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10. Detection of Formaldehyde Vapor Using Glass Substrate Coated With Zinc Oxide Nanorods.

Author

Yusof, Haziezol Helmi Mohd, Jali, Mohd Hafiz, Johari, Md Ashadi Md, Dimyati, Kaharudin, Harun, Sulaiman Wadi, Khasanah, M., and Yasin, M.

Abstract

A glass substrate coated with ZnO nanorods via a hydrothermal method for formaldehyde vapor sensing is reported. The proposed sensor device was characterized against formaldehyde vapor concentrations varying from 1% to 5% with a reference point as 0% (pure water) at room temperature. A significant sensing response was observed where the output voltage reduced by 0.0856 V via scattering effect by ZnO nanorods upon exposure to the maximum tested concentration (5%). The sensitivity and linearity of the sensing response were recorded to be approximate values of −0.0168 V/% and 98.06% correspondingly. The sensor device was found to have good measurement stability in measuring as low as 1% of concentration for a prolonged time of 600 s. This proposed sensor has potential applications in monitoring air pollution caused not only by formaldehyde vapor but also by other harmful and toxic vapors or gases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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13. Channel Spacing Effects on XPM Crosstalk in WDM Networks for Various Fiber Types

Author

Sahbudin Shaari, Mahamod Ismail, Yasin M. Karfaa, Fouad Mohammed Abbou, and S.P. Majumder

Subjects
Nonlinear system, Optical fiber, Fiber type, law, Computer science, Cross-phase modulation, Wavelength-division multiplexing, Electronic engineering, Bit error rate, Physics::Optics, Channel spacing, Phase modulation, law.invention
Abstract

In this paper, we present a theoretical analysis of the noise resulting from cross-phase modulation in an optical WDM transmission system. Analytical approach has been used to evaluate the bit error rate (BER) performance limitation of a WDM transmission system imposed by crosstalk due to cross-phase modulation and the influence of changing channel spacing for various fiber types on the (BER) and the cross-phase modulation noise. Mathematical expressions are derived and solved that describe this fiber nonlinearity impairment in a multi-channel optical fiber network with highlighting the mitigation techniques. Numerical results demonstrate the validity of the analysis and theoretical expressions to have an insight about this nonlinear effect under investigation.

Published
2008

14. Stimulated Raman scattering for various fiber types and walk-off lengths

Author

Yasin M. Karfaa, Fouad Mohammed Abbou, Satya Prasad Majumder, Sahbudin Shaari, and Mahamod Ismail

Subjects
Optical fiber, Materials science, business.industry, law.invention, Crosstalk, symbols.namesake, Wavelength, Optics, law, Wavelength-division multiplexing, Bit error rate, symbols, Stimulated emission, Raman spectroscopy, business, Raman scattering
Abstract

Performance analysis is carried out to evaluate the bit error rate (BER) performance limitation of a WDM transmission system imposed by crosstalk due to stimulated Raman scattering. Power penalty evaluated at a BER of 10-9 shows a significant impact of Raman induced crosstalk on the number of wavelengths that can be transmitted. Penalty is higher at higher input power, higher number of channels and higher bit rates used for transmission. Various types of optical fiber have been explored in the numerical assessment and various walk off lengths have been tried.

Published
2007

15. Effects of four-wave mixing crosstalk in WDM networks on the transmitted optical frequencies and wavelengths of channels for various fiber types

Author

Yasin M. Karfaa, Fouad Mohammed Abbou, Satya Prasad Majumder, Sahbudin Shaari, and Mahamod Ismail

Subjects
Physics, Optics, Multi-mode optical fiber, business.industry, Optical cross-connect, Fiber optic splitter, Single-mode optical fiber, Physics::Optics, Dispersion-shifted fiber, Polarization-maintaining optical fiber, Optical performance monitoring, business, Fiber-optic communication
Abstract

We present a comprehensive theoretical study of four-wave mixing in optical fiber with exploring four fiber types. The four-wave mixing induced crosstalk noise is described by an expression that is based on NLS equation, and it describes the mutual channel interference optical losses in multi channel optical communications system. The corresponding system of equations has then been numerically integrated, and the channels interaction phenomena such as four-wave mixing have been described. System performance is evaluated through determining the average bit error rate relation with both of the frequency and wavelength of transmitted optical channels in the presence of four-wave mixing crosstalk noise. Various types of optical fiber have been used in the numerical results. The results can be generalized for all other types of optical fiber.

Published
2007

16. Effects of cross-phase modulation crosstalk in WDM networks on received power and number of channels for various fiber types

Author

Sahbudin Shaari, Yasin M. Karfaa, Fouad Mohammed Abbou, Mahamod Ismail, and Satya Prasad Majumder

Subjects
Physics, Optical fiber, Cross-phase modulation, Optical communication, Physics::Optics, System of linear equations, law.invention, Crosstalk, law, Wavelength-division multiplexing, Electronic engineering, Intensity modulation, Computer Science::Information Theory, Communication channel
Abstract

We present a comprehensive theoretical study of cross-phase modulation in optical fiber with exploring four fiber types. The cross-phase modulation induced crosstalk noise is described by a system of coupled equations, which describes mutual channel interference optical losses in multi channel optical communications system. The corresponding system of equations has then been numerically integrated, and the channels interaction phenomena such as cross-phase modulation have been described. System performance is evaluated through determining the cumulative crossphase modulation crosstalk relation with both of the received power and number of channels. Various types of optical fiber have been used in the numerical results. The results can be generalized for all other types of optical fiber.

Published
2007

17. Effects of crosstalk in an array waveguide grating add/drop router on the performance of WDM networks

Author

Yasin M. Karfaa, Sahbudin Shaari, Mahamod Ismail, and Fouad Mohammed Abbou

Subjects
Router, business.industry, Computer science, ComputerSystemsOrganization_COMPUTER-COMMUNICATIONNETWORKS, Physics::Optics, Data_CODINGANDINFORMATIONTHEORY, Transmission system, Crosstalk, Wavelength, Wavelength-division multiplexing, Computer Science::Networking and Internet Architecture, Electronic engineering, Bit error rate, Drop (telecommunication), Fiber, business, Computer network, Waveguide grating
Abstract

Performance analysis is carried out to evaluate the bit error rate (BER) performance limitation of a wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) network transmission system imposed by crosstalk due to waveguide grating router (AWG) router. The analysis shows that penalty is higher at higher input power, higher number of wavelengths, larger number of nodes, and higher bit rates, while the BER graphs for first, second, and third effects are shown. This network is influenced by linear crosstalk, so, the distance or fiber length in the WDM network is significantly limited by linear crosstalk, which means nodes number, and number of network users are limited. Also, the bit rate is an effective factor, that, increasing it will reason penalty on the network.

Published
2007

18. Homodyne Linear Crosstalk Impact in an Array Waveguide Router as an OADM for WDM Networks

Author

Mahamod Ismail, Sahbudin Shaari, Fouad Mohammed Abbou, and Yasin M. Karfaa

Subjects
Router, Direct-conversion receiver, Demultiplexer, Homodyne detection, Computer science, Wavelength-division multiplexing, ComputerSystemsOrganization_COMPUTER-COMMUNICATIONNETWORKS, Bit error rate, Electronic engineering, Data_CODINGANDINFORMATIONTHEORY, Multiplexer, Optical add-drop multiplexer
Abstract

Performance analysis is carried out to evaluate the bit error rate (BER) performance limitation of a WDM transmission system imposed by crosstalk due to array waveguide grating routing multiplexer/demultiplexer. Power penalty evaluated at a BER of 10-9 shows a significant impact of crosstalk on the number of wavelengths that can be connected to the AWG. Penalty is higher at higher input power, higher number of channels and higher bit rates used for transmission.

Published
2006

45. Fiber-Optic Salinity Sensor Using Fiber-Optic Displacement Measurement With Flat and Concave Mirror.

Author

Rahman, Husna Abdul, Harun, Sulaiman Wadi, Yasin, M., and Ahmad, Harith

Abstract

A simple intensity modulated displacement sensor is proposed for sensing salinity based on different concentration of sodium chloride (NaCl) in deionized water. The proposed sensor uses a 594-nm He–Ne laser as light source due to the high absorbance of NaCl within that wavelength. The peak voltage and its position of the displacement from both flat and concave mirror are studied. For a concentration change from 0% to 12%, the peak voltage decreases linearly from 2.46 to 1.48 mV, while its corresponding position from the flat mirror increases linearly from 1.00 to 1.35 mm with a linearity of more than 96% and 99%, respectively. Similarly, the peak voltage corresponding to the displacement with concave mirror decreases linearly from 3.67 to 3.57 mV, while its position increases linearly from 1.20 to 1.45 mm with a linearity of more than 98% and 95%, respectively. From the experimental results, it is concluded that as the concentration or density of NaCl increases, the peak voltage decreases proportionately. The stability, high sensitivity, simplicity of design, and low fabrication cost make this sensor suitable for chemical, pharmaceutical, biomedical, and process-control application. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
2012
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46. Fiber Optic Displacement Sensor for Temperature Measurement.

Author

Rahman, H. A., Harun, S. W., Saidin, N., Yasin, M., and Ahmad, H.

Abstract

A simple design of a temperature sensor is proposed and demonstrated using a fiber optic displacement sensor based on an intensity modulation technique. The proposed sensor uses a plastic optical fiber (POF)-based coupler as a probe in conjunction with a flat surface aluminum rod as a target. The aluminum rod is placed within the linear range of the sensor's displacement curve, which is from 0 to 1400 μm. The sensor is capable of measuring the temperature of an aluminum rod ranging from 42°C to 90°C with a measured sensitivity of 0.0044 mV/°C, with a linearity of more than 98% and a resolution of 2.4°C. The proposed sensor also shows a high degree of stability and good repeatability. The simplicity of design, accuracy, flexible dynamic range, and the low cost of fabrication are favorable attributes of the sensor and beneficial for real-field applications. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
2012
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47. Measurements and Analysis of a Probe-Fed Circularly Polarized Loop Antenna Printed on a Layered Dielectric Sphere.

Author

Yasin, M. N. Mohd and Khamas, Salam K.

Subjects
*POLARIZATION (Electricity), *DIELECTRIC devices, *CIRCULAR polarization, *BANDWIDTHS, *DYADIC communication, *TELECOMMUNICATION satellites
Abstract

Radiation characteristics of a probe-fed open circular loop antenna are presented when the antenna is printed on a layered dielectric sphere. A smaller parasitic circular loop has been incorporated in the configuration to enhance the circular polarization (CP) bandwidth. The structure has been analyzed rigorously using the method of moments (MoM), where the sphere has been represented using the spherical dyadic Green's function (DGF). The computation efficiency has been enhanced using asymptotic extraction as well as closed form integrations to compute the MoM impedance matrix elements. The computed results are in close agreement with those obtained from measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2012
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