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Training neural networks with the Moore–Penrose (MP) inverse has recently gained attention in view of its noniterative training nature. However, a significant drawback of learning based on the MP inverse is that the computational memory consumption grows along with the size of a dataset. In this article, based on the partitioning of the MP inverse, we propose a blockwise recursive MP inverse formulation (BRMP) for network learning with low-memory property while preserving its training effectiveness. The BRMP is an equivalent formulation to its batchwise counterpart since neither approximation nor assumption is made in the derivation process. Our further exploration of this recursive method leads to a switching structure among three different scenarios. This structure also reveals that the well-known recursive least squares method is a special case of our proposed technique. Subsequently, we apply BRMP to the training of radial basis function networks as well as multilayer perceptrons. The experimental validation covers both regression and classification tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we propose a recursive learning formulation for online heterogeneous face recognition (HFR). The main task is to compare between images which are acquired from different sensing spectrums for identity recognition. Using an extreme learning machine, the proposed recursive formulation seeks a direct optimization to the classification error goal where the solution converges exactly to the batch mode solution. Due to the nonlinear nature of the classification error objective function, formulation of a recursive solution that converges is an important and nontrivial task. Based on this recursive formulation, an online HFR system is designed. The system is evaluated using two challenging heterogeneous face databases with images captured under visible, near infrared and infrared spectrums. The proposed system shows promising performance which is comparable with that of competing state-of-the-arts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pedestrian detection in the embedded system, such as video surveillance equipment, usually involves low-resolution pedestrian samples and requires a low computational cost. Many pedestrian detectors rely on a large feature pool and suffer in their efficiency and performance for real-time monitoring. In this paper, a set of light-weight features is proposed to enhance the pedestrian detection performance when a small-medium scale of training data with low-resolution images is available. To address this issue, a difference matrix projection (DMP) is developed to compute aggregated multi-oriented pixel differences using global matrix operations. Both the pixel differences and aggregation are computed using global matrix projection to avoid the laborious iterative operations. We tested our method on the INRIA, Daimler Chrysler classification (Daimler-CB), NICTA, and Caltech Pedestrian datasets. The experiments on these benchmark data sets show encouraging results in terms of detection performance, particularly for image datasets with low-resolution pedestrians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A robust and accurate machine learning based hierarchical multiclassifier system is proposed to automate the retrieval of interconnection information from delayered integrated circuits images. The proposed system replaces labor-intensive manual annotation process and provides an effective approach for the automated analysis of state-of-the-art deep submicron IC chips. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This brief proposes a hybridK-means clustering and support vector machine (HKCSVM) method to detect the positions of vias and metal lines from delayered IC images for subsequent netlist extraction. The main contributions of the proposed method include: 1) fully automated detection of via and metal line positions without any need of human interventions and 2) novel hybrid methodology to embody ${K}$ -means clustering and support vector machine for retrieving precise positions of vias and metal lines in contrast to the individual techniques, which can only provide a region for the detected elements. From experiments on 50 SEM images of ${1536 \times 2048}$ pixels taken from fabricated IC chips (@TSMC 130-nm CMOS process), our proposed HKCSVM method achieves an F-score of 99.82% for via detection, and mean intersection over union of 94.44% and mean pixel accuracy of 95.83% for metal line detection, which are both superior to the reported approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this letter, we propose an empirical-mode decomposition (EMD)-based method for automatic multicategory mini-unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) classification. The radar echo signal is first decomposed into a set of oscillating waveforms by EMD. Then, eight statistical and geometrical features are extracted from the oscillating waveforms to capture the phenomenon of blade flashes. After feature normalization and fusion, a nonlinear support vector machine is trained for target class-label prediction. Our empirical results on real measurement of radar signals show encouraging mini-UAV classification accuracy performance. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The principal component analysis network (PCANet) is asserted as a parsimonious stacking-based convolutional neural networks (CNNs) instance for generic object recognition including face. However, to be regarded a CNN resemblance, PCANet lacks a nonlinearity in between two successive convolutional layers. The multilayer PCANet (by neglecting the nonlinearity pre-requisite) is also deemed far-fetched for the network depth beyond two, due to feature dimensionality explosion. We thus devise a PCANet alternative, dubbed PCANet+ in this letter, to untangle these constraints. To be more precise, conforming to the CNN essentials, PCANet+ conveys a mean-pooling unit manipulating each feature map. On top of that, we streamline the PCANet topology to permit a deep construction with an expanded PCA filter ensemble. We scrutinize the PCANet+ performance using face recognition technology and other two faces in the wild datasets, namely, labeled faces in the wild and YouTube faces. The experimental results reveal that the PCANet+ descriptor prevails over its predecessor and other stacking-based descriptors in face identification and verification, serving a baseline for ConvNets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]