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The development of sensor technology provides massive data for data-driven fault diagnosis. In recent years, more and more scholars are studying artificial intelligence technology to solve the bottleneck in fault diagnosis. Compared with other classification and prediction problems, fault diagnosis often faces the problem of data scarcity. To overcome the lack of fault data, the transfer learning based on different working condition is gradually introduced into fault diagnosis by scholars. This paper discusses the current mainstream AI-based fault diagnosis methods, and analyzes the advantage of transfer learning for fault diagnosis problem. Then, a transfer component analysis (TCA) based method is proposed to transfer data features between different working conditions. Through the TCA-based method, the fault diagnosis model under the working condition can be established with the help of historical working condition. It effectively alleviates the problem of data scarcity under the condition to be predicted. Different from other fault diagnosis studies, this paper considers the online maintenance process based on TCA. A fault diagnosis framework including online maintenance process is proposed. Finally, a case study of bearing diagnosis from Case Western Reserve University proves the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed TCA-based method and our fault diagnosis framework.

This paper is concerned with the problem of integral input-to-state stability (iISS) for a class of continuous-time switched systems with time-varying delays, whose subsystems can be all unstable. By constructing a discretized multiple Lyapunov functional, the iISS for switched delay systems in nonlinear context is firstly established. Then, a special class of linear systems-bilinear switched delay systems, which can only achieve iISS instead of ISS (input-to-state stability) is considered. By resorting to polytope extremum theory, the system equation is transformed into a polytope equation. Subsequently, by using a linear interpolation formula method, sufficient computable conditions for iISS with dwell time switching are presented. A numerical example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of our approach.

Seaport operations are highly important for industries as they rely heavily on imports and exports. A necessary consideration of the port risks is essential to govern the normal running of the seaborne transportation and thus the industrial economies. Trade facilitators, such as ports, will disrupt the smooth flow of supply chains for the industries when a breakdown occurs. The estimation of the economic loss in the industry associated with the port disruption is a challenging task as the relationship between the port and industry clusters is complex. This study aims to examine the existing tools which are in place for the purpose of estimating the risks to industry clusters due to port disruptions. Based on the major limitations of these tools, the study also aims to develop an original approach to address the limitations. This study develops a statistical approach with an integrated Petri Net analysis for the risk assessment in Shenzhen. Recommendations for risk management will be drawn accordingly.

Predicting cotton growth and yield accurately is significantly important to farmland management and sustainable development of agriculture. Remote sensing and crop growth model both have its advantages in crop growth monitoring and yield estimation, however, they also have limitations in mechanism or acquisition of the input parameters. This study combines the satellite remote sensing data and crop growth models by using data assimilation technique. The research uses global optimization algorithm called shuffled complex evolution-University of Arizona (SCE-UA) to constantly inverse and correct the values of model input parameters with the leaf area index (LAI) as the combination point, selects decision support system for agrotrchnology transfer (DSSAT) to build growth model of cotton in Jianghan plain in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. The results of the research show that the precision of simulation is effectively improved after cotton model is assimilated by remote sensing data.

China's real estate market involves many main parties, different interests, and complicated relationship. The regulations on real estate market should not only consider the main interests of the parties involving, but also consider the economic trend as whole, so it's evitable that the regulation encountered the dilemma. In this article, by including the central government, local government, real estate developer, bank, and assessment agencies in the analysis framework and building the five parties game model, we explore a balanced solution through taking the different interest groups into the consideration. The result shows that fluctuation in the house price relates to factors like interest rate, construction of affordable housing, and the activity of assessment agencies, etc., therefore, regulating the housing price have great impact on the economy as whole. Finally, we interpret the current regulation dilemma and provide policy recommendation for the government.

The frame structure of layered quantum signaling is proposed in this paper, and the major functions of each layer are analyzed. We propose a scheme of multi-encapsulated time division quantum signaling frame for the application of the framing layer in the quantum signaling network. The simulation results show that the proposed layered model of quantum signaling where each layer have perfect function not only to meet the needs of multi-user quantum communication, but also the realizable strategy of the framing layer function can be adapted to different situations of quantum communication networks.

Large number of Major Hazard Installations(MHIs) are lay out into two-dimensional spatial distribution in chemical industry complex. It is easily to trigger the domino effect which leads to more serious consequence. By the combination of the tools Delphi, MapInfo, MapX, Matlab, Microsoft Access and computer graphics, the visualization system of accident risk caused by domino effect in chemical industry zones based on GIS is developed. According to the analysis process of domino effect, the numerical algorithms and rendering algorithm are established to achieve the calculation of escalation parameters, determination of escalation probability, analysis of consequence and demonstration of risk cloud figure. By the use of the system, the efficiency and accuracy are improved to the analysis process of domino effect in chemical industry zones.

Insulators are very important in the power system. The fault caused by insulator flashover is in second place of the insulator fault. In this paper, the insulator surface dirt image detection technology using the improved watershed image segmentation is introduced. The experimental result shows that this method can be applied to the insulator online monitoring system in power transmission system.

In order to compensate for the influence of temperature, control voltage, ageing and other disturbances, guarantee that the operating times will remain stable in the long term, a high accurate position control of synchronous VCB is presented. An adaptive fuzzy controller of controlled motion was developed to ensure the movable contact of the circuit breaker always follows the pre-defined optimal travel curves. Test the vacuum circuit breaker's operating characteristics, the test results show that the position control can meet with the consistency of operating times requirements of IEC62271-302 for synchronous switching and the drifts of operating times are less than ± 0.5ms.

Microglia play a pivotal role in synaptic plasticity of chronic pain. In this study, the potential role of interleukin 1beta (IL-1β), mainly released by microglia in early stage of nerve injury, in mechanical allodynia induced by tetanic stimulation of the sciatic nerve (TSS) was examined. Mechanical allodynia was observed on both ipsilateral and contralateral sides of TSS. Moreover, the expression of the microglial marker Iba-1 and the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β were significantly increased. Intrathecal injection of the IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra, 3.5 µg/ml, 20 µl/rat) 30 min before TSS significantly inhibited bilateral mechanical allodynia on day 3, 5 and 7 after TSS. Immunohistochemistry showed that IL-1β was colocalized with the microglial marker OX-42 in the spinal superficial dorsal horn, but not with the astrocytic marker GFAP and the neuronal marker NeuN on day 4 following TSS. The results demonstrate that microglial IL-1β participates in the hypersensitivity of pain behaviors induced by TSS.

Microglia have been proposed to play a pivotal role by releasing proinflammatory cytokines in the central sensitization of spinal pain pathway. In the present study, we investigated the potential role of interleukin-18 (IL-18), mainly released by microglia, in the tetanic stimulation of the sciatic nerve (TSS)-induced mechanical allodynia of rats. TSS produced bilateral mechanical allodynia and the increased expression of the microglial marker Iba-1 and IL-18. Single application of the IL-18 inhibitor IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP, 4.5 µg/30 µl) transiently but significantly inhibited TSS-induced mechanical allodynia on the ipsilateral side at 1h, 3h and 5h following intrathecal injection on day 5 after TSS. Double staining showed that IL-18 was colocalized predominantly with the microglial marker Iba-1 in the spinal superficial dorsal horn, slightly with the astrocytic marker GFAP, but not with the neuronal marker NeuN. The results suggest that spinal IL-18, mainly released from microglia, participates in the induction of TSS-induced central sensitization of pain pathway transmission.

This article uses the BEM electromagnetic field calculation way to simulate the internal electric field distribution of shunt reactor, and discusses the internal electric field impact of reactor about shunt reactor sealed surface insulation cracking and the installation position of multi-tap arc-suppression coil. Simulation results show that sealed surface crack is not only easy to cause the sealed surface fiashover but also will cause bad effect about the turn-to-turn insulation. The article also discusses installation position of multi-tap arc-suppression coil for which can provide feasible suggestion for the production and selection of shunt reactor.

As the impact of external factors, the operating time of the moving contacts of permanent-magnet vacuum circuit breakers would be variant. To implement desired motion behaviors of moving contacts, in this paper, a fuzzy PID controller was designed and simulated. The simulating results show that this controller can work efficiently in the course of synchronous closing though parameters varying, and prove its high precision and adaptability.

Simplified theoretical method is used first to calculate the intensity on the wall of storage tank, and then FEM technique is applied to numerical calculation of levels and distributions of stress and strain on the same one. A results comparison between two methods are made, which shows that there exist big errors in the results by simplified theory method, thus an amendments for the theoretical calculation is putted forward, and a conclusion that the finite element method for stress and strain analysis on the wall of storage tank is more in line with the needs of the practical engineering application is pointed out in the paper.

One of the hottest issues in RFID system is to design low-cost and practical authentication protocol which is necessary. Many researchers have proposed some lightweight authentication protocols which only use lightweight operations to provide some security properties, such as mutual authentication, untraceability etc. In this paper, we analyze the security of an efficient authentication protocol, OHLCAP, and find its weakness. According to its weakness, we proposed a one-way Hash based low-cost authentication protocol with forward security and analyze its efficiency and security. The results indicate our protocol is suitable for low-cost RFID system on storage cost, communication cost, and computation cost of tags. It can not only provide security properties the original has but also provide forward security and prevents against desynchronization attack.

Fractal dimension plays an important role in representing fractal feature of instable, irregular, highly complex and self-similarity geometric objects, which are often seen in nature but couldn't be effectively described by using traditional models based on Euclid geometry. Now the fractal dimension is usually calculated on raster data, but in fact, quite a number of spatial data is stored as vector data, which has great capability in true description of spatial structure information of geographic entity in real world. If these vector data are converted to images to calculate fractal dimension, perhaps some pixels with inaccurate grey value will result from the “GRID” structure of raster data and accordingly reduce the accuracy of calculation. What is more, the precision calculated on Raster Data is closely related to the size of pixel and Grid image. In this paper, a quick computation program of the fractal dimension for 2D vector data based on Windows platform has been designed by using Visual Csharp. The main process of disposing is to read area and perimeter data of polygons and build regression models, then the fractal dimension is calculated on Least Square Method. Validation of the program has been successfully done by adopting existing landscape data supplied in a book named Mathematical Methods in Contemporary Geography. Moreover, the program has been applied to calculate the fractal dimension of land-use types in Qinling Mountains and the southeast Hubei Province, China. The results show that the following advantages of this program have been found: ① higher calculating precision; ② superior to SPSS software and Microsoft Office Excel at calculation speed, which is particularly prominent when applied to a batch vector data processed; ③ easily operated, expanded and maintained; ④ easily attaching the calculating results to the attribute table of raw 2D vector data and auto-arrange ascendingly or descendingly the fractal dimension value, which could consumedly improve working efficiency; and ⑤ able to show the fractal dimension of per polygon by thematic map, which will be useful to study spatial distribution characteristics of geometric objects.

As for deficiency in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)database at present, this paper design and implement a database, discusses design principles and details of it, substructure query of chemical compounds, 2D Structure and 3D Structure display as well. This database includes prescriptions, Traditional Chinese Medicinal Herbs(TCMH), original plants of TCMH, chemical compounds of plants etc four core tables in total. Combined with semantic associations among these four tables, the whole database is an organism, which provides a good tool for research in prescriptions and Traditional Chinese Medicinal Herbs in molecular level.

With the same routing algorithm and network coding scheme, the complexity of network coding (NC) increases with the network scale. In this paper, a network coding scheme based on key nodes is proposed, which is that only the subnet consists of important nodes adopts NC. Using this scheme, the scale of the network that performs NC is reduced, and the complexity of NC is decreased. In wireless network, choosing the steady-going existing nodes as key nodes can increase the stability of network structure. For some especial network which can not adopt linear NC, part nodes can be chosen as key nodes to perform NC. For super large network, the backbone nodes can be chosen as key nodes.

Successful innovation is vital for firm survival in modern service industries. This study empirically investigates the effect of customer's interaction with service production on knowledge transferring, and the consequent effect of knowledge transfer on service innovation performance in service sectors. Following an empirical framework, a survey was developed in seven service sectors and data collected from 122 Chinese service firms. Results indicate strong positive relationships between three dimensions of customer interaction and knowledge transfer. Moreover, two of these three positive links are moderated by service climate. Our study also supports that customer knowledge transfer is positive to service innovation performance.

The relation between two most important players, enterprises and certification bodies, of quality certification market are analyzed by building two-person game second-hand car trade model with two prices in this paper. By introducing a virtual player, the incomplete information game can be transformed into the complete but imperfect information game. Then some conclusions are given: there have two methods to make market succeed absolutely, (1) to eliminate the information's imperfection; (2) to increase the counterfeit cost. And by introducing the double-price second-hand car model with refundment guarantee of enterprises and certification bodies further, the author thinks it will increase counterfeit cost greatly to oblige certification bodies make actual quality promises and take on related liability to some extent. This kind of expensive commitment will make market succeed absolutely; accordingly it can increase and improve the effectiveness of quality certification, and the authority, justness and objectivity will be guaranteed further.

Flexible Graphplan has attracted considerable interest by its extending Graphplan to capture subtlety of most real problems. But its operators are instantiated by full expansion way that may cause an explosion of the number of actions. Corin R. Anderson has proved that factored expansion often produces a much smaller domain model than full expansion does. In this paper, we will incorporate factored expansion into Flexible Graphplan by the approach that split a flexible action into several flexible components, one for each satisfaction degree. Because these components are not independent, we redefine the action mutex of Flexible Graphplan and handle it in our new algorithm FE-FGP. Our work will generate flexible planning graph with less action nodes and improve the efficiency of plan extraction greatly.

A new class of recursive convolutional space-time codes (ReC-STC) with an arbitrary number of transmit antennas is designed by adopting several parallel two-state recursive systematic convolutional codes (RSCs). An intercross linear mapping rule that distributes the output bits of an RSC to the different positions of different transmitted signals is also described. The proposed ReC-STC can not only increase the data rate with the number of transmit antennas, but also performs well when it is used in a serially concatenated space-time code (SCSTC). The convergence analysis shows that ReC-STC based SCSTC has a lower decoding threshold than the available SCSTC.

According to the characteristic of the first-order system with the time-delay and the large inertia, the paper proposes a grading fuzzy control algorithm based on the object specified value. The basic control quantity and the scaling factor are adjusted dynamically. The self-adjusting factor varies with the different control stage. Simulation with a typical first-order air conditioner system shows that unproved fuzzy control algorithm can eliminate the steady-state error and restrain over modulation. The respond speed is rapid. The control frequent is smooth. Due to combining the look-up table with calculation on-line, the hardware resource is also economized.

Nowadays, intelligent planning is a very hot branch in AI because of its wide application. This paper proposes two new concepts: same-effect actions and same-effect propositions, and applies an intelligent planning algorithm which expands the planning graph backwards from the goal set and forwards from the initial state at the same time. The algorithm sufficiently demonstrates the idea of parallel, eliminates the redundant proposition levels, and makes the planning graph be much smaller than the classical one. Therefore, the algorithm has excellent performance in terms of time and space. In addition, the algorithm handles the mutual exclusion relationships (mutex) by adopting a novel idea, and the paper have proved that there are no mutex in the planning graph, namely, the algorithm makes the idea of constructing a planning graph without mutex come true. Lastly the experiments show the algorithm facilitates the process of the problem-solving in artificial intelligence system plan.

Since Graphplan was proposed, intelligent planning has become a research focus in AI. This paper provides a new algorithm that extends Least Committed Graphplan to handling conditional effects. Different from the previous work on it, we employ the sub-mutex relations between action components, which makes the construction of planning graph much faster. In addition, we distinguish brotherhood components and non-brotherhood components, and treat them respectively during solution extraction, in which efficiency of plan synthesis can be improved greatly. The algorithm can find the valid plan just as Graphplan can do, and the problems handled by the algorithm are more than those of Graphplan. Moreover, because of wide application of intelligent planning, our research is very helpful to the development of robotology, natural language understanding, intelligent agent and so on.

At present, intelligent planning in the Graphplan framework is a focus of artificial intelligence. Creating or Destroying Objects Planning (CDOP) is a kind of unsolved but very important problems of this field. In this paper, we make research on such planning problems, divide them into two types and give intensive analysis respectively. We first bring forward the idea of transforming objects into propositions, based on which we transform mutex between objects into mutex between propositions handled easily. In addition, we offer an algorithm called Creating or Destroying Objects in the Graphplan framework (CDOGP) and analyze it thoroughly. Compared with Graphplan, the new algorithm can solve not only the entire problems Graphplan can do, but also a part of CDOP. As our work is still in the Graphplan framework, we can apply the improvements on Graphplan to CDOGP conveniently.

The Graphplan planner has enjoyed considerable success as a planning algorithm for classical planning problems. However, it is argued that this framework is too rigid to capture the full subtlety of many real problems. Hence, a new flexible planning problem is defined and flexible planning method emerges as the times require. This paper just makes research on flexible Graphplan and applies a novel intelligent planning algorithm which expands the flexible planning graph backwards from the goal set and searches a valid plan forwards. In contrast to the existing methods, the algorithm proposes a new approach of backward flexible mutex inference, avoids a complicated process of satisfaction degree propagation, and grantees to acquire the optimal plan. Our method takes into account user’s requirement and taste, strives to improve comprehensive quality of a plan, makes the solution plan more suitable for the needs, and handles the planning problems much closer to the real world. Therefore, our method has its advantage over previous ones in application.

The sensitivities of the bits of low weight codewords in turbo codes to noises are discussed firstly and the result is that the lower weight the higher sensitivity. Theoretical analysis shows that through the protections on such key-bits which have high sensitivities; the minimal weight of the codes can be improved apparently. The simulations also give out the supported results: The BER could be highly improved at high Eb/N0 for code rates both 1/3 and 1/2.

SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) has seriously hit to the worldwide for several months. Without a full understanding of the natural cause of illness and the mode of transmission, precautions are processed by the standard guidelines that lack of extensive system to identify and trace isolated persons, contact history of patients and infected disposals. To shorten the tracking time and increase the accuracy of infection, we introduce in this paper a MHS (mobile healthcare service) system, a platform that uses RFID (radio frequency identification) technologies and mobile devices for positioning and identifying persons and objects both for inside and outside hospital when disease taken place. Also, based on the applications for SARS infection control precautions, this system demonstrates how to receive patient's location and bio-information by using RFID technology for hospital and government to enact real-time infection control measures from the auditing mechanism among isolated patients in households or residential settings. Further, this model shows the possibility to bring medicare service that can become ubiquitous and can cross geographic barriers and enable medical information technology from e-Medicare to m-Medicare for future development in the medical industry.

An orthonomal wavelets based equalizer (OWBE) is presented. The equalizer is represented by a set of orthonomal wavelets and the corresponding coefficients. The paper gives the structure and also the adaption algorithm of the OWBE. Theoretical analysis show that the OWBE convergences faster than the conventional FIR LMS based equalizer, while the increase in the computational complexity is very slow. Several simulations are performed to evaluate the behavior of the OWBE.

Let C[n,k,d] be a q-ary linear code and H=(H/sub 1/,H/sub 2/,...,H/sub n/) be the parity check matrix. We have proved that an [n,k,d] code with d>4 over GF(2) must satisfy k/spl les/n-d+1-log/sub 2/(n-d+1). In this paper, we generalize this bound to GF(q) by several different methods and derived some new bounds for q-ary linear block codes.

We make use of [2nl+1,nl+1] systematic MDS code over GF(2/sup m/), m being a positive integer no less than 64, to construct a new authenticated key distribution scheme with the ability to correct t errors, which may distribute simultaneously a session key k among n users. To protect the integrity of message, a message authentication check symbol is also introduced into the new scheme.

Based on analysis of the property of a class of cyclic codes, an algorithm for neural soft decision decoding of those codes is presented. The complexity of the new algorithm is much less than that of the available algorithms for decoding general linear block codes, and its performance is approached to that of the maximum likelihood decoding.

Based on the known principle of fixed points in mathematical analysis, a sufficient convergence condition for erasure codes is shown. Moreover, it is pointed out that this general convergence condition is weaker than the convergence condition available. Finally, for erasure codes constructed from bipartite graphs with heavy-tail/Poisson sequences we show a necessary and sufficient condition for the algorithm to finish successfully.

We will present the performance data and discuss a few pertinent design details of a cooled directly modulated laser (DML) module that is targeted for use in several SONET OC-192 applications and capable of addressing 10G Ethernet requirements. The intent of the presentation is to demonstrate the performance potential of the module operating at 1310 nm wavelength for these applications. The four primary technical areas of focus are: (1) the ability to continuously operate in adverse environmental conditions, i.e. 85/spl deg/C case temperature, (2) demonstrate transmission up to 80 km is achievable via use of, (3) a high efficiency optical coupling design, and (4) ease of RF interface due to low RF return loss and high bandwidth. These all assume that the laser's intrinsic design is properly specified and well matched to the package design. The regime of engineering design is approaching the practical limits and diminishing returns in terms of RF and optical coupling efficiencies. This suggests that further substantial improvements require a change in the underlying technology.