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The NASA open data policy and the increases in data volume from recent and future missions have resulted in a need to re-evaluate data archive information systems and services. For example, the Surface Water Ocean Topography mission (SWOT) will produce $\sim 15$ TB of data every day that needs to be freely and openly accessible through the NASA Physical Oceanography Distribute Active Archive Center (PO.DAAC). Because of the computational, and distribution challenges associated with making such volumes of Earth Observation data publicly available, the NASA Earth Science Data Information System (ESDIS) is moving their archive systems, like PO.DAAC, to the cloud. To facilitate this migration, system requirements need to accommodate expected use. As such, the objective of this study was to assesses expected user needs and develop a quantitative framework that can be traced to requirements for the cloud-based data archive system architecture and services that enable data discovery, access and utility. We used a two-tier data gathering method that included a short survey of potential users (identified at professional meetings and community listservs) and in-depth interviews. The survey provided a means for scaling findings from the in-depth interviews to a more representative sample, thus enabling assessment of expected impact to various user communities for different services that could be provided. This framework enables traceability for setting priorities for data services development to requirements for a cloud-based data archive system and services that enable data discovery, access and utility.

The focus of wireless research is increasingly shifting toward 6G as 5G deployments get underway. At this juncture, it is essential to establish a vision of future communications to provide guidance for that research. In this paper, we attempt to paint a broad picture of communication needs and technologies in the timeframe of 6G. The future of connectivity is in the creation of digital twin worlds that are a true representation of the physical and biological worlds at every spatial and time instant, unifying our experience across these physical, biological and digital worlds. New themes are likely to emerge that will shape 6G system requirements and technologies, such as: (i) new man-machine interfaces created by a collection of multiple local devices acting in unison; (ii) ubiquitous universal computing distributed among multiple local devices and the cloud; (iii) multi-sensory data fusion to create multi-verse maps and new mixed-reality experiences; and (iv) precision sensing and actuation to control the physical world. With rapid advances in artificial intelligence, it has the potential to become the foundation for the 6G air interface and network, making data, compute and energy the new resources to be exploited for achieving superior performance. In addition, in this paper we discuss the other major technology transformations that are likely to define 6G: (i) cognitive spectrum sharing methods and new spectrum bands; (ii) the integration of localization and sensing capabilities into the system definition, (iii) the achievement of extreme performance requirements on latency and reliability; (iv) new network architecture paradigms involving sub-networks and RAN-Core convergence; and (v) new security and privacy schemes.

Previously, we have proposed a computational model for decision-making in crisis situations called C-RPD (Computational Recognition Primed Decision). In this paper, a software development process customized for Crisis Situations Decision-Making Systems (CSDMSs) is proposed. Agile processes can skillfully manage uncertainty in software requirements and some of their features like incremental development can solve some problems in developing CSDMSs. However, these processes do not provide comprehensive solutions for issues like the lack of enough knowledge about CSDMSs, very rapid changes, urgent need to overcome security challenges, high development unpredictability, and the performance test. Extreme Programming (XP) is one of the best and most widely-used agile processes. In this article, a customized version of XP called Crisis Situations Decision-Making Systems Software Development Process (CSDP) is proposed. Standing first and second in five national and international RoboCup rescue agent simulation tournaments from 2006 to 2010 bear witness to the efficiency of the developed software using CSDP. Relying on its characteristics, CSDP has been able to practically tackle the challenges of developing CSDMSs such as the lack of crisis-related knowledge and cumulative nature of crisis-related knowledge, difficulty of extracting knowledge, long development cycle, and sudden and frequent changes in system requirements.

The magnetorquer-based attitude control system capable of attaining high spin rates and precise pointing control is required for a 3U CubeSat satellite FORESAIL-1. The satellite, developed by the Finnish Centre of Excellence, needs to maintain a spin rate of 24°/s and precise pointing of the spin axis toward the Sun for the particle telescope instrument, as well as to reach 130°/s spin rate for the deployment of the plasma brake. Mission requirements analysis and attitude system requirements derivation are presented, followed by actuator tradeoff and selection, with a detailed design of the complete attitude control system, including the air-cored type of magnetorquer actuators and their drivers, made of H-bridge and filtering components. The design is based on several theoretical and practical considerations with emphasis on the high-power efficiency, such as effects of parallel and serial magnetorquer connections, modeling the magnetorquers with equivalent circuit models for finding a suitable driving frequency and extrapolation methods for efficient dipole moment usage. The in-house manufacturing process of magnetorquers, using a custom 3-D-printer setup, is described. Finally, the testing and verification are performed, by measuring the performance of the manufactured hardware, circuit simulations, and attitude control simulations. It is shown that the manufactured attitude control system fulfills all system requirements. Simulations also confirm the capability to satisfy mission requirements.

The publication describes our approach to development of virtual reality training systems (VRTS). First, we go through the motivation for this research. Next, we give definitions of different types of virtual reality and related mediums. Then, we provide a brief classification and a comparative analysis of existing VR systems. Finally, based on our experience in creating training systems in virtual reality, we analyze and systematize the most important issues in development of such innovative applications, which includes: system requirements; expected benefits; specific development tasks; stages in development; selection of a specific virtual reality technology and development environment; a model of VRTS; logic of a training system; and analysis of outcomes and effects.

Real-time Ethernet systems are becoming increasingly popular for avionics and embedded applications. By regulating network traffic according to predefined configurations, these protocols enable highly deterministic communication, while still conforming to the Ethernet standard. However, the strengths of a statically configured system become weaknesses when the system requirements are changed. In the worst case, the entire network may need to be reloaded with new configurations, resulting in significant downtime. As a result, there is significant growing interest in reconfiguring real-time Ethernet networks online, without restarting the network. Several recent works focus on minimizing frame loss and configuration conflicts during online reconfiguration. Unfortunately, in doing so, they also sacrifice the system’s ability to tolerate faulty components.In this paper, we describe Gatekeeper, the first reconfiguration protocol for real-time Ethernet systems that minimizes downtime while still tolerating faults. Gatekeeper consists of two main sub-protocols: 1) a reliable distribution protocol that ensures consistent configurations are deployed on all non-faulty devices (i.e., switches and network cards), and 2) a dependable test-and-migrate reconfiguration protocol that allows the system to gain confidence that the configurations are correct as they are rolled out to an increasing number of devices. Our evaluation shows that Gatekeeper has modest overheads, and causes up to 2.5× shorter network disruptions than other solutions.

The discipline of information systems (IS) at the university of Bahrain (UOB) is characterized by its dynamicity and diversity in terms of the employment of diverse and up to date information technologies to achieve the strategic goals and dynamic operational objectives of organizations. However, the UOB-IS graduates and IS job employers alongside face difficulties in job seeking/provision. Seekers hardly find the best matching job offerings to their degree qualifications and skills, while employers hardly find the best candidates for the required job positions. This project is aimed at developing a Bahraini web-based job offering portal (J4IS) that acts as an automated recruiter for the job seekers and employers to facilitate an efficient and professional medium of communication and time and cost reduction tool to seek/provide suitable jobs for both sides. The theoretical framework is based on a systematic literature review (SLR) and web content analysis (CA) techniques. For the portal's application development, a six phased system development life cycle (SDLC) methodology was employed at which three questionnaires, two of which were conducted for collecting user and system requirements, while the third was for the web portal's evaluation. The research outcomes recognized the nature of the Bahraini workforce and the qualifications and skills of the UOB-IS graduates, the shortcomings of the commercial online job portals and the related reasons, and subsequently informed the user (seekers and employers) requirements of the developed “J4IS” which revealed a 94% of usability acceptance.

Vehicles today contain a multitude of sensors creating vast amounts of data. For many applications, these data need to be shared with other entities so that they can also utilize it. Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) is the amalgamation of all potential vehicle communication systems. V2X technologies are enabling many smart-vehicle applications, such as autonomous vehicles. However, in utilizing these data from external entities, vehicles rely on the availability and trustworthiness of centralized entities who may be able to delete, forge, leak, or otherwise tamper with the underlying data. Blockchain technology provides a decentralized mechanism to allow vehicles to validate data they receive in a trustless manner. This paper explores potential applications of blockchain technology in the V2X space, categorizing and analyzing use cases based on their underlying blockchain requirements. It then uses this analysis to determine the key requirements behind an effective V2X blockchain.

Experience in designing and building cyber physical interactive distributed monitoring systems for industrial facilities and reserve landscapes is analyzed. Advantages of the existing interactive and dialogue computerized systems, replicated by many companies, are systematized and their functional limitations are determined. The legal and system requirements for the implementation of this class of information system components, which can be applied in strict Nature Reserve, are clarified. It is proposed to expand the functionality and increase the reliability of the ring-star system for background monitoring of nature reserves based on binary-manipulated optical signals. A sensor system for measuring the height of snow cover along the monitoring route is developed using a relay sensor network and quadcopters.

The process of transporting harvested produce often encounters constraints of limited means of transporting crops. Another problem is that the number of existing means of transportation is not proportional to the number of agribusiness actors who are harvesting. Based on these problems, a solution is needed for the process of transporting agricultural products, especially those related to ordering transportation equipment, namely by utilizing the concept of information technology. However, in the IT industry, there is often limited experience and knowledge of developers in determining the needs that are in accordance with management needs. Based on these problems, it is necessary to analyze the functional requirements needed to develop a transportation ordering system for agribusiness crops. The results of the functional requirements analysis produce three main functions of the system; three functional for admin, five functional for the renter, and four functional for the vehicle owner.

Formal verification techniques enable the detection of complex quality issues within system specifications. However, the majority of system requirements are usually specified in natural language (NL). Manual formalisation of NL requirements is an error-prone and labour-intensive process requiring strong mathematical expertise, and can be infeasible for large numbers of requirements. Existing automatic formalisation techniques usually support heavily constrained natural language relying on requirement boilerplates or templates. In this paper, we introduce ARF: Automatic Requirements Formalisation Tool. ARF can automatically transform free-format natural language requirements into temporal logic based formal notations. This is achieved through two steps: 1) extraction of key requirement attributes into an intermediate representation (RCM: Requirement Capturing Model), and 2) transformation rules that convert requirements from the RCM format to formal notations.

As we have entered the Internet-of-Things (IoT) era, further blessed with rapid advances in several key technological areas including DevOps, AI/ML, 5G/6G/, neurocomputing, to name a few, it is imperative we think big and aim high. This new venture will require professionals in both software engineering and services computing to collaborate with an unprecedented intensity, and jointly develop the new interdisciplinary field hereby named Software Services Engineering (SSE). In SSE, the ever-deepening system dynamics emerging from both environments and humans in varying contexts are imposing steep challenges to both researchers and practitioners. Humans, both developers and the vast number of end users, are embedded ever closer to IoT environments, and are being afforded ample opportunities to continuously inject inputs during system development and after deployment. In fact, humans are increasingly playing the roles of both sensor and actuator. Traditional requirements engineering researchers are being lured more than ever into exploiting the IoT environments where human users are deeply embedded, to gather contextual information that inevitably introduces lots of ambiguity and uncertainty. Provisioning of highly adaptable and scalable microservices would be key to timely meeting ever-changing human desires and ever-evolving system requirements in the nimblest manner. As such, an ultra-agile and field-programmable development methodology and environment will be imperative to achieving such ultrafine grained microservices provisioning. Such ultra-agility and ultrafine granularity requirements imposed to the services industry obligate company executives to expect extreme manageability assurance to become the centroid of system operations and administration. The ultimate goal in pursuit of such a noble dream will be to provide genuinely individualized and trustworthy service, possibly enabled by AI, but it should be both explainable and ethical. Facing such grand challenges, this declaration samples a subset of burning issues in SSE through observations in seven themes, only meant to be starting points for the SSE community to further investigate. Through our declarations we also call for heightened attention to an assorted array of existing, barely emerging or non-existent services computing and software engineering methods for a concerted effort to research and explore.

Optimization-based falsification, or search-based testing, is a method of automatic test generation for Cyber-Physical System (CPS) safety evaluation. CPS safety evaluation is guided by high level system requirements that are expressed in Signal Temporal Logic (STL). Trajectories from executed CPS simulations are evaluated against STL requirements using satisfaction robustness as a quantitative metric. In particular, robustness is the distance metric between the simulated system trajectory, associated to a specific input, and the known unsafe set, i.e., regions of the search space that violate the requirements. Identification of violations can be formulated as an optimization problem, where inputs that minimize the robustness function are of interest. In fact, an input falsifies a requirement if the associated robustness is negative. In this work, specifically, we consider the case where multiple requirements determine the unsafe set. Due to the computational burden of executing CPS simulations, practitioners often test all system requirements simultaneously by combining the requirement components and obtaining so-called “conjunctive requirements”. Conjunctive requirements can challenge optimization-based falsification approaches due to the fact that the robustness function may “mask” the contributions of individual conjunctive requirement components. We propose a new algorithm, minimum Bayesian optimization (minBO), that deals with this problem by considering the contributions of each component of the conjunctive requirement. We show the advantages of the minBO optimization algorithm when applied to general non-linear non-convex optimization problems as well as when applied to realistic falsification applications.

This paper introduces an automation project for bakery stores, using the YOLOv4 object detector. A self-checkout cashier was developed where the client puts a tray with the products underneath a webcam, and the system returns the total price of the purchase. This project focuses on the software and aims to build a low-cost, high accuracy, fast response, and easy to use application. To achieve this goal, it was developed some process and protocols, a user interface, a segmentation algorithm, and a server to integrate it all. The menu defined for this research is composed by 10 items - coke, guarana, coxinha, banana, apple, ice tea, choux cream, eclair, cheese bread, and bread - and the mAP obtained for our test set is 91.52% and 96.25%, when all requisites were respected. Despite the high precision obtained, two important problems were found during the validation process: the system has some problems recognizing products when they are too close and when an unknown object is put on the trail. Throughout the text, it is provided how this project was developed, the system requirements, and operating protocols.

Software requirements are the criteria for the correctness of the software behaviors. How to verify the correctness of the requirements is a big challenge in requirements engineering. Among various requirements approaches, the environment modeling based requirements engineering(EBRE) gains great popularity due to its explicit environment model. However, it still lacks of a formal approach to verify the correctness of the requirements models proposed in EBRE. Event-B is a popular formal method employing step-wise refinement to construct system models and verify their correctness according to the system requirements. This paper combines EBRE with Event-B to merge the advantages of the two methods. On the one hand, we transform the EBRE models to the initial Event-B model to guide the further design and development of the system. On the other hand, the transformed Event-B model can provide formal proof on the consistency of the requirements model. We also implement a plug-in tool on the Rodin platform to realize the automatic transformation from EBRE models to Event-B model and to commit a formal verification on the correctness of the transformed requirements model.

In future aircraft electric power systems (EPSs), the dc distribution is regarded as a promising substitution for conventional ac distribution because of the reduced weight. However, the assessment of weight reduction is usually obtained under the system static performance requirements. Dynamical requirements, including small-signal stability, normal load transient, and abnormal transient have not been fully considered. Therefore, this paper aims at bridging this gap by providing a design example under comprehensive system requirements to study the impacts of dynamical requirements on dc and ac, separately. It is seen that if only static requirements are considered, dc EPS is lighter than ac mainly due to the lighter feeders. But if dynamical requirements are factored in, the notional dc EPS will need additional energy storage systems (ESS) and protection devices because it lacks energy storage capability and has faster fault current dynamics intrinsically, comparing with the notional ac EPS.

As technology advances and System on Chip (SoC) become more complex, more and more embedded memories are packed inside the SoCs to cater the system requirements. Probability of malfunctioning of the device infield due to soft or hard defects in these memories and associated circuitry increase proportionally as well. As a result, in addition to testing and screening the product during manufacturing stage, the need for in-field testing of the memories has become critical to address Functional Safety (FuSa) requirements in mission critical industries such as automotive, medical and Artificial Intelligence (AI). In general, on most SoCs, Error Correcting Code (ECC) or parity checking schemes are implemented to detect and correct the error during memory access. Ensuring the correctness of the ECC operation in-field is also a safety critical requirement. This paper describes the methodology adopted for testing of embedded memories in safety critical SoCs and to verify the ECC logic in-filed with minimal hardware. In this proposed methodology, hardware and software system infrastructure is developed around industry standard memory test embedded instruments (Memory Built-In Self-Test controller and associated logic) to enable memory self-test and ECC logic testing during in-field usage. This paper describes the methodology adopted for testing of embedded memories in safety critical SoCs and to verify the ECC logic in-filed with minimal hardware. In this proposed methodology, hardware and software system infrastructure is developed around industry standard memory test embedded instruments (Memory Built-In Self- Test controller and associated logic) to enable memory self-test and ECC logic testing during in-field usage.

Greenhouses offer the ability to cultivate various crops in what would otherwise be harsh and unfavorable environments. Networked Control Systems (NCSs) can be utilized within greenhouses, to monitor and control various metrics, such as temperature, humidity, and soil moisture. While the utilization of wireless sensors offers a high degree of flexibility, it adds the risk of Access Point (AP) failure. This paper investigates the issue of AP failure in a Greenhouse NCS and proposes a fault-tolerant model. Single as well as double AP failures are considered. All scenarios in the fault-tolerant model are simulated using the Riverbed Modeler and system performance is evaluated in terms of the Packet Loss Rate (PLR). It is shown that, for all possible AP failures in the fault model, the proposed fault-tolerant architecture succeeds in meeting system requirements.

Microgrids with AC/DC architecture benefit from advantages of both AC and DC power. In this paper, daily operation problem for a zero-carbon AC/DC microgrid in presence of electric vehicles (EVs) is considered. In this framework, EVs' batteries are mobile energy storage systems, which allow desirable operation of the microgrid during peak demand hours. This study shows in absence of storage system, EVs' batteries can be properly managed to satisfy the system requirements. In the case studies, several sensitivity analyses based on variations in battery degradation costs, solar irradiance, and inverter capacity are investigated., Comment: ITEC 2021

Megahertz (MHz) wireless power transfer (WPT) system is becoming a research trend because of its flexible spatial freedom. However, the high frequency circuit components limit the power level of MHz WPT system. Meanwhile, the actual application scenarios are changeable, so a single system design cannot meet the needs of multiple applications. In this paper, a design concept of modularized and reconfigurable MHz WPT is proposed to improve the system power level and design flexibility. With this method, the system requirements (power, efficiency and transfer distance) can be easily satisfied by the combination of modules. The design concept will be detailed explained through the analysis of the system architecture and the mathematical model. Finally, the influence of proximity effect and mutual inductance divergence achieves briefly analysis according to the simulation and test. And the modularized design concept is basically verified by the power and efficiency test results of four different combinations of UMs.

One of the prominent challenges for widespread adoption of silicon photonics (SiPh) technology is the availability of an integration platform that can simultaneously meet a wide range of power, performance, and cost criteria in different applications. As a result, there is a diversity of SiPh integrated solutions proposed or demonstrated, but none is considered as a common solution. In this paper, we will first survey industry proposed photonic engine structures in monolithic and heterogeneous integration on their strengths and weaknesses. We will then propose a compact and universal PE structure - COUPE (COmpact Universal Photonic Engine) that could consolidate different requirements onto the same integration platform. COUPE has the electrical IC – photonic IC integration with the electrical interface designed to minimize the EIC-PIC coupling loss. Compared with industry proposed PE technology, COUPE can provide low insertion loss for both grating coupler (GC) and edge coupler (EC). For either GC or EC, the COUPE is a solid structure without cavities or mechanically weak parts, thus enabling low insertion loss without contamination or mechanical concerns. COUPE also has the flexibility to be integrated easily with host ASIC to form a co-package structure. The COUPE integration scheme can meet the most demanding system requirements and pave the way for SiPh-based wafer level system integration (WLSI) for high performance computing applications.

Internet of Things (IoT) technology and Smart Home (SH) solutions are a growing area of research and development, particularly within health and social care where they have potential to offer information and support for self-management and independent living. However, successful design and deployment of these technologies are predicated on a clear understanding of user aspirations, needs, and requirements. This paper presents findings from seven one-to-one interviews with care staff who contributed their experiences representing a diverse range of job roles and categories of service-users supported. Our participants were from a regional supported-living provider with facilities for people with learning disabilities. The interviews provided insight into care service provision and service-users’ needs, as well as helping to identify areas of the current service that can be supported by IoT based intelligent systems. The feedback that staff provided was based on their knowledge and understanding of the needs of specific service user groups and included information regarding the appropriateness and applicability of the technologies, as well as the appeal, acceptability and usability of these solutions.

This paper mainly focuses on the design and implementation of the pet community platform system based on big data. Pet community platform system is divided into two subsystems: client and administrator. The two subsystems are developed in the way of front and rear end separation. The back end uses the current mainstream JavaWeb development framework SpringBoot+ MyBatisPlus, and the front end uses the popular VUE +Element UI framework. The database of the system uses MySQL8 +Redis, and the platform system uses NGINX to achieve load balancing. After system requirements, feasibility analysis, business analysis, case analysis, system function of activity diagram and the database design and detailed design, using the MVC model view controller design specification, design to achieve the system each function module, through the way of writing test cases and manual test to test the main functions of the system, the system of the client subsystem mainly for the majority of raising pet pet professionals provide a communication platform with pet as the theme of community, published on the platform users can questions about pets or subject, the platform can communicate the case for users. This system use enterprise Java applications for pet lovers create pet exchange platform for the community, the community will gather all kinds of pet owners, users can learn all kinds of pets here knowledge and skills, to communicate with other pet owners to discuss, share moments of pet, pet adoption information release, we work together to solve the problem of pet relocation. At the same time, it provides data collection and analysis to provide strong data support for the development of pet market.

Designing battery management system for monitoring and management of energy resources as a part of battery powered embedded applications is found to be challenging task since the diversity of the system requirements. In this paper we define the unified framework for designing battery management system according to the given reference software and hardware architectures. The main architectural elements and their interactions in the given reference models, are identified based on the analysis of battery powered embedded application properties. The common scope of battery management system functionalities is extended to support development of energy-aware and power-aware embedded applications. Review and classification of battery-related and system-related parameters is also given.

In this paper, we propose a novel architecture for a (quasi) optimization problem solver for system designing automation that combines a problem generator and general problem solver. It efficiently generates the number of constraints from a simple description about system requirements, and solves the optimization problem at high speed by utilizing a powerful problem solver. Our challenge is to apply quantum annealing for this purpose. However, we faced the following technical problems caused by the fundamental properties of a quantum annealer: P1) a quantum annealer does not accept a constraint with inequality, which is necessary to describe system design problems, and P2) digit overflow of the coefficient value in the constraints. In this paper, we illustrate the overall architecture of our problem solver and clarify the aforementioned issues. Then, we present solutions to each problem: S1) a conversion method from inequality to equation by the augmented Lagrange method, and S2) a problem conversion method that reduces the number of digits of the coefficient without changing the meaning of the problem. Through experiments with a number of example problems, we evaluated the performance and accuracy of our scheme in comparison with a traditional rigorous problem solver. We show that our scheme outperforms the solver at least in a number of situations, and discuss its future utility.

Correctly specifying system requirement verification strategies plays an important role in Real-time embedded and safety-critical systems development. Traditionally, industries are using document-based/textual artefacts to capture system verification strategies in a way that is highly reliant on efficient communications between system requirement engineers and system verification engineers during systems development iterations. This paper describes a Model-Based System Verification Strategy specification framework and Tools used in Rolls-Royce. The contribution of this framework is 1. improving information reusability; 2. reduced risk of system verification and requirement inconsistency and redundancy 3. improved correlation between system requirements and verification artefacts by sharing the same system models 4. automated support for transformation from document-based system verification to model-based verification.

Software engineers use requirement-to-method trace matrices to indicate the methods implementing different system requirements. Requirement-to-method trace matrices pinpoint the exact method implementing each requirement, which facilitates software maintenance and bug fixing. The code structure of a system can be used to make predictions about requirement-to-method traces. In this paper, we present a data set documenting the requirement-to-method traces as well as the code structure (methods, variables, etc.) for four open source systems. The code structure was obtained by parsing the systems under consideration and extracting the methods, variables, etc. The requirement-to-method trace matrices were obtained by resorting to students as well as to the original developers of the systems who provided us with the list of requirement-to-method traces.

Motivated by industry 5.0 paradigm and Human-robot collaboration (HRC) technology, this paper presents the first steps of the design and development of Ergowear, a wearable, non-intrusive, interoperable upper body inertial Motion Capture system. This system was developed aiming to be used as a sensing technology to make the robot aware of the human’s intentions and states and, therefore, achieving human-awareness. Consequently, it was developed to run on ROS2, to ease its integration in a HRC framework. This work depicts the design process and development of the prototype. Firstly, the system requirements are presented along with the system components and architecture. To verify interoperability, a protocol was designed to test the Ergowear’s hardware, namely its autonomy, storing capacity, wireless communication’s performance, and overall mechanical robustness. Overall, the achieved results are within the specified technical requirements, presenting the Ergowear as a promising sensing technology to be integrated within a Human-aware HRC framework.

Submarine fiber networks are considered the backbone of communication between countries, hence the operators expecting to get high quality and performance efficiency. Due to that, sea cable manufacturers ramping up the efforts to enhance the bandwidth availability, reliability, and entire performance satisfactory to the customers’ demand because they well know laying out new transoceanic fiber is more expensive than other ground cables. On the other hand, separation of power cable from the fiber in the submarine system making the repair, troubleshooting, and even survey test likewise costly due to utilizing the different platforms, tools, and expertise to achieve the task. This paper undertakes an extensive test in fiber optic including submarine cable through give a spotlight to the attenuation elements such as reflection loss as well as the power cable standalone impact in the submarine fiber network. The investigation based on the real survey test which considers the cable from the beach manhole to the main station shelter and proposes to use an advanced QX5252 CMOS to incorporate, magnifying the voltage and power discharge depends on the system requirements. The advanced chip also able to sense the signal thus would occupy many aspects in addition to care for the earthing process via overload discharge. The scientific approach of the proposal assessed the potential solution to mitigate the challenges in the submarine cable as well as fiber optic.

Malware is a significant security danger on the Internet nowadays. Hostile to Virus organizations get a huge number of malwares tests each day. It is intended to harm PC frameworks without the information on the proprietor utilizing the framework and method headways are presenting enormous difficulties for scientists in both the scholarly world and the business. Malware tests are arranged and gathered for additional investigation. In this literature review, we did the manual research on the publications from the year 2014 to 2020. We selected about 27 articles out of 55 articles as primary studies and applied quality evaluation criteria and deducted research questions from them. The motivation behind this SLR is to inspect the accessible literary works on malware examination and to decide how exploration has developed and progressed regarding the amount, substance, and publication outlets. We also discussed the issues and challenges we are facing in malware analysis along with detection system requirements. Large numbers of the malicious programs are tremendous and confounded so it is difficult for researchers to fathom its subtleties. Scattering of malicious data beyond clients of the web and furthermore preparing them to effectively utilize against malicious items are critical to shielding clients from malicious attack. This review paper will give a comprehensive book index of techniques to help with battling malicious data.

The System Modeling Language (SysML) is a visual modeling language that can be used to describe the structure and behavior of a system. Modeling tools can be used to capture the variety of diagrams and maintain the consistency of elements across the different structural and behavioral representations of the system. Current research is investigating using the XML Metadata Interchange (XMI) standard to convert the diagrammatic information captured in SysML into a format that can be used to produce software code that can then be simulated to ensure conformance with system requirements. The XMI standard can be used as an interim format to migrate the content from a diagrammatic representation, where system elements are sorted by the diagram that contains them, to an object approach, where all elements related to an entity reside in a tree structure below that element. This paper presents a method to ensure the consistency of the XMI representation regardless of whether a functional or physical system engineering approach is used for the design process. This has implications in maintaining the consistency of the XMI file when system development is initiated from a high level of abstraction, followed by iterative addition of detail. The goal is to ensure that XMI file maintains an authoritative representation of the modeled system.

Slip detection and correction plays a very important role in robotic manipulation tasks, and it has long been a challenging problem in the robotic community. Further, the advantage of using systems engineering tools and framework to approach a solution and/or modeling of robotic tasks is not often pursued. In this paper, we use Model-Based Systems Engineering techniques to verify system requirements and validate stakeholder requirements for the problem of detecting and correcting for object slippage within a dexterous five-fingered robotic hand. We will discuss how the work accomplished in our laboratory was transferred to a simulated environment and how this simulated environment built in CoppeliaSim was connected to a systems engineering software, Cameo Systems Modeler. Measures of effectiveness were created from the stakeholder requirements for the slippage problem which allowed us to validate the robotic simulation that was built. Structural diagrams of the robotic system and environment were built along with behavioral diagrams of the simulation. Further, we used the connection of Cameo Systems Modeler and CoppeliaSim to track the measures of effectiveness for our robotic task which provided us with a complete systems engineering framework for the problem from the requirements phase through the implementation phase. Our main goal is to show the advantages of following a systems engineering framework to complete a robotic task through the connection of Cameo Systems Modeler and CoppeliaSim.

With the development of communication technology, the disadvantages of traditional notification methods such as low efficiency gradually appear. With the introduction of WAP with WTLS security and its development and maintenance, more and more notification systems are using this technology. Through the analysis, design and implementation of notification system for large user groups, this paper studies how to collect and notify data without affecting the business system, and proposes a scheme of real-time data acquisition and filtering based on trigger. The middleware and application server implementation transaction management and database operation to separate CICS middleware technology based on research using UNIXC, Socket programming, SQL statements, SYBASE database technology, from the system requirements, business process, function structure, database and data structure, the input and output of the system, system testing the aspects such as design of practical significance to intelligent notification system for large user groups. Finally, the paper describes the test effect of the system in detail. 10 users send 1, 5, 10 and 20 strokes at the same time, and the completion time is 0.28, 1.09, 1.58 and 2.20 seconds, which proves that the system has practical significance.

One of the focus areas of the smart-grid initiative is the residential level demand response. Recent surveys have analyzed price-responsive demand response optimization, mathematical modeling of demand response, responsive demand forecasting, and communication requirements. This paper identifies the benefit of the demand response programs available in the literature and presents an approach to incorporate utility-focused demand response benefits into distribution system operation. A two-stage demand-side management method is proposed using modified AC optimal power flow to maintain system requirements such as minimal deviations in nodal voltages and maintaining power factor. The results have been analyzed further by categorizing them into two areas; how the rescheduling has benefitted the consumers and the utility.

Building autonomous vehicles is an arduous task and requires a lot of technical understanding and cognizance. Grasping the essentials of such technologies and finding the perfect combination of hardware and software implementation is key to building autonomous vehicles. As we move towards autonomous vehicles, How do we find a solution to building an autonomous vehicle? To answer this question, we break it down into different hardware and software requirements. We present a hands-on solution for building autonomous vehicles by using an open-source platform Autoware which is based on ROS (Robot Operating System). Our initial implementation consists of detailing the overall system requirements, sensors calibration, point cloud map generation, waypoint generation and following, and finally vehicle control. We have also conducted the simulation test of localization and path following based on the point cloud map and waypoint generated. We believe our implementation provides a general understanding for building autonomous vehicles in the academic as well as in research field.

The emergency department is the main stepping stone into a public health system, where patients with critical emergencies receive initial treatment and intensive care. Mismanagement of the emergency services system, ultimately, could result in the loss of lives, necessitating the use of technologically advanced strategies in the development of smart healthcare systems. There exists a lot of research in this field that is relied on traditional manual approaches, however, still considering many innovations in the usage of state-of-the-art technologies. Smart city-supported infrastructure provides automation to healthcare and non-healthcare service mechanisms. Therefore, this paper proposes an automated blockchain-based formal model of e-hospital emergency management system correlating the Internet of Things (IoT), Finite Automaton, Unified Modeling Language (UML) and VDM-SL formal method. System functionality will include registration, patient triage, e-prescription, payments and patient discharge. IoT sensors capable of monitoring a patient's health and actuators further be utilized to perform actions as intended. To optimize the efficiency of the system, finite automata will be implemented to model the system functionalities. UML diagrams will be used to precisely demonstrate the system requirements. The blockchain-based model will offer authentication and privacy mechanisms that prevent alteration of the record. VDM-SL formal specification will be applied to analyze and validate the model.

Requirement’s analysis and design is a multifaceted and time-consuming process. The success of software projects critically relies on careful & timely analysis and modeling of system requirements. Mostly, the requirements gathered from the stakeholders are written in some language (probably English). In this regard, significant manual efforts are required for the formation of good class model which unfortunately results in time delays in the software industry. The problems associated with the requirement analysis and class modeling can be overcome by the appropriate employment of machine learning. In this paper, we propose a system, requirement engineering analysis & design (READ) to generate unified modeling language (UML) class diagram using natural language processing (NLP) and domain ontology techniques. We have implemented the READ system in Python and it successfully generates the UML class diagram i.e., class name, attributes methods, and relationships from the textual requirements written in English. To assess the performance of the proposed system, we have evaluated it on publicly available standards and the experimental results show that it outperforms the existing techniques for object-oriented based software designing.

Cloud computing, big data and artificial intelligence have become the hot spots in the current information system construction, and the integration of artificial intelligence into the information management platform has become a new means. This paper mainly studies the land resource management information platform based on artificial intelligence technology. In this paper, the concept of artificial intelligence is first described. Secondly, combined with the key technologies and daily business requirements, the system requirements analysis was completed, and the specific functional requirements of the platform were deeply analyzed through the use case diagram. Thirdly, combined with the system design principles, the system logic structure and function module design are completed. Finally, combined with the system design and implementation, the system test is completed from the two aspects of system function test and performance test. The results of function test and performance test show that the land resource management information fully meets the expected design requirements and all the performance indicators meet the requirements.

Model-based systems engineering (MBSE) is combining product development and project management with a focus on cross-domain, multidisciplinary projects in product development. In many application domains the engineering process and the quality gates are standardized and well defined in respective regulations. The goal of this contribution is to present a project design and engineering process which is compliant with aerospace regulations. As a case study, this paper deals with a detailed development process related to an active, oleo-pneumatic damper for a CS-23 general aviation aircraft landing gear (The CS-23 document is a construction and certification requirement for light weight powered aircraft published by the EASA). It is shown how system requirements are generated from use cases, environmental influences, failure conditions and stakeholder requirements, which finally result in the system architecture and shows how these work products are managed, especially when people from different domains are involved. Based on this, the domain-specific work products are generated, resulting in a list of hardware components, a software architecture and technical drawings for production. Furthermore, the approach illustrates how MBSE is used to incorporate safety assessment into product development.

The satellite mobile communication system is one of the important means of modern communication and has wide demand space. The accurate assessment of the quality of demand is an important prerequisite for improving the quality of the demand of satellite mobile communication systems. By constructing the system requirement quality evaluation index system of satellite mobile communication system, the connotation and meaning of each index system are analyzed, and the applicability of cloud model in the quality evaluation of demand is clear. Based on the evaluation method of cloud model, the quality evaluation process of demand quality is clarified, and the evaluation results are obtained, and the Suggestions for the improvement of the quality of the demand quality of the satellite mobile communication system are provided.

Accuracy and precision remains a challenge for capturing system requirements in general, space systems are no exception. Current research efforts continue to fundamentally rely on natural language (shall statements), which is inherently ambiguous, and thus unable to capture the problem space accurately and precisely. We suggest in this paper a model-based approach to requirements that avoids the use of requirements in natural language and leverages formal modeling and system-theoretic constructs instead. Specifically, the proposed approach extends behavioral and structural model elements of the Systems Modeling Language (SysML) with a system-theoretic definition of a solution space. Considering a system model to be a transformation of inputs into outputs, we model the problem space in this paper as a set of required transformations of inputs into outputs. We apply the proposed model-based approach to formulate a subset of requirements of a satellite's Telemetry, Tracking, and Command (TTC) transponder. We use an existing set of requirements for such a system in natural language as a benchmark and evaluate precision, accuracy, and completeness aspects achieved by the proposed model-based formulation.

This paper aims to solve the problem and development of the automatic library program that supports the user in Lao PDR and enable the libraries of college educational institutions in Laos PDR to access database and exchange the information technology to each other by using Interoperability Model. This program has tested 4 state colleges in Laos PDR. We applied a spiral model to design and develop the prototype of library automation which supports Laos language and the basic requirement of librarian behavior. This approach can be useful to the college educational institutions in Laos PDR for using it in the future.

In order to improve the accuracy and efficiency of tourism marketing management system, this paper proposes and designs a tourism marketing management system based on SWOT analysis. Under the premise of clear system requirements and functions, the overall architecture and network architecture of the system are designed. On this basis, the hardware of the system is designed. The main hardware of the system includes user login module, tourism marketing information management module and tourism market information database to meet the needs of the system. In the software design part of the system, the advantage opportunity type in SWOT analysis method is used to process the tourism marketing data and calculate the mapping feature dimension of the tourism marketing data, so as to improve the management efficiency and effectiveness of the system. The experimental results show that, compared with the traditional tourism marketing management system, the designed system has higher management accuracy and shorter management time. Therefore, the management system designed in this paper has stronger management performance and can meet the needs of tourism marketing management.

Aiming at a series of problems such as the fixed network structure and the fragile communication lines of the existing mine monitoring system, a new type of mine monitoring and emergency communication network has been constructed. When the wired communication is interrupted, the system wakes up some WSN nodes, and the WSN network quickly forms the Etherent-WSN-Etherent architecture. The paper designs a low energy consumption MAC (LEC-MAC) protocol based on asymmetric Quorum system. This protocol has data frames with priority flags, divides the network into multiple clusters, and adopts a new wake-up mechanism to realize automatic switching of different working modes. The simulation results show that compared with the traditional DCF protocol, our proposed algorithm reduces energy consumption and improves network throughput to meet system requirements.

The elicitation of software requirements is an essential activity of requirement engineering whose task is to collect, gather, or identity the stakeholders requirements. The requirements elicited are of various types like performance requirements, testing requirements, system requirements, functional requirements, etc. according to the need of the stakeholders. Among all the requirements, security requirements play a crucial role to safeguard valuable information from unauthorized users in an organization. In our review process, we found that security requirements elicitation methods lack in answering that how to gather the security requirements from the selected set of functional requirements when stakeholders take part in decision making process and preferences of the software requirements are specified by the use of linguistic variables. Therefore, in order to tackle this problem, in this paper, for the selection of security requirements we propose a fuzzy-based method, so that identification, authentication, and authorization of security requirements can be elicited only for those requirements which are important according to the security point of view. The applicability of the proposed method is discussed by means of an example.

The end of transistor scaling drives innovative 2.5D, 3D and chiplet technologies to further extend Moore’s law. Recent advancements in multi-die integration effectively reduce the costs at advanced nodes while providing more flexibility, modularity and heterogeneous integration, which require designers to rethink the system architectures to exploit these advantages. This forum focuses on the most recent advancements of the 2.5D, 3D and chiplet technologies as well as the key components for integration to enable new system architectures. This forum aims to bring together technologists, designers and architects from industry and academia to discuss the practical challenges and solutions in 2.5D/3D technologies, and to provide insights on how to leverage the technology benefits with different system requirements. The forum starts with an overview of foundry solutions on 2.5D, 3D and chiplets technologies, followed by deep dive topics inspired by application focuses. For example, FPGA with 2.5D/3D heterogeneous integration has emerged with promising data-centric applications. High-bandwidth memory (HBM) has been widely adopted in commercial processors, and yet advanced integration techniques and design strategies remain the key to overcome the practical challenges to satisfy power density and performance requirements. Recent advancements in chiplets rapidly evolves the design space in SoC, driving both cost reduction and modularity. Meanwhile, design considerations to address power delivery, signaling, and thermal challenges at the circuit level as well as advanced heterogeneous integration at the process level have attracted research interests and innovations to further improve the system-level efficiency and reliability in the multi-chip stacking era. Co-optimization of high-speed serial links with 2.5D/3D technologies plays another essential role to continuously improve off-chip communication and system performance. Moreover, driven by the growth of edge computing and advanced 3D stacking empowers sensor integration for latency reduction with near-sensor intelligence. Finally, the forum concludes with a hierarchical view of the 3D interconnect technology landscape and long-term roadmap, shedding light on future technology directions.