. A spotter section is also consolidated with this application which checks the prescription which has been already uploaded in the user's mobile, compares with the name of the medicine identified and if the medicine has to be taken at that time, then it tells the quantity of medicine to be taken to the user as voice output. On receiving the voice output from the mobile, the user intakes their medicines according to their prescription. It can also be useful for uneducated people who suffer to find which medicine must be taken. Especially elder people who are not educated usually suffer to read their medicine names on their own. This idea would achieve good results in practice.

Rhipicephalus sanguineus is a brown dog tick that transmits rickettsial infection between dogs and man. It can be prevented by using ectoparasiticides generally acting through acetylcholinesterase inhibiting mechanism which is responsible for the catalysis of acetylcholine neurotransmitter. To overcome the toxic effects produced by synthetic ectoparasticides, new in silico approaches were carried out using the active principles from the custard apple. Custard apple is a small tree cultivated throughout India with various medicinal properties. A novel docking study was performed using the active ingredients present in the leaves of the custard apple. The dock scores were analysed and the best active ingredient-target interactions were identified. The active principle Norcorydine gives good docking scores with Acetylcholinesterase. Hence the present study projects the positive role of custard apple in the synthesis of bio-insecticides for the control of ectoparasites.

Oral cancer is a type of cancer which targets mouth and surrounding tissues. It includes, lips, cheeks, tongue, sinuses, throat. Oral cancer could be life threatening, if not diagnosed in early stages. American Cancer Society says that men are at more risk than women. Oral cancer can be treated like any other cancers. But still the efficacy of the drugs is questionable. Hence, an attempt was tried to find the suitable inhibitors for the treatment of oral cancer using bioactive principles of Cissus quadrangularis, targeting SIRT3, P21 and P53. The Resveratol in Cissus quadrangularis has showed very good interaction with two target proteins involved in oral cancer viz., SIRT3 and P21. Resveratol also has very good pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties. This study concludes that Resveratol in Cissus quadrangularis has the potential to serve as an anticancerous drug. However, the results might be validated through in-vivo and in-vitro studies to prove the efficacy of the active compounds and to protect the mankind from oral cancer.

As the characteristic dimension shrinks to the nanometer scale, Multiplication unit in modern processors will become increasingly vulnerable in consuming much power and area. Existing logical optimization for placement and routing approaches in multiplication unit primarily focus on reducing the overhead and power consumption of FPGA's. However, our analysis shows that, the proposed method plays an important role and should be taken into consideration in optimizing the time taken for placement and routing process than the conventional approach. In this work, the proposed a Graph-based analysis algorithm efficiently and accurately reduce area overhead and power consumption of FPGA's. Based on such a model, we propose a novel reliability-oriented logical optimization for placement and routing resources which helps to enhance system-level robustness against area overhead and power consumption. The proposed techniques will be implemented and validated in high end Virtex-6 low power FPGA's of 45nm technology. Experimental results show that, the proposed approach outperforms existing approach in terms of area and power, compared with the baseline versatile place and route technique, the proposed scheme can reduce the area overhead by 20.73%, and decrease the power consumption by 39.44%. The proposed method is analyzed in ISCAS-85-Circuit6288 gives promising option for less overhead and low power application for designing Multiplication unit high end Processors.

DNA cryptography is a new area of research in cryptographic field. In this DNA component is used as the information carrier. Most of the encryption techniques based on the cellular automata have limitations. To overcome this lacuna, we propose a novel DNA cryptography algorithm with cellular automata to achieve randomness, parallelism, uniformity, reversibility and stable. Finally a comparison is made with the research works based on the cryptographic attack parameter.

In the present paper, we propose a new method for detecting texts in image and video frames. Initially, texture features are extracted using wavelet transform. Further, local binary fitting energy is introduced to obtain local image intensity information. In addition to that variational level set function is integrated to detect an accurate boundary of the texts present in images/video frames. The proposed method is able to detect a region of text with high complexity as well low intensity texts and also detects a text region in varying background. Experiment is conducted on ICDAR datasets and 101 video images dataset. Performance comparison shows that the proposed method exhibits better results in terms of computational efficiency and accuracy.

Wireless Sensor Networks consists of multi detection stations called sensor nodes, which are small, less weight and portable. They are spatially dispersed for monitoring the environmental conditions and to coordinate the activities systematically. Energy limitation is the fundamental drawback in network lifetime. Here, we propose two routing approaches for transmission of data packets in wireless sensor networks. The data packets are routed either through the established route with the help of relay nodes which act as an intermediate nodes or routed through high energy based clusters to reach the destination. Our work includes fault node recovery mechanisms under both the scenarios. The results obtained with the help of NS-2 simulation software concludes that High energy clusters based routing approach outperforms Relay nodes based routing by taking delivery rate, delay and overhead as parameter metrics into consideration.

In this paper, a novel approach based on Feedback Active Noise Control with Virtual sensing has been proposed to reduce the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) noise for infants in incubator. In NICU, the noise is due to infant monitoring medical equipments located in the vicinity of incubators. To address this, the algorithms in the literature are based on feedforward approach which requires a good reference to achieve effective attenuation. In an NICU environment, these algorithms require more than one reference microphone, which increases the complexity of the algorithm. This is eliminated by the proposed Feedback Active Noise Control approach as it generates its own reference from the error signal. The baby's ears must fall in the zone of silence (ZOS) to ensure noise reduction at its ears. But the volume of ZOS is inversely proportional to noise frequency and for frequencies above 1 KHz the ZOS is less than an inch. This constraint is overcome by the virtual sensing technique, which focuses the ZOS at baby's ears. The algorithm is evaluated with noise record from Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and it has resulted in 7dB more reduction at the baby's ears compared to existing algorithms.