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In this paper, the modeling of storage elements and a unified theory liberated of the I–V characteristics of a specific technology is developed. First, the definition of an ideal storage element with limited energy capacity is presented, then the semiideal storage properties are discussed. The addition of power conservative two-port network denoted POPI (Pout = Pin) is added in order to define a flexible storage element in terms of characteristics. The paper demonstrates the theory by examples of storage elements integrated in power electronics systems. The ideas and methodology presented in this work can be applied to power electronics applications as well as power systems, smart grids, and microgrids, where storage is an important factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the problem of paralleling dc-dc switching converters is solved by means of power gyrators. The key element of the parallel connection is a buck converter with input filter acting as a power gyrator of type G with controlled output current, i.e., with its dc output current being proportional to its dc input voltage, electromagnetic interference minimization, current distribution among converters, stability, and voltage regulation are ensured by this approach. It is shown that a voltage regulator based on the parallel operation of power gyrators with democratic current sharing is always stable regardless of the number of connected modules. Experimental results of a dc-dc voltage regulator based on the parallel connection of three power gyrators with democratic current sharing are in perfect agreement with the theoretical predictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]