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Water is one of the important natural resources available in nature and is very much essential for all living beings. As Earth contains only 0.3% of total water as freshwater in the form of liquid, it is necessary to manage and use water efficiently. In India, under groundwater is one of the major sources of water, and it caters to about 85% of rural demand, 50% of urban requirements, and more than 60% of irrigation needs [910]. Usually borewells in a city or big campuses are operated manually by the operators. But many a time, the operator has to travel a long distance, due to which much of the manpower and time are wasted, which results in an inefficient, irregular supply of water. Therefore, efficient management of borewell plays a vital role in reducing water stress, manpower, and time. This proposed model aims to operate the borewells from remote places, schedule timings for ON/OFF of the motor, monitor the status of the motor, and get real-time database of quantity of water delivered at the given time. Scheduling of motor will eliminate even the slightest human intervention, thereby increasing the efficiency and distribute equal amount of water to all the areas on time without bias.

Industry utilizes water in different ways. Water being an important commodity is becoming scarce due to droughts and overuse. Industries are not aware of their water consumption and thus water management is complicated for them. This Water Management System is a solution for measuring important industrial water parameters like temperature, water level and water consumption. The system measures all the parameters in real time and can be remotely viewed/controlled over smart phones using Internet of Things (IOT). The system measures water level using a capacitive level sensor. This sensor is based on the principle of change in capacitance due to change in the area of the plates. It overcomes the drawbacks of conventional capacitive level sensor.

Conservation of water has become an essential in the current world due to the swelling stress on the world's total consumable water, which has been affected by the inexorable rise in the usage and other multiple factors. This study focuses on micro factors that occur in household water usage, which leads up to a significant impact collectively. Waste of water is primarily due to the careless usage, leakages, and the overflow of the overhead tanks in households. “Smart Water Buddy” is a system that monitors water usage with IoT devices and uses machine learning to identify water leaks and abnormal usages, which helps to optimize the usage.

The following research proposes the development of a semiautomatic water management system for small farmers based on low cost sensors integrated in an automatic decision rule system to activate a water pump for irrigation. This proposal will allow small farmers to access more efficient technologies regarding water management of their farms, generating sustainable economic benefits for the producer. In addition, this proposal will improve the level of technological literacy of the farmer, reducing the gap in the adoption of new technologies. The results indicate that it is possible to develop a system that integrates low cost sensors for irrigation management given that they showed a high correlation with traditional ones (Decagon EC-5), therefore, they would allow to efficiently manage intrapredial irrigation of small farmers.

An efficient water management system placed a great emphasize in the water distribution network efficiency. Water pipeline leakages is one of the prominent issues in water distribution network that has caught the interest to most researchers. A lot of research and studies have been conducted in the past few decades in addressing this issue with the objectives of detecting and localizing the leakages accurately and efficiently. Detecting the pipeline leakages is the first step and for a complete solution the detection must follow with the leakage localization. This paper reviewed some of the localization techniques that has been proposed, explored and studied. Each technique is reviewed and discussed, where challenges are highlighted. A localization technique using vibration sensor is also proposed.

A serious drop in ensuring the water quality in the distribution system is a factor that affects public health. This could lead to increase in biological and non-biological contents, change in colour and odour of the water. These contaminants cause a serious threat to the whole water ecosystem. The conventional methods of analyzing the water quality require much time and labour. So there is a need to monitor and protect the water with a real-time water quality monitoring system in order to make active measurements to reduce contamination. The growth of the technology had helped in developing efficient methods to solve many serious issues in real time. Internet of things (IoT) has achieved a great focus due to its faster processing and intelligence. This paper focuses on discussing the architecture, applications and need of IoT in water management system.

In the era of IoT, automation is one of the essential attribute. This increases comfort and convenience in the lives of people. We would like to provide this in the domain of water management. Our motive is to help the readers understand the importance of using water judiciously and equipping them with the knowledge of the functioning of water management system which is done by using Internet of Things (IoT). We also discuss about how this project is the future of sustainable management of water in residences.

Subak is a Balinese social organization that regulates irrigation systems in traditional ways. Monitoring of river flow using remote sensing technology has been expected to determine new irrigation channels. In this study, we conducted water body extraction using remote sensing technology based on water indices at Yeh Unda river, Bali. Landsat 8 OLI satellite images were used as the main dataset. We used Enhanced Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (EMNDWI) based on Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI) that has been introduced as the conventional method to extract water bodies. Experimental results from the proposed method was compared to the results of MNDWI method. The proposed method was able to detect narrow river with brown water color, although there is a bit of missed detection caused by distraction on surrounding areas like trees, bushes and shadow. The results of the extraction at the selected area show that EMNDWI is a viable method for segmentation of river with brown water colors and narrow bodies. The results of water body extraction may be used by Subak officers to build a new water management system traversed by the Yeh Unda river and to analyze overflowing in the river.

These days most of aquaculture industries using water management system which is operated manually, in this case wasting high quantity of water and spending more money for maintenance purpose. From this point of view we proposed new aquaculture system with electrical valve, that system is called a vertical aquarium management system. The purpose of the electrical valve is to regulate the flow and to maintain the constant temperature of water in the aquarium. After attaining the required water level and temperature level, the electrical valve will be automatically closed to stop the water inflow. This electrical valve is controlled by level sensors and temperature sensors that are attached to the tanks. Advantages of the electrical valve are Self-cleaning and low maintenance cost of the aquarium. This process is operated by a micro-controller. This electrical valve is specially designed to meet the requirements of the vertical aquarium energy management system (VAEMS).

We propose an optimization model for the design and operation of the water management system in shale gas production process. The objective is to maximize the profit per unit freshwater consumption. This model is formulated as a mixed-integer linear fractional programming (MILFP) problem, which takes into account both the economic performance and water-use efficiency associated with the shale gas production. We also present tailored optimization algorithms for efficiently solving the MILFP problem, which results from the water management optimization model. We apply the proposed optimization model to a long-term spatially explicit case study. The optimal results show that the net profit for shale gas production per unit freshwater consumption after water treatment is $1,756 per thousand barrels of freshwater. The results also indicate that an efficient water management strategy should be a combination of different water management options, including centralized wastewater treatment, underground disposal, and onsite treatment.

This paper examines and proposes an intelligent solution for 11controlling of water level in a dynamic water distribution system. Principle objective of the controller is to provide required water quantity with a required minimum head while keeping the motor in its most efficient region. In order to achieve these objectives, a prototype of water level control system has been built and an intelligent fuzzy logic control algorithm is developed. Water level of the tank is fixed by an intelligent algorithm. This algorithm will predict the optimal water level which needs to be maintained. Fuzzy algorithm is developed and tuned using Simulink embed into micro-controller and their performances are compared.