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Winding inductance is a crucial parameter of machines, which plays an essential role in flux-weakening capability, reluctance torque, power factor, etc. In this article, winding inductance characteristics of flux-switching permanent magnet (FSPM) machines are investigated from the perspective of air-gap modulation magnetic field. With the aid of the general air-gap field modulation theory, the air-gap magnetic field contributed by an arbitrary energized winding of FSPM machines is modeled and analyzed. Then, an analytical expression of winding inductance is derived based on winding function and single-phase magnetic field, through which the relationship between winding inductance and single-phase magnetic field harmonics is unveiled. It is found that the direct current (dc) and 2nd harmonic components of winding inductances in FSPM machines are caused by the dc and 2nd time-harmonic components of primitive harmonics, respectively, which are essentially different from that of traditional interior permanent magnet or reluctance machines. Finally, experiments on a prototype three-phase 12/10 FSPM machine are conducted to verify the theoretical analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the emergence of electric vehicles and electric aircraft technologies, lightweight motors have become a requirement. Conventional motors are generally made up of coils, permanent magnets, heavy iron stators, and rotor cores. This article presents complete analytical modeling and design of a novel coreless multi-phase magnetic resonant motor (MMRM), conceptualized through the approach of magnetic resonance coupling. The removal of magnetic iron cores drastically reduces the weight of the resulting motor. The stator and rotor cores of the motor are made of reinforced plastic fibers and can be 3-D printed. Unrelated to the general operating principle of the existing conventional electric motors, resonant wireless power transfer (WPT) is the key feature of these motors. All the essential machine characteristics, such as self-inductance, mutual inductance, torque, and frequency domains, are fully developed. The mathematical modeling of the machine’s physical phenomena is linked to its operation by simulation. This article shows the design concept and discusses the simulation procedure used to verify the developed analytical model through a finite-element analysis (FEA) from the established modeling topology equivalent to the proposed configuration motor model. Although the design is straightforward, an accurate analytical modeling and analysis are significant challenges to consider. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents inductance characteristics analysis of the consequent-pole permanent magnet in-wheel motor (CPM). Considering the specialty of consequent-pole structure, this paper analyzes the change rule of the winding self-inductance via equivalent magnetic circuit method (EMCM). The corresponding equivalent resistance is directly given when the rotor is in different positions. Based on this, equivalent magnetic circuit (EMC) that reflects the inductance of the CPM is summarized in this paper. In order to analyze the difference and connection of the inductance among the CPM, two models with 36 slots 32 poles and 48 slots 40 poles are established and compared. Moreover, the Fourier analysis expression of winding self-inductance is deduced to prove the different periodicities of winding self-inductance between two motors. The experimental result is consistent with the theoretical analysis, and the conclusion effectively proves the close relationship between the inductance characteristics and its internal structure of the motor.

This work presents a class of micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS)-driven radio frequency filters in the X-band. The X-band center frequencies are achieved by resorting to the third-order antisymmetric Lamb wave mode (A3) in a 650-nm-thick Z-cut lithium niobate thin film. A novel bandwidth (BW) widening technique based on using the self-inductance of the top interdigital transducers and bus lines is proposed to overcome the limitations set by the electromechanical coupling (${k} _{t}^{2}$) and satisfy the demands in miniaturization and wide BW. Four different designs of the filters are designed and fabricated to show the trade-off among BW, insertions loss (IL), out-of-band rejections, and footprint. Due to the spurious-free and high- ${Q}$ performance of the A3 lithium niobate resonators, the fabricated A3 lithium niobate filters have demonstrated small in-band ripples and sharp roll-offs. One of these fabricated has demonstrated a 3-dB BW of 190 MHz, an IL of 1.5 dB, and a compact footprint of 0.56 mm2. Another design is fabricated to demonstrate a 3-dB BW of 170 MHz, an IL of 2.5 dB, an out-of-band rejection of 28 dB, and a compact footprint of 1 mm2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article proposes an analytical model that provides accurate self-inductance and mutual inductance calculations for two mutually coupled rectangular, planar, and spiral coils with an air core, which are equal and parallel, including the possibility of a lateral misalignment. Both single- and double-layered coil geometries were modeled by considering an arbitrary number of turns with a circular cross section per layer. The model equations, which can be readily implemented in software, are the results of a systematic approach that starts from the equations for the self-inductance of a wire and the mutual inductance of two parallel and misaligned wires that lie on the same plane. Accuracy is guaranteed by considering all the magnetic interactions among the individual turns in the two coils, while the simplifications involve only the calculations made at the corners of the coils. The model was validated by taking as reference experimental measurements carried out on a rectangular and a square magnetic coupler. A second analytical model, based on equivalent single-turn coils, was also tested for comparison purposes. The validation was extended with finite-element analysis tools by considering a wide range of coil side lengths, air gaps, number of turns, and lateral misalignments. The proposed model can, therefore, be regarded as a reliable tool to aid in the design of rectangular-shaped air-core magnetic couplers with applications in the contactless transfer power that are not necessarily limited to vehicle electrification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the torque production and the torque ripple reduction of a six-stator/seven-rotor-pole (6/7) variable flux reluctance machine (VFRM). As a main advantage, the 6/7 VFRM produces higher torque density, but less torque ripple compared with the 6/4 VFRM. The instantaneous torque equation of the 6/7 VFRM is derived by considering the spectra of the winding inductance and current. Based on the derived equation, the average torque is found to be mainly produced by the mutual inductance between the field and armature windings. The even-order harmonics of self-inductance and odd-order harmonics in mutual inductance between the field and armature windings are eliminated due to the opposite polarity connection of the armature coils in each phase. This results in the elimination of the third harmonic torque ripple, while a multiple of the sixth harmonic torque ripple exists. In order to mitigate the sixth harmonic torque ripple, the harmonic current injection method is implemented into the field winding. The field harmonic current is calculated from the analytical torque ripple equation. The performance of the proposed methods is verified by both finite element analysis (FEA) and experiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-power rating three-phase squirrel cage induction motors (SCIMs) may be equipped with sleeve bearings (SBs). Oil-whirl fault (OWF) is an important fault mode of the SBs, which can lead to their serious damage. On-line condition monitoring is recommended to detect possible incipient OWFs in the SBs before total failure of them and catastrophic stop of the machine. The OWF usually happens only in one of the motor SBs and introduces time-variant mixed radial–axial asymmetry to the air gap distribution. To study the SCIM performance under the OWF in one of its SBs, this paper proposes an analytical modeling and simulation approach. Multiple coupled circuit modeling along with the 2-D modified winding function theory is used for this purpose. The modeling and simulation results show novel harmonic components in the stator line currents, as well as the self-inductances of the stator windings due to the fault. The latter harmonics can be used as indices for diagnosing the bearing OWFs as well. Regarding the sensitivity to the fault severity and robustness against the load level change and the mains voltage unbalance degree change, simulation-based studies are used to determine the most appropriate inductance harmonic as the OWF index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The self-inductance of doubly salient electromagnetic motor (DSEM) varies with the rotor position; it is an effective approach to rotor position in the DSEM driving system. With knowing the initial rotor position by the conventional method, this paper proposes a novel sensorless startup method, which is based on the feature that there must be a change in the magnitude relation of two proper phase self-inductances when the rotor goes from one sector to the other. Accurate and quick estimation of rotor sector is achieved with only one test injection pulse required, and the injected test pulse will not produce negative torque unless the rotor passes the commutation instants. Compared to the conventional sensorless startup strategies, the proposed method owns advantages in commutation accuracy and output torque. The experiments on a 12/8-pole DSEM validate the correctness and feasibility of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A near-field communication (NFC) dual-loop antenna with a miniaturized size of 15\,\, \text mm \times 25 \,\,\text mm is initially proposed for full metal-cover smartphone applications. To achieve a small clearance zone on the metal cover, a small rectangular slot of size 8 \,\,\text mm \times 16\,\, \text mm is loaded into the metal cover. To allow good inductive coupling, the NFC antenna is only 0.37 mm beneath the center of the rectangular slot. Because of that, the direction of the eddy current induced on the metal cover will be the same as the dual-loop NFC antenna. It is noteworthy that the prototype NFC antenna integrated with a single rectangular slot loaded full metal cover was certified by the Europay, MasterCard, and Visa test. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A spin current can be produced and converted into a charge current in a single ferromagnetic material layer. Such an effect is called self-induced spin pumping. It is usually ignored in the bilayer structures. However, it is very important in application of the single layer structure. In this paper, the inverse spin Hall effect (ISHE) induced voltage in a series of single layered cobalt (Co) thin films with various thicknesses is investigated. The Co thin films are prepared by the magnetron sputtering system. The quantitative analysis of charge current density ( jc) , effective magnetization ( 4\pi M\mathrm{eff}) , and damping constant ( \alpha ) is obtained by analyzing the ISHE and ferromagnetic resonance data. Both the charge current and damping constant are thickness-dependent. The calculated values of j_{c} have a linear dependence on ({1}/{\alpha }^{2})$ , consistent with the theory of spin pumping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An improved model for calculating the current distribution of salient pole synchronous machines with internal faults in the stator winding is established using the multiloop method. For this purpose, good knowledge of the time-depending inductances is necessary. In this paper, a calculation method is presented to determine the inductances of a salient pole synchronous machine based on the voltage equation of a single coil in the stator winding, in particular, the mutual- and self-inductances of the stator coils, the mutual inductances between the stator coils and the field winding, the self-inductance of the field winding, the mutual inductance between the stator coils and the damper loops, the mutual inductance between the field winding and the damper loops, as well as the mutual inductance between the damper loops. The method presented here considers the analytical calculation of the magnetic flux density based on the magnetomotive force and the time-depending air-gap permeance function of the salient pole synchronous machine. The analytical approach has been validated with the finite-element method and experimental results for two different salient pole synchronous motors. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper first analyzes the current paths on a planar busbar based on insulated-gate bipolar transistor bridge switching states and dc-link capacitor configurations. The busbar's circuit models which include both self- and mutual inductances are developed based on the identified current paths. The inductance circuit models are analyzed and reduced for different switching states, transition states, and dc-link capacitor configurations. Inductance and current sharing is analyzed based on circuit theory. Both simulations and measurements are conducted to verify the developed technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The position-sensorless control methods of dc+ac stator fed doubly salient electromagnetic motor (DSFDSEM) covered full speed range are presented in this paper. To implement these methods, the following procedures are done. First, the series self-inductance area difference method, in consideration of cogging torque produced by field current, is adopted for identifying the initial position. Second, the current pulse injection technique in the commutation point is proposed to detect the commutation moment at low speed. Finally, the terminal voltages are considered as vectors with a fixed phase difference, and the composed vector is rotated with varying rotor positions; the commutation point can be obtained by coordinate transformation of three terminal voltages at high speed. The filter with a low cutoff frequency is not required in this method. Moreover, the smooth-switch technology between startup and high-speed operations is researched to prevent the out-of-step fault. The sensorless control of a DSFDSEM from startup at standstill to high-speed operation can be easily implemented by the aforementioned methods. No additional hardware or complex computation is required. A 12/8 DSFDSEM prototype is built and tested to verify the feasibility of the proposed sensorless schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The difference of the partial self-inductance of a single conductor is determined between two extremes of the frequency range: at dc and at HF (infinite frequency). They are first calculated separately for a finite large length. Both contain the same logarithm(length) singularity, but this disappears in their difference, which only involves the logarithm of the ratio of the equivalent radius and the geometrical mean distance. We have applied this to some common conductor cross sections: circle, ellipse, rectangle, and diamond and to the limit of zero thickness of these cross sections. In the latter case, a general expression is derived. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper performs the inductance and phase coupling analysis of a tubular permanent magnet machine with transverse flux configuration for electromagnetic launch (EML) applications. Self-inductance and mutual inductance are calculated by employing a frozen permeability finite element technique, and the results are validated by measurement on a prototype machine. The analysis of phase coupling problem is then undertaken, and it has been shown that the tubular transverse flux machine has the merit of magnetic decoupling between phases, and thus shows a brilliant prospect in EML applications. The influence of armature reaction on the inductance is also investigated, and it indicates that at higher current, the inductance fluctuates once instead of twice within one electrical cycle, which is quite different from that in conventional machines. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This letter suggests a large air-gap bidirectional wireless power transfer charger for electric vehicle. It is controlled by pulse width modulation with a self-resonant frequency formed by self-inductance and resonant capacitor so that constant frequency operation can be accomplished under large air-gap without additional current chopper. The feasibility of the proposed method has been verified with a 6.6-kW prototype with air-gap of 12-20 cm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we present a novel approach for efficient calculation of the inductance of an arbitrary shaped coil with circular cross section using finite element method coupled with an analytical method. To reduce the simulation time and the memory requirement, the surface current model (SCM) instead of the volume current model (VCM) for the conductor modeling is used. According to the magnetic energy formulation and Ampere’s law, a geometry factor to determine the equivalent height of the SCM for the self-inductance is obtained numerically. To calculate the mutual inductances, further two factors for determining the equivalent distances between adjacent windings are evaluated. Finally, the accuracy and the computational cost of this approach compared with the VCM are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

An optimum electromagnetic design of a nonsalient magnetic-cored superconducting synchronous machine (SSM) is presented in this paper. First, self- and mutual inductances of a nonsalient magnetic-cored SSM are calculated using the magnetic energy method and analytical equations of magnetic vector potential. Then, a design approach for an SSM machine is proposed based on the inductances of the machine. An optimal design is finally performed using a genetic algorithm, considering the machine efficiency as an objective function. The finite-element method is utilized in each step to verify the analytical results. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The dependence of self-inductance and mutual inductance on bonding wire (BW) geometric profile has been studied in several papers. This paper will present a method using a BW-geometric-profile-dependent term to include this dependence in a simple model of BWs. The model element values will be calculated only from geometric dimensions. An experimental structure of two BWs in parallel planes has been fabricated based upon glass substrate technique for verification. A good agreement was obtained up to 8 GHz in comparison to electromagnetic simulation and measurement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conventional capacitance-type liquid level sensor consists of an insulated solid metallic rod electrode immersed in the liquid contained in a metallic storage tank, or two such identical electrodes in a nonmetallic storage tank. Such metallic rods may suffer from the self-inductance effect which varies nonlinearly with the level. In this paper, we present a modified capacitance-type level sensor in which effect of self-inductance of the metallic rod has been eliminated. The theoretical equations describing the operation of the sensor are derived. The sensor is designed and tested experimentally and is found to follow the theoretical equations. The experimental results are also presented. A very good linearity of the sensor is observed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The monitoring of airgap eccentricity for induction motors is important for guaranteeing motor reliability, since eccentricity can eventually lead to motor failure due to stator–rotor contact. However, there are many limitations to applying existing test methods such as the motor current signature analysis in the field, particularly for variable frequency applications. In this paper, a new inverter-embedded test approach for detecting eccentricity for induction motors is proposed. The main concept is to use the inverter to perform a standstill test whenever the motor is stopped, to extract information on motor eccentricity. The motor is excited with a low-frequency pulsating ac field superimposed on different levels of dc fields, and the variation in the differential inductance pattern due to the change in the degree of magnetic saturation caused by eccentricity is observed. An experimental study on a 7.5-Hp induction motor under controlled eccentricity conditions verifies that the sensitivity of eccentricity detection can be significantly improved compared with existing methods. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this paper, an improvement for calculating the self-inductance of circular coils of rectangular cross section is presented. An integral of elementary functions is applied to replace the Bessel and Struve functions in the integrand of the inductance expression, and the term of improper integral without the exponential factor is solved to a closed form which consists of the complete elliptic integrals of the first and second kind and generalized hypergeometric functions. Due to this method, the main difficulties of the numerical evaluations of the inductance expression are overcome. Excellent agreement with published method is confirmed by the numerical comparisons and the calculations can be accelerated to several tens to hundreds of times depending on the shape factors of the coils. Similar expressions of the special cases (thin-wall solenoids and disk coils) are also given and compared with previous methods. Furthermore, the asymptotic behaviors of the special coils which tend to be a circular ring are obtained and numerically validated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Superconducting racetrack coils are used for magnetic levitation, magnetic resonance imaging, etc. When using racetrack coils, it is important to determine the coil characteristics (the resistance, self-inductance, mutual inductance, and distributed capacity of the coil). It is difficult to analyze the racetrack coil that has straight and semicircle parts. Therefore, the analytical solution of this coil has not been obtained yet. In this paper, we derive the analytical solution of the magnetic field of a single-layer racetrack coil based on the magnetic field of the one-turn racetrack coil. In addition, the analytical solution of the self-inductance is derived on the basis of this theory. The validity of this theory is confirmed by comparing measured self-inductance values with the calculated values. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Some intriguing advantages of permanent-magnet linear synchronous machines (PMLSMs), such as simple structure, high thrust, high efficiency, ease of maintenance, and controller feedback, make it possible to take the place of steam catapults in the future. The conventional PMLSM is renowned for its simple structure and high efficiency, whereby the high reactive power resulted from great leakage inductances during the long stator. Thus, great concern is paid to the section structure of the PMLSM. A sectioned permanent-magnet linear synchronous machine (SPMLSM) used in the EMALS is introduced in this paper, whose stator core is continuous but the armature winding is divided into two sectioned parts. First, the electromagnetic fields of the SPMLSM are investigated analytically. Then, the fields are computed by the finite-element method (FEM) and measured experimentally. Not only are the self-inductances and mutual inductances in one section studied but also the mutual inductances between the two sections. These inductances are then calculated by the FEM and measured experimentally. Good correlation among the results was obtained by these three methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a method to analytically model the self and mutual phase inductances of a brushless dc motor with a Faulhaber winding. The method of images is used to "remove" the motor iron parts in the model in order to analyze the winding completely in the air. The analytical model is verified using 3-D finite-element method simulations and measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study develops a compact layout for an on-chip transformer with both wide range of turn ratios and a high coupling coefficient in a small chip area. Analytical formulas are applied to calculate the self-inductances in the design stage. Therefore, six devices with various turn ratios are designed to verify the proposed layout. All devices are fabricated using foundry 130 nm complementary metal-oxide semiconductor technology. Measurements reveal that the proposed transformer has a wide range of n values (1-5.68) and high coupling k values (0.99-0.48) for a chip area of 100² µm². [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a design approach for doubly salient permanent magnet (DSPM) motors, aiming to minimize the torque ripple. The key is to propose the design criteria that the reluctance of all magnetic paths is the same, and the armature windings can be artfully connected to compensate the variation of self-inductance. Based on these criteria, the magnetic characteristics become symmetric, and the variation of self inductance is suppressed. Thus, the resulting torque ripple can be minimized. By using the time-stepping finite element method, the proposed DSPM motor and the existing DSPM motor are quantitatively compared in terms of their back-EMFs, self-inductances, and torque ripples, hence confirming the validity of the proposed design approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A closed-form expression is presented in this brief to accurately estimate the effective inductance of a single layer within an interdigitated power and ground (PIG) distribution network. Due to the large number of PIG lines in these networks, excessive time is required to calculate the inductance using 3-D simulation tools. The proposed expression is favorably compared with previous models and FastHenry, exhibiting accuracy and computational efficiency. The inductance of a single layer within an interdigitated PIG distribution network is bounded for any number of lines. The error of the proposed expression rapidly decreases with an increasing number of pairs within the network. The upper bound for the error of the proposed model is also determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inductance computation is an important issue for the design of the induction coil launcher (ICL). The self-inductance of the driving coil and the system equivalent inductance of ICL are investigated in the paper. Computation equations are presented. Both theoretical computation method and simulative computation method are employed for the inductance computation. Theoretical computation methods consider the influence of the per turn coil's distribution, and the simulative method doesn't consider the influence of per turn coil's distribution. Under the condition of static magnetic field, the deviation between the theoretical computation result (L = 150.46 μH) and the simulative result (L = 147.22 μH) is low, which shows that per turn coil's distribution has little influence on the self-inductance of the driving coil. The theoretical computation method for the system equivalent inductance is also presented. As for the system equivalent inductance, the simulative result is 83.69 μH, and the theoretical result is 99.396 μH. These mean that per turn coil's distribution has large influence on the system equivalent inductance under the condition of eddy current. The system equivalent inductance is much lower than the self-inductance of the driving coil. Therefore the system equivalent inductance should be employed to evaluate the factual working parameters of ICL In addition, computation formula for the mutual inductance between the driving coil and the armature are given out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The vortex-vortex interaction energy is analyzed in two-dimensional arrays of Josephson junctions in which the effects of self-induced fields are important. We find that only if all the junctions are coupled by the magnetic inductive fields, the interactions between vorticesare similar to the interactions between vortices in thin superconducting films and that approximate inductance models can lead to results physically unexpected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Development of a precise dynamic model is a critical step in design and analysis of optimal control strategies for switched-reluctance machines (SRM). This paper is focused on important issues concerning the development of such models and their subsequent use in designing control strategies for SRM drives. The main goal in modeling is to provide a good accuracy over the entire speed and torque range. To achieve this objective, the following requirements need to be met: 1) a good accuracy in matching the inductance of each stator phase; 2) inclusion of mutual effects when significant overlap among phases exists; 3) inclusion of short flux-path operation in each electrical cycle when significant overlap among adjacent phases exists; and 4) capability for autocalibration to cope with parameter variations incurred by manufacturing imperfections and operational conditions. In this paper, in addition to an in-depth discussion of the above factors, a practical modeling approach along with an autocalibration strategy is presented. A simple test collects the necessary data in developing the proposed model. Inherent separation among mechanical, electrical, and control time constants has been used to develop the autocalibration process. Experimental results are presented to validate the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The change in magnetic permeability of a material under stress (inverse magnetostriction) offers the potential for a high-performance, low-cost force sensor capable of being used in harsh real-world environments. The existing force sensor technologies are limited in their use in commercial products by either cost issues or susceptibility to electromagnetic noise. Inverse Magnetostriction has been used to measure strain in controlled environments since its discovery by Joule in 1847, but not in practical applications due to a lack of data on how magnetic material properties change with environmental conditions such as temperature. Utilizing an innovative noise-reducing self-inductance design, this paper presents the basis for an inverse-magnetostrictive compressive load sensor. A lumped-parameter model for the change in sensor inductance under load, due to both mechanical and magnetic effects, is derived. The material properties of a magnetostrictive iron alloy are empirically determined over a broad range of loads and temperatures. The model and material properties are confirmed by testing a prototype force sensor. The prototype measures compressive forces from 100 to 25 000 N over a temperature range of 20 degC to 120 deg with a typical error of +/-2% (4% max). The sensor does experience significant thermal hysteresis for which the model does not currently account. This work was motivated by the need for a force sensor in an automobile electric brake system and used a single iron alloy (50% Ni), but the model and testing procedure provide a roadmap for future research to improve the performance and capabilities of such a sensor [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Presents a study which proposed a method for the calculation of self-inductance and mutual inductance of thin-wall solenoids and disk coils. Definition of self-inductance; Details on the calculation method; Conclusion.

Quantum Flux Parametron (QFP) logic gates were designed and fabricated from a single layer of YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7/ thin film based on step-edge Josephson junctions. Self-inductance (L) of the QFP loop, an important circuit parameter, as is critical current (J/sub c/) of the Josephson junction, was determined by using directly coupled dc superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs). Magnetically coupled dc SQUIDs were used to detect the output signal from the QFP. Simulated waveforms were used to identify the operation modes of the QFP as a function of the circuit parameters. From examination of the output waveforms of the QFP, operation in agreement with simulations was confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Presents a didactic mathematical method of evaluating the self-inductance of a nonmagnetic core single-layer cylindrical and helicoidal coil presenting voids between turns. Biot-Savart Law using vectorial calculus; Comparison of the result using Bio-Savart Law and the traditional method.