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Industrial robots are characterized by good flexibility and a large working space, and offer a new approach for the machining of large and complex parts with small machining allowances (extra material allowed for subsequent machining). Parts of this type (such as aircraft skin parts, wind turbine blades, etc.) are easily deformed due to their large scale and low stiffness. Therefore, these parts cannot be directly machined according to the designed model. A feasible method is to plan a robotic machining path by using the point clouds of parts after clamping from onsite measurement which contains inherent defects of measurement such as noise points and abrupt points. In this article, a novel method is proposed to plan and optimize a robotic machining path that meets the requirements of smoothness, dexterity, and stiffness based on the point cloud from onsite measurement. The dual nonuniform rational B-spline curves of the machining path points and tool axis points are generated at first. Next, an objective function of smoothness optimization is established to filter out the local mutation of the path by considering the constraints of both the deformation energy and the deviation. Then, the objective function of robot postures optimization is established to optimize dexterity and Cartesian stiffness of a robot during the machining process. To show the feasibility of the proposed method, simulation and experiments are carried out. It is proved that the proposed method can generate a smooth machining trajectory. The stability of joint rotation and the rigidity and dexterity of the robot are improved during the machining process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]