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Many initiatives to control climate change and mitigate its effects have been developed recently. The implementation of the new green logistics strategy and its effects on the commercial sectors in Oman are the subject of several initiatives and studies that are required. The fact that COVID-19 accelerates supply chain management and its operations in Oman to begin using green solutions and a sustainable business strategy to achieve sustainable development, it is critical to understand which aspects deserve specific consideration. Sustainable solutions in the field of logistics management as well as maintaining net zero emissions in the Sultanate of Oman by implementing such a strategy. Maintaining a sustainable business model and sustainable supply chain management will assist any logistics organization in Oman in reducing emissions and achieving long-term success, which directly impacts green logistics. This paper's main objectives are to examine and identify strategies for implementing the influence of green logistics on transportation and how to keep green logistics aligned with a sustainable transportation system. This research also focuses on sustainable business models that will enhance logistics in support of zero net emissions as well as sustainable solutions that will facilitate the implementation of green logistics. The goal will be possible to achieve by combining sustainable SCM with green logistics, just as the associated SCM is necessary and aligns with logistics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the increasing concerns about the adverse effects attributable to climate change, two imperatives of the sustainability paradigm are to reduce pollution and CO2 footprint, especially in the energy-intensive mining, mineral processing and beneficiation sectors of industry. Thus, a major challenge in minerals processing is to optimize the energy consumption of unit operations. In principle, this requires the utilization of all data and information that fully characterize the dynamics of all material and physical elements which constitute the organization that operates an ore crushing and screening process. By analyzing available data and information, this paper highlights how the variability in ore quality influences the energy of crushing and screening operations in a case study comminution facility. The empirical findings reinforce the need to apply robust models based on implementation of 4IR technologies to provide better information for decision making; in this case, towards continuous optimization of energy consumption to lower pollution and the CO2 footprint of comminution unit operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The supply chain is among the factors that have contributed in climate change, whether through the set of environmental impacts resulting from its activities of transport, manufacturing, distribution etc., and due to the enormous number of worldwide companies, which continues to increase, and which involves further negative impact on the environment. The purpose of this paper is to provide the researcher and decision maker with a set of good practices of green supply chain modeling, and some discussions. Indeed, many scholars have carried out theoretical studies in this sense, by dealing with a set of methods and tools; but have not provided an overview of the best practices to be taken into consideration in order to achieve optimal modeling. The proposed framework is the focus of analysis in this paper. Firstly, this paper proposes a brief literature review on the main keywords of this paper, then at the end a conclusion with some direction for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past decade there has been a call for action to reduce the emissions which have contributed to global warming and climate change. Many countries and organizations have invested in renewable resources like solar, wind and hydropower to produce energy in a sustainable way. In recent years, an interest has been taken in hydrogen. This paper highlights the benefits of hydrogen and more specifically green hydrogen which is hydrogen produced using renewable resources. It highlights the current challenges such as production of hydrogen at large scale and the cost of production. During research, the benefits of hydrogen were discovered and the lack of knowledge especially in the public sector were observed. To help create awareness and highlight the future prospects of hydrogen, Microsoft Power BI data visualization tool was used to create an interactive dashboard which can be used to create awareness between the users and to encourage them to adopt renewable energies. Certain countries and companies were highlighted for taking the prominent role in the production of hydrogen and paving the way for others to follow with their findings. With the increase in awareness between communities, it is predicted that government and other entities will be encouraged to explore clearer energy such as hydrogen. It was recommended that in the future when the cost of hydrogen has decreased it can be used to tackle large sectors like heavy duty industrial and transportation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Earth, a complex and interconnected system, faces an imminent threat from climate change, exacerbated by escalating carbon emissions. The Philippines addressed air quality concerns with the Clean Air Act of 1999, emphasizing mobile sources like vehicles. This paper proposed a catalytic converter prototype incorporating zeolite to assess its efficiency in reducing carbon emissions. Employing an experimental approach, the study utilizes t-tests as a statistical tool to compare carbon emissions between vehicles with and without the zeolite-based catalytic converter and value analysis and value engineering to optimize the production process and reduce costs. Based on the obtained results, "Z-Lite'' is a profitable alternative exhaust filter for diesel engines, showcasing its potential to reduce carbon emissions significantly. The statistical analysis, yielding a low p-value, supports the hypothesis that zeolite filters effectively reduce carbon emissions. With over 100 emission centers in the Philippines, the marketability of ZLite in Marikina City underscores its practicality in addressing environmental concerns and promoting sustainable practices in the transportation industry. The integration of value analysis and value engineering ensures that it is both environmentally friendly and affordable, making it a promising and sustainable choice for mitigating the environmental impact of diesel engine emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many initiatives to control climate change and mitigate its effects have been developed recently. The implementation of the new green logistics strategy and its effects on the commercial sectors in Oman are the subject of several initiatives and studies that are required. The fact that COVID-19 accelerates supply chain management and its operations in Oman to begin using green solutions and a sustainable business strategy to achieve sustainable development, it is critical to understand which aspects deserve specific consideration. Sustainable solutions in the field of logistics management as well as maintaining net zero emissions in the Sultanate of Oman by implementing such a strategy. Maintaining a sustainable business model and sustainable supply chain management will assist any logistics organization in Oman in reducing emissions and achieving long-term success, which directly impacts green logistics. This paper's main objectives are to examine and identify strategies for implementing the influence of green logistics on transportation and how to keep green logistics aligned with a sustainable transportation system. This research also focuses on sustainable business models that will enhance logistics in support of zero net emissions as well as sustainable solutions that will facilitate the implementation of green logistics. The goal will be possible to achieve by combining sustainable SCM with green logistics, just as the associated SCM is necessary and aligns with logistics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past decade there has been a call for action to reduce the emissions which have contributed to global warming and climate change. Many countries and organizations have invested in renewable resources like solar, wind and hydropower to produce energy in a sustainable way. In recent years, an interest has been taken in hydrogen. This paper highlights the benefits of hydrogen and more specifically green hydrogen which is hydrogen produced using renewable resources. It highlights the current challenges such as production of hydrogen at large scale and the cost of production. During research, the benefits of hydrogen were discovered and the lack of knowledge especially in the public sector were observed. To help create awareness and highlight the future prospects of hydrogen, Microsoft Power BI data visualization tool was used to create an interactive dashboard which can be used to create awareness between the users and to encourage them to adopt renewable energies. Certain countries and companies were highlighted for taking the prominent role in the production of hydrogen and paving the way for others to follow with their findings. With the increase in awareness between communities, it is predicted that government and other entities will be encouraged to explore clearer energy such as hydrogen. It was recommended that in the future when the cost of hydrogen has decreased it can be used to tackle large sectors like heavy duty industrial and transportation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the increasing concerns about the adverse effects attributable to climate change, two imperatives of the sustainability paradigm are to reduce pollution and CO2 footprint, especially in the energy-intensive mining, mineral processing and beneficiation sectors of industry. Thus, a major challenge in minerals processing is to optimize the energy consumption of unit operations. In principle, this requires the utilization of all data and information that fully characterize the dynamics of all material and physical elements which constitute the organization that operates an ore crushing and screening process. By analyzing available data and information, this paper highlights how the variability in ore quality influences the energy of crushing and screening operations in a case study comminution facility. The empirical findings reinforce the need to apply robust models based on implementation of 4IR technologies to provide better information for decision making; in this case, towards continuous optimization of energy consumption to lower pollution and the CO2 footprint of comminution unit operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper reviews the impact of biogas use in rural communities in Zimbabwe. A comparative study between the use of firewood and the use of biogas can be done. The paper discusses the historical developments in the use of biogas to date. The use and cost of energy and power is assessed to identify options to replace with biogas. Possible replacement of natural gas and firewood usage is also considered. The different and main feed stocks for biogas are discussed with a view to determine feed stock options for Zimbabwe. The challenges around the use of human waste for biogas are examined in terms of perceptions and cultural aspects. A case for biogas use is developed to justify the need to use it since it is a renewable energy. The production of biogas in bio-digesters and biogas plants in different parts of the world is considered to provide possible benchmarks. A discussion of the climate change impacts of biogas use and the mitigation options are presented. Finally, research gaps are identified paving way for future studies. The proposed future studies will focus on these reviewed aspects and research gaps with a view to fully study the impacts of the use of biogas in rural communities in Zimbabwe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the increasing concerns about the adverse effects attributable to climate change, two imperatives of the sustainability paradigm are to reduce pollution and CO2 footprint, especially in the energy-intensive mining, mineral processing and beneficiation sectors of industry. Thus, a major challenge in minerals processing is to optimize the energy consumption of unit operations. In principle, this requires the utilization of all data and information that fully characterize the dynamics of all material and physical elements which constitute the organization that operates an ore crushing and screening process. By analyzing available data and information, this paper highlights how the variability in ore quality influences the energy of crushing and screening operations in a case study comminution facility. The empirical findings reinforce the need to apply robust models based on implementation of 4IR technologies to provide better information for decision making; in this case, towards continuous optimization of energy consumption to lower pollution and the CO2 footprint of comminution unit operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the advent of the industrial revolution, innovation, and the efficiencies it provides, drives economic growth. From Industry 1.0-4.0, new technology deprecates the previous industry paradigm resulting in increases in production capacity; however, the economic correlate of efficiency to production capacity has driven economic performance at the expense of the environment. From the internal combustion engine to light bulbs to desktop PCs to the Internet, technological innovation consumes more energy as gains in efficiency are spent on increases in energy demands to higher demand. This ‘Jevons paradox’ characterises capitalism and the free market throughout the modern industrial age; there are few, if any, popular technologies, which, through their widespread adoption, result in synergistic and sustainable economic and environmental performance. Even so-called ‘sustainable’ technology, e.g., EVs, calculate the contribution to CE based on an economic / environmental ‘balance’. To tip this balance in favour of the environment is the key to closing the CE loop; blockchain represents a feasible solution, but only if it is implemented broadly and deeply across the global SC in production and end of life extension. This paper conducts a thought experiment of BC implementation utilising information cascade as an accelerant to global BC adoption toward CE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As technology advances, climate change comes along with it. The world advances towards an era where everything can be easily manufactured. So, it is essential to know which materials and resources to use and utilize. This study was conducted to know which organic material is stronger as the main component in the production of bioplastics. Such findings benefit the companies that produce or plan to produce eco-friendly bioplastics. The emerging need to use sustainable materials pushed them to divulge in this study. Moreover, this redounds to the benefit of humanity, considering that non-biodegradable materials continue to litter the planet. This paper aimed to promote sustainability and resourcefulness by identifying the better material for manufacturing bioplastics. The literature review presented a detailed discussion on plastics. From how it is caused, up to how it should be reduced and diminished. The researchers prepared samples of corn-based and cassava-based bioplastic, and prepared samples of petroleum-based plastic to serve as the standard in this comparative study. These samples were tested under a series of trials to determine the difference between their tensile strength. The researchers analyzed the results of these trials by using the Independent Samples T-test as a statistical tool to determine the statistical difference between these bioplastics in terms of their tensile properties, with the petroleum-based plastic packages as the standard. From there, the researchers concluded that corn-based bioplastics are up to par with petroleum-based plastics regarding tensile strength. However, it is recommended to try a more relevant test to have more in-depth knowledge of these plastics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supply Chain Digital Transformation is urgently needed in light of the profusion of unforeseeable global events, such as political, economic, and climatic changes. Issues like supply shortages, inventory stockouts, supply-demand mismatch, and lack of coordination and transparency are troubling most modern supply chains. This study explores how smart technologies can be better used to accomplish digital transformation across various supply chain stages and stakeholders. In order to provide a comprehensive knowledge base, this paper reviews 210 of the most significant research articles to scientifically examine the relationships between smart technologies and their strategic role in supply chain digital transformation. This is attempted through literature review, bibliometric analysis, descriptive data analysis, and visual representation. The core contribution of this paper is to highlight the untapped potential of supply chain digital transformation, with a special focus on applications of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning technologies. Another novelty of this study is a detailed mind map that facilitates visualizing, comprehending, and simulating the broad range of results obtained from the bibliometric study. Research gaps, consequences, and future research directions are also highlighted as a further point of reference for academicians and practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the advent of the industrial revolution, innovation, and the efficiencies it provides, drives economic growth. From Industry 1.0-4.0, new technology deprecates the previous industry paradigm resulting in increases in production capacity; however, the economic correlate of efficiency to production capacity has driven economic performance at the expense of the environment. From the internal combustion engine to light bulbs to desktop PCs to the Internet, technological innovation consumes more energy as gains in efficiency are spent on increases in energy demands to higher demand. This 'Jevons paradox' characterises capitalism and the free market throughout the modern industrial age; there are few, if any, popular technologies, which, through their widespread adoption, result in synergistic and sustainable economic and environmental performance. Even so-called 'sustainable' technology, e.g., EVs, calculate the contribution to CE based on an economic / environmental 'balance'. To tip this balance in favour of the environment is the key to closing the CE loop; blockchain represents a feasible solution, but only if it is implemented broadly and deeply across the global SC in production and end of life extension. This paper conducts a thought experiment of BC implementation utilising information cascade as an accelerant to global BC adoption toward CE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As technology advances, climate change comes along with it. The world advances towards an era where everything can be easily manufactured. So, it is essential to know which materials and resources to use and utilize. This study was conducted to know which organic material is stronger as the main component in the production of bioplastics. Such findings benefit the companies that produce or plan to produce eco-friendly bioplastics. The emerging need to use sustainable materials pushed them to divulge in this study. Moreover, this redounds to the benefit of humanity, considering that non-biodegradable materials continue to litter the planet. This paper aimed to promote sustainability and resourcefulness by identifying the better material for manufacturing bioplastics. The literature review presented a detailed discussion on plastics. From how it is caused, up to how it should be reduced and diminished. The researchers prepared samples of corn-based and cassava-based bioplastic, and prepared samples of petroleum-based plastic to serve as the standard in this comparative study. These samples were tested under a series of trials to determine the difference between their tensile strength. The researchers analyzed the results of these trials by using the Independent Samples T-test as a statistical tool to determine the statistical difference between these bioplastics in terms of their tensile properties, with the petroleum-based plastic packages as the standard. From there, the researchers concluded that corn-based bioplastics are up to par with petroleum-based plastics regarding tensile strength. However, it is recommended to try a more relevant test to have more in-depth knowledge of these plastics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supply Chain Digital Transformation is urgently needed in light of the profusion of unforeseeable global events, such as political, economic, and climatic changes. Issues like supply shortages, inventory stockouts, supply-demand mismatch, and lack of coordination and transparency are troubling most modern supply chains. This study explores how smart technologies can be better used to accomplish digital transformation across various supply chain stages and stakeholders. In order to provide a comprehensive knowledge base, this paper reviews 210 of the most significant research articles to scientifically examine the relationships between smart technologies and their strategic role in supply chain digital transformation. This is attempted through literature review, bibliometric analysis, descriptive data analysis, and visual representation. The core contribution of this paper is to highlight the untapped potential of supply chain digital transformation, with a special focus on applications of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning technologies. Another novelty of this study is a detailed mind map that facilitates visualizing, comprehending, and simulating the broad range of results obtained from the bibliometric study. Research gaps, consequences, and future research directions are also highlighted as a further point of reference for academicians and practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supply Chain Digital Transformation is urgently needed in light of the profusion of unforeseeable global events, such as political, economic, and climatic changes. Issues like supply shortages, inventory stockouts, supply-demand mismatch, and lack of coordination and transparency are troubling most modern supply chains. This study explores how smart technologies can be better used to accomplish digital transformation across various supply chain stages and stakeholders. In order to provide a comprehensive knowledge base, this paper reviews 210 of the most significant research articles to scientifically examine the relationships between smart technologies and their strategic role in supply chain digital transformation. This is attempted through literature review, bibliometric analysis, descriptive data analysis, and visual representation. The core contribution of this paper is to highlight the untapped potential of supply chain digital transformation, with a special focus on applications of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning technologies. Another novelty of this study is a detailed mind map that facilitates visualizing, comprehending, and simulating the broad range of results obtained from the bibliometric study. Research gaps, consequences, and future research directions are also highlighted as a further point of reference for academicians and practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The world environment is continuously changing due to various factors that include technological advancements, climate change, economic growth, and population increases. These factors contribute to greater demand for food, energy, and water resources. Policymakers need to strategize and plan accordingly to determine how to preserve the environment due to rising temperatures, water sacristy and increased demand for food resources while also efficiently managing these resources in order to meet sustainable goals. Policymakers are tasked with reducing carbon emissions, as well as increasing resource utilization efficiently all while keeping costs down. An approach known as food-energywater (FEW) nexus is developed in order to promote sustainable development and synergy between resources in the nexus. The adoption of this FEW nexus framework can contribute to a greater understanding between the resources and their connections and thus allow us the evaluation of tradeoffs that exist between the resources and optimize the framework where informed decisions that will aid in achieving sustainability goals (societal, economic, and environmental can be achieved. In this paper, we apply and study the impact of the FEW on a case study in Florida that includes a number of urban farms. The urban farms were developed with the objective of contributing fresh food supply to the local community. The inhabitants of the local community belong to food deserts, where inhabitants are low-income, low-mobility, and do not have access to fresh food within ten miles. Each of the urban farms belongs to a community-scale microgrid (MG) which provides electricity for the local community and the electricity is generated from solar energy. The MG's objective is to meet environmental sustainability goals by contributing fewer carbon emissions compared to traditional energy sources such as coal, crude oil, or natural gas. In addition, solar energy is a viable option due to the amount of solar radiation in the state of Florida. In this paper, the impacts of the proposed framework (urban farms & microgrids) through an analysis of societal, economic, and environmental sustainability measures are investigated. For societal sustainability measurements, the impact of the framework on food security of the local inhabitants are studied. For environmental sustainability, the impact of carbon emissions and the carbon emissions that are avoided due to the use of solar energy are analyzed. Finally, in terms of economic sustainability, the costs of the solar energy infrastructure, as well as possible costs or profits due to lack of electricity production or excess production are estimated. The paper employs an agent-based modeling (ABM) approach to study the interactions between agents in the framework (consumers, urban farms, microgrids) and this will allow to gain a greater understanding of the synergies and tradeoffs that occur in a FEW nexus for the case study considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reducing the carbon footprint along the food supply chain neutralizes the cost of climate change-related impacts on the environment. A third of the food produced globally is wasted along the food value chain. This paper presents a microscopic review covering studies related to carbon footprint analysis across the food industry. The review focuses on the critical aspects of lifecycle-based techniques across the food supply chain, namely, a) calculating the amount of food waste/loss b) evaluating and quantifying the environmental impacts associated with food waste accumulation along the value chain and, c) identifying the stages along the value chain that contribute potentially to the food waste-related emissions and environmental impacts. The results show food waste in terms of mass does not necessarily indicate the food waste-related impact. Although animal-containing products have relatively low waste in terms of mass, they contribute significantly to the food waste-related impact, explicitly affecting global warming potential. This paper's outcomes support food waste-related sustainability assessment and transition to a circular food supply chain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Typhoon Haiyan was the most devastating tropical cyclone that hit the Philippines recorded in the history. With climate change and technological developments, regular conducting of research and technology improvement will add to more innovative and adaptive mechanisms and approaches towards disaster management of our local government. The study aims to answer on how RPA does will be appropriate to use for the needs of LGUs in Metro Manila on their Natural Disaster Management. This study focusses on integrating the voice LGU requirements in Metro Manila into a preliminary design of RPA with high levels of customer satisfaction. Need analysis result was NDRRMOs in Metro Manila needs a tool that can support four thematic phases on their natural disaster management for them able to be timely response, provide real time information and lesser risk for the rescuers. Two preliminary designs were produced from the result of needs analysis, QFD, correlation of pre-requisites of target customers, benchmarking in current practices in other Asian countries and decision analysis. Policy Paper was established to develop a proposal of Government Agency responsibilities in using RPAs and integrate its use in four thematic phases in natural disaster management of the LGUs in Metro Manila. This study will be used on the improvement and performance of LGUs and other government agencies on their assessment and response capabilities with the innovative RPAs for Natural Disaster Management in Metro Manila. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reducing the carbon footprint along the food supply chain neutralizes the cost of climate change-related impacts on the environment. A third of the food produced globally is wasted along the food value chain. This paper presents a microscopic review covering studies related to carbon footprint analysis across the food industry. The review focuses on the critical aspects of lifecycle-based techniques across the food supply chain, namely, a) calculating the amount of food waste/loss b) evaluating and quantifying the environmental impacts associated with food waste accumulation along the value chain and, c) identifying the stages along the value chain that contribute potentially to the food waste-related emissions and environmental impacts. The results show food waste in terms of mass does not necessarily indicate the food waste-related impact. Although animal-containing products have relatively low waste in terms of mass, they contribute significantly to the food waste-related impact, explicitly affecting global warming potential. This paper's outcomes support food waste-related sustainability assessment and transition to a circular food supply chain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent times there is a continuous influence by climate change and human activities on the environment giving rise to hydrological focus research. Hydrologic modeling tools are employed to examine various practical issues arising from planning, design, operation, and management of water resources systems. These include physical, empirical, stochastic, distributed models and open-source watershed models such as Info Works River Simulation (IWRS), Stormwater Management Model (XP-SWMM), Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), Kinematic Runoff and Erosion Model Software (KINEROS), Long-Term Hydrologic Impact Analysis (L-THIA) and River Analysis System (HEC-RAS). From the models mentioned, SWAT is a typical distributed model widely used in analyzing and forecasting several complex hydrologic variables. This paper is aimed at providing an overview of SWAT and its applicability in hydrological modeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent times there is a continuous influence by climate change and human activities on the environment giving rise to hydrological focus research. Hydrologic modeling tools are employed to examine various practical issues arising from planning, design, operation, and management of water resources systems. These include physical, empirical, stochastic, distributed models and open-source watershed models such as Info Works River Simulation (IWRS), Stormwater Management Model (XP-SWMM), Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), Kinematic Runoff and Erosion Model Software (KINEROS), Long-Term Hydrologic Impact Analysis (L-THIA) and River Analysis System (HEC-RAS). From the models mentioned, SWAT is a typical distributed model widely used in analyzing and forecasting several complex hydrologic variables. This paper is aimed at providing an overview of SWAT and its applicability in hydrological modeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, Agenda 2030, entitled "Transforming our World" has tabled aspirations for urgent action on climate change. COP 24, held in 2018 in Poland, wants greater urgency of action from all countries in managing carbon emissions. Human activity is the prime contributor to generating carbon emissions, primarily from electrical power generation from coal, oil and gas and transport driven by carbon based liquid fuels. South Africa has an abundance of coal. South African electricity generation is historically embedded in thermal coal power generation, owning and operating large power stations of typical capacities of 6 x 600 MW turbo-generators. Most recently, South African is busy adding another 12 X 800 MW super-critical turbo-generators. South African imports all its crude oil and natural gas. These are used extensively in transportation of persons and goods. The South African economy is totally based on the carbon economy. Reducing the dependence on coal and liquid fuels will impact jobs and the economy. The interdependencies are complex. The paper presents the status of South Africa's contributions to carbon emissions and the country's aspirations as committed at COP 24. The key performance indicators for the transition period of 2020 to 2050 are considered. The paper concludes with a research proposal for developing strategies and quality standards of measurement and management in moving South Africa's transition away from a carbon based economy over the next three decades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, Agenda 2030, entitled “Transforming our World” has tabled aspirations for urgent action on climate change. COP 24, held in 2018 in Poland, wants greater urgency of action from all countries in managing carbon emissions. Human activity is the prime contributor to generating carbon emissions, primarily from electrical power generation from coal, oil and gas and transport driven by carbon based liquid fuels. South Africa has an abundance of coal. South African electricity generation is historically embedded in thermal coal power generation, owning and operating large power stations of typical capacities of 6 x 600 MW turbo-generators. Most recently, South African is busy adding another 12 X 800 MW super-critical turbo-generators. South African imports all its crude oil and natural gas. These are used extensively in transportation of persons and goods. The South African economy is totally based on the carbon economy. Reducing the dependence on coal and liquid fuels will impact jobs and the economy. The interdependencies are complex. The paper presents the status of South Africa’s contributions to carbon emissions and the country’s aspirations as committed at COP 24. The key performance indicators for the transition period of 2020 to 2050 are considered. The paper concludes with a research proposal for developing strategies and quality standards of measurement and management in moving South Africa’s transition away from a carbon based economy over the next three decades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, Agenda 2030, entitled "Transforming our World" has tabled aspirations for urgent action on climate change. COP 24, held in 2018 in Poland, wants greater urgency of action from all countries in managing carbon emissions. Human activity is the prime contributor to generating carbon emissions, primarily from electrical power generation from coal, oil and gas and transport driven by carbon based liquid fuels. South Africa has an abundance of coal. South African electricity generation is historically embedded in thermal coal power generation, owning and operating large power stations of typical capacities of 6 x 600 MW turbo-generators. Most recently, South African is busy adding another 12 X 800 MW super-critical turbo-generators. South African imports all its crude oil and natural gas. These are used extensively in transportation of persons and goods. The South African economy is totally based on the carbon economy. Reducing the dependence on coal and liquid fuels will impact jobs and the economy. The interdependencies are complex. The paper presents the status of South Africa's contributions to carbon emissions and the country's aspirations as committed at COP 24. The key performance indicators for the transition period of 2020 to 2050 are considered. The paper concludes with a research proposal for developing strategies and quality standards of measurement and management in moving South Africa's transition away from a carbon based economy over the next three decades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, Agenda 2030, entitled "Transforming our World" has tabled aspirations for urgent action on climate change. COP 24, held in 2018 in Poland, wants greater urgency of action from all countries in managing carbon emissions. Human activity is the prime contributor to generating carbon emissions, primarily from electrical power generation from coal, oil and gas and transport driven by carbon based liquid fuels. South Africa has an abundance of coal. South African electricity generation is historically embedded in thermal coal power generation, owning and operating large power stations of typical capacities of 6 x 600 MW turbo-generators. Most recently, South African is busy adding another 12 X 800 MW super-critical turbo-generators. South African imports all its crude oil and natural gas. These are used extensively in transportation of persons and goods. The South African economy is totally based on the carbon economy. Reducing the dependence on coal and liquid fuels will impact jobs and the economy. The interdependencies are complex. The paper presents the status of South Africa's contributions to carbon emissions and the country's aspirations as committed at COP 24. The key performance indicators for the transition period of 2020 to 2050 are considered. The paper concludes with a research proposal for developing strategies and quality standards of measurement and management in moving South Africa's transition away from a carbon based economy over the next three decades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon emission is a huge challenge for the world to combat climate change and achieve the Paris Agreement targets. To address this challenge, it is important to retrofit existing buildings towards net zero carbon (NZC). Many studies have focused on different aspects of building retrofitting towards NZC. However, a study that systematically examines the knowledge domain of building retrofitting towards NZC is lacking. This study aims to analyze the existing research domain of NZC retrofitting through a bibliometric analysis and provide pathways for future research. Based upon 517 relevant articles identified from Scopus, bibliometric analysis was conducted using the VOSviewer and Gephi software tools. Findings revealed the collaboration networks between authors, countries, organizations, and keywords in this research domain. R.F. De Masi and G.P. Vanoli are the two authors with the highest link strength, while the University of Naples Federico II has the highest number of NZC retrofitting publications. In addition, Italy is the country with the highest number of publications, but China is the most productive country when it comes to both publications and citations combined. “Energy efficiency”, “energy saving”, “nearly zero energy building”, “net zero energy”, and “renewable energy” are the most prioritized research areas. Based on identified gaps, future research directions are proposed to include (1) integration of modern technology to simulate NZC retrofitting; (2) optimization of sustainable measures to achieve NZC buildings; and (3)quantification of drivers and benefits of NZC retrofitting. The findings of this study would be useful to researchers, policymakers, and practitioners who are interested in NZC retrofitting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The technical potential for hydropower worldwide is between 31 petawatt-hours a year (PWh/y) to 127 PWh/y, while the economic potential is between 9 PWh/y to 15 PWh/y, the report notes. Hydropower, which is the dominant component of renewable energy, is also under the threat of climate change. Climate change has a large impact on water resources and thus on hydropower. Hydropower generation is closely linked to the regional hydrological conditions of a watershed and reacts sensitively to seasonal changes in water quantity. Hydropower is one of the oldest sources of mechanical power and the largest source of renewable electricity generation in use. Global capacity is around 1300 GW. Hydropower is site-specific and so each project will be unique. Hydropower plants are classified according to their size into micro, mini, small, and large hydropower. In terms of generating the capacity the large plants are the most important. These can be either dam and reservoir plants or run-of-river stations. The latter are the easiest to construct and least disruptive, but the former stores energy and is therefore much more flexible in the way it can be used. Energy is taken from hydropower plants through turbines and a number of designs such as Pelton, Francis and Propeller turbine exist to exploit different head heights of water. Most hydropower developments have environmental effects which must be taken into account before constructionHydropower potential is a function of available water and suitable terrain The main advantages of hydropower are low unit cost, low emissions, ease of control and storage. The challenges of hydropower are huge land requirements for storage, soil erosion, ecosystem disturbance and seasonal variability. About 75,000 hectares of land and 14 trillion liters of water are required on average basis to produce 1 billion kWh annually Hydropower plants have a reservoir developed behind a dam to supply water to the hydraulic turbine for generation of a highly flexible, dispatchable electricity supply. Hydropower can be combined with wind, solar and other sources to supply reliable steady and affordable grid electricity. Hydropower can also be exploited from run-of-the-river resources which have less environmental impact but with overreliance on steady supply of rainwater whose supply is unsteady and unpredictable. Apart from power generation, reservoirs can control floods, supply water, and power from stored water even during drought. Hydroelectric electric power plants are useful for grid electricity sustainability particularly during peak hours where plants that generate flexible and cheaper electricity are on high demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electricity is widely used to manufacture goods and services in all sectors of the economy. While a country's standard of living and degree of economic development is primarily determined by its energy use, electricity generation and distribution influence productivity and overall economic growth. Unfortunately, many developing nations, like Nigeria, are still unable to supply their populations with enough long-term power, which is essential to enhance their standard of life and fuel economic progress. Despite being Africa's largest economy, only around 60% of the Nigeria's 200 million residents has access to electric power. With a rapidly expanding population, it is critical to increase electrical supply to satisfy demand. The Federal Government of Nigeria (FGN) wants to boost access to power from 45 percent to 90 percent by 2030. This paper examines policies created from 2001 to 2020 to investigate how they increased the country's generation and supply of electricity. The findings demonstrate that, because Nigeria is still in the early phases of economic development, it would be sensible to promote renewable energy to boost the economy, decrease energy poverty, and protect the environment. This may be accomplished by diversifying the country's energy mix and constructing renewable energy power plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a tropical country, Indonesia is located below the equator and has sunshine all year round, the sun's rays have been used to dry wet clothes after people wash their clothes. However, with climate change happening, the current weather is difficult to predict. there are many chances of clothes getting wet due to unexpected rain. Especially now that people are busy at work and clothes are hung unattended. To solve this problem, many projects have been carried out, such as standalone clothes drying system, web-based drying clothes system, and the most advanced is clothes drying system that recycle AC heat waste as source of heat. In this paper, automatic clothes retriever (ACR) equipped with mobile apps-based monitoring system was made. Using the ESP32 as the main controller, LDR, rain sensor, limit switch, motor, fan and heating lamp, the ACR will automatically recognize the weather and retrieve-out or retrieve-in the hanger to protect clothes from unexpected rain. As a result, ACR managed to respond to weather change, by retrieveinning the clothes hanger in 14.82 seconds with 10 Kg clothes on it. During the experiment, the maximum energy consumption of ACR was measured, which is 0.289KWh in one hour with full load in the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy efficiency labels are commonly used tools to reduce the energy uses for household appliances for many countries around the world. The energy label targets to fight climate change, protect the environment, and supports Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This paper demonstrates the implementations and developments of energy label in Malaysia. Energy label entails the continuous and prolonged efforts and insights towards finding a balance between social welfare, economic development, and environmental impact. In addition, energy label information and the opinions of people around as external factors are also affecting the purchase intention. Interestingly, the energy consumption growth remained below the GDP growth rate. It is an effective approach to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, save consumers' electricity bills in the long run and reduce the dependence on fossil fuel. Through energy label, companies are encouraged to develop and invest in energy-efficient product design. The Energy Commission (EC) issued energy label to manufactures that fulfil energy performance tests, standards, and requirements started development of implementation energy label in Malaysia. The main goal of energy label is to enable consumers to choose products that consume less energy and save money. Additionally, energy label is among several initiatives implemented by the government to support energy efficiency agenda in Malaysia. Furthermore, a great sense of accountability demonstrated with energy label will influence the private and public sectors to adopt energy-efficient behavior when making decisions. This study offers implication of energy label from the sides of policy makers, and consumers, whereas the implementation of the label in the country is significant to support the SDGs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Freight transportation practices accounted for a significant share of environmental degradation and climate change over the years. Therefore, environmentally responsible transport practices (ERTPs) become a serious concern of freight shippers and transport service providers. Past studies reported that a little attention is paid to assess the ERTPs of freight transport companies. This paper proposed a hierarchical framework consists of five ERTPs dimensions and thirty-three practices including four new practices. The transport firm selection is affected by multiple expert opinions, lack of information availability, decision-making ambiguity, and background of experts. The evaluation of such decisions requires a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method under group decision-making approach. This paper used an intuitionistic fuzzy set integrated analytic hierarchy process (IF-AHP) and VIseKriterijumska Kompromisno Rangiranje (IF-VIKOR) method. The applicability of the proposed framework is validated with Indian freight transport industry. The importance weight of ERTPs are computed with the help of IFAHP method and performance of selected transport companies' w.r.t. ERTPs are measured by IF-VIKOR. The result analysis shows that environmental knowledge sharing among freight transport actors, quality of organizations human resource, collaborative green awareness training programs, promoting environmental awareness program for employees, and compliance of government transport emission law and practice have been ranked top five ERTPs which significantly contribute to the environmental sustainability of freight transport industry. The proposed framework is also ranked freight transport companies based on ERTPs. Two different sensitivity analysis approach are presented to check the model robustness. This research is expected to provide a reference to develop ERTPs in emerging economies freight transport industry and contribute to the development of sustainable freight transport system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Freight transportation practices accounted for a significant share of environmental degradation and climate change over the years. Therefore, environmentally responsible transport practices (ERTPs) become a serious concern of freight shippers and transport service providers. Past studies reported that a little attention is paid to assess the ERTPs of freight transport companies. This paper proposed a hierarchical framework consists of five ERTPs dimensions and thirty-three practices including four new practices. The transport firm selection is affected by multiple expert opinions, lack of information availability, decision-making ambiguity, and background of experts. The evaluation of such decisions requires a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method under group decision-making approach. This paper used an intuitionistic fuzzy set integrated analytic hierarchy process (IF-AHP) and VIseKriterijumska Kompromisno Rangiranje (IF-VIKOR) method. The applicability of the proposed framework is validated with Indian freight transport industry. The importance weight of ERTPs are computed with the help of IFAHP method and performance of selected transport companies’ w.r.t. ERTPs are measured by IF-VIKOR. The result analysis shows that environmental knowledge sharing among freight transport actors, quality of organizations human resource, collaborative green awareness training programs, promoting environmental awareness program for employees, and compliance of government transport emission law and practice have been ranked top five ERTPs which significantly contribute to the environmental sustainability of freight transport industry. The proposed framework is also ranked freight transport companies based on ERTPs. Two different sensitivity analysis approach are presented to check the model robustness. This research is expected to provide a reference to develop ERTPs in emerging economies freight transport industry and contribute to the development of sustainable freight transport system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Freight transportation practices accounted for a significant share of environmental degradation and climate change over the years. Therefore, environmentally responsible transport practices (ERTPs) become a serious concern of freight shippers and transport service providers. Past studies reported that a little attention is paid to assess the ERTPs of freight transport companies. This paper proposed a hierarchical framework consists of five ERTPs dimensions and thirty-three practices including four new practices. The transport firm selection is affected by multiple expert opinions, lack of information availability, decisionmaking ambiguity, and background of experts. The evaluation of such decisions requires a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method under group decision-making approach. This paper used an intuitionistic fuzzy set integrated analytic hierarchy process (IF-AHP) and VIseKriterijumska Kompromisno Rangiranje (IF-VIKOR) method. The applicability of the proposed framework is validated with Indian freight transport industry. The importance weight of ERTPs are computed with the help of IFAHP method and performance of selected transport companies' w.r.t. ERTPs are measured by IF-VIKOR. The result analysis shows that environmental knowledge sharing among freight transport actors, quality of organizations human resource, collaborative green awareness training programs, promoting environmental awareness program for employees, and compliance of government transport emission law and practice have been ranked top five ERTPs which significantly contribute to the environmental sustainability of freight transport industry. The proposed framework is also ranked freight transport companies based on ERTPs. Two different sensitivity analysis approach are presented to check the model robustness. This research is expected to provide a reference to develop ERTPs in emerging economies freight transport industry and contribute to the development of sustainable freight transport system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electricity is widely used to manufacture goods and services in all sectors of the economy. While a country's standard of living and degree of economic development is primarily determined by its energy use, electricity generation and distribution influence productivity and overall economic growth. Unfortunately, many developing nations, like Nigeria, are still unable to supply their populations with enough long-term power, which is essential to enhance their standard of life and fuel economic progress. Despite being Africa's largest economy, only around 60% of the Nigeria's 200 million residents has access to electric power. With a rapidly expanding population, it is critical to increase electrical supply to satisfy demand. The Federal Government of Nigeria (FGN) wants to boost access to power from 45 percent to 90 percent by 2030. This paper examines policies created from 2001 to 2020 to investigate how they increased the country's generation and supply of electricity. The findings demonstrate that, because Nigeria is still in the early phases of economic development, it would be sensible to promote renewable energy to boost the economy, decrease energy poverty, and protect the environment. This may be accomplished by diversifying the country's energy mix and constructing renewable energy power plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aviation industry has established itself to be a driving force behind global advances in technology and innovation, enabling lighter, quieter, and more efficient engine and aircraft designs. However, the industry is set to witness a paradigm shift by emerging technologies of the future, the likes of robotics, unmanned aerial systems, internet of things, artificial intelligence, with the demand for hybrid and electric aircraft as the industry's response to the climate crisis. The information for this research was found using multiple search engines and was gathered by reviewing scientific publications, and publication reports from government and professional organizations reporting original work in the field of commercial aviation. The selection criteria were to review these publications and provide relevant information based on industry trends. This paper discusses the disruptive technologies of the Fourth Industrial Revolution that will impact the civil aviation industry in the not-too-distant future and the role of technology management in enabling organizations to manage their technological capabilities for sustainable competitive advantage. The paper also explores the possible dangers of over dependence on technology, although technology itself has a lot of positive outlooks in terms of simplifying life, yet it comes with multiple drawbacks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the energy sector. With the widespread closures of business and decrease in travels due to the pandemic, there have been significant falls in electricity, coal, gas, and nuclear power consumption. Disruptions in manufacturing facilities and pauses on construction projects bring uncertainty about energy growth in 2021. In the past, similar drops in emissions occurred such as the global financial crisis of 2008 but resulted in a rebound of global CO2 emissions when the market recovered. However, the pandemic brings forth unique risks and uncertainties for industries and governments in having to balance safety with progress. For this COVID-19 related recession, governments have the chance to pivot energy consumption by incentivizing renewable energy sectors like wind, solar, hydrogen, and energy storage that reduce the carbon footprint. Investing in renewables could stimulate economic recovery and aid in the transition to a more sustainable future. However, we see significant declines in such investments. We investigate how the energy industry was affected by and could recover from the challenges set forth by the pandemic and how this recovery could incentivize clean energy technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The adverse impact of climate change is possibly decreased by reducing the anthropogenic carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. As the coal-fired power plant is the primary source of anthropogenic carbon dioxide generation, our research work focuses on the maximization of capturing of released carbon dioxide from the power plant. This paper proposes capturing carbon dioxide by considering decisions regarding clean technology such as carbon capture technology by linear optimization model. This paper's other contribution is to solve the optimization problem considering the loss of energy due to the implementation of the clean technology, which is compensated by incorporating the coal-fired compensatory plant. With the introduction of compensatory plants, the model becomes nonlinear, which is managed by auxiliary equations. It is observed from analysis results that the proposed model is 35.62% more effective to capture carbon dioxide from the coal-fired power plants of Orissa state in India due to the optimal selection of clean technology. These research works provide one of the paths in reducing the risk of exceeding a global temperature increase of 2 0C compare to the preindustrial period in the context of sustainable operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decarbonizing practices in the food industry act as an obstacle in achieving sustainability despite climate change concerns. Roughly one-third of all food produced globally is wasted across the value chain generating 1.6 billion tons of food waste. Regardless of efforts to decrease carbon emissions from the agri-food system, the agricultural sector generates approximately 4.4 gigatonnes of greenhouse gas emissions annually from natural sources for producing food that is ultimately lost along the food supply chain. Although the dairy sector is a primary source of milk, cheese, yogurt, and cream, livestock's supply chain, including their wastes, releases a considerable greenhouse gas such as methane, nitrous oxide, and carbon dioxide. The presented paper has proven that food waste in mass does not necessarily indicate the corresponding food waste-related emissions. Animal-containing products have comparatively low waste in terms of mass. However, the polluting emissions released from the dairy sector are relatively high regarding global warming potential (Kg C02 eq) and carbon footprint. The study results showed that milk dominates the majority of carbon intensity accounted for 50%, followed by cheese 24%, yogurt 20%, and cream 7%. The consumption stage responsible for 50% of dairy food waste in terms of mass. In contrast, the primary production stage accounts for the majority of the dairy sector's carbon intensity. The paper provides recommendations on research direction for mitigating food waste and supports the transitions towards a sustainable food system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The twenty-first century has shown a heightened interest in environmental issues, irrespective of related fields, whether political, public, or business. Relevant treaties to tackle climate change have given rise to the recent interest in environmentalism globally. The organisations will need to find ways and strategies to reduce ecological footprints and cope with green workplace issues. Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) has been a core business practice for large companies in which human resources divisions play an active role in greening the workplace. GHRM practices are required for employees at all organisation levels to improve the organisation's environmental performance. The companies have not trained all employees to save energy, reduce waste, and spread environmental awareness to achieve a sustainable organisation. The present paper seeks to understand the green human resource management (HRM) and sustainable organisation literature collected from the various relevant sources. This study designed using a qualitative approach through review literature. Reviews on green and sustainable finance were conducted by reading and analysing 30 peer-reviewed journal articles and summarised in two tables, namely article journal and publisher distribution and article category on the basis of the subject. This study's findings are that GHRM is an expansion of HRM in developing an environmentally friendly business. Human resources (HR) play an essential role in the organisation. So, HR can contribute to complex environmental management activities. Therefore, employees need to be involved in the decision-making process to increase economic activity and environmental damage. Currently, the impact of business on environmental problems is increasingly visible to society, public and private organisations must increasingly focus on finding solutions to environmental issues towards a sustainable future. This study recommends future research emphasised on Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in developing countries because MSMEs are the driving force for the country's economy. The economic cycle of developing countries is supported by MSMEs which have a role in contributing to a country's gross domestic product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to examine the moderating role of training factors in the relationship between personality and behaviour intention to participate in a career as a nature tourist guide. The survey was conducted in three (3) states, i.e. Pahang, Terengganu, and Kelantan, representing East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. The quantitative method with descriptive research designs has been used to explore insights in the data related to the study's objective. The data were collected using questionnaires adapted from previous studies. The sample of this research consisted of 115 respondents who attended nature tourist guide courses. Purposive sampling technique was applied, and reliability procedures were also confirmed. The survey data were analysed by descriptive and regression analysis using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS-25). The finding shows that training moderate the relationship between personality and behaviour intention to participate as a nature tourist guide in Pahang, Terengganu, and Kelantan. The finding of this study can be used by the relevant parties to understand the importance of training as a moderator that could influence the relationship between personality and behaviour intentions to become a nature tourist guide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green transformation is a process of urban transformation that focuses on using renewable energy sources and green areas (e.g. environmental degradation) for cities' sustainable future. In recent decades, this dilemma has become a universal concern for humankind because of increasing daily needs, urbanisation, population, and economic growth to produce CO2 emissions. Thus, this paper seeks to provide an overview of the literature on green transformation and finance from various sources, summarises the results and makes conclusions based on the findings. This study's design is a qualitative method with mini-review through reading and analysing 30 journal articles. Green transformation and finance reviews were carried out by reading and analysing 30 peer-reviewed journal articles and summarised on the basis of the subject in two tables, namely article journal and publisher distribution, and article category. Using the mini-review analysis, we found that most companies in different countries implement different regulations and policies related to the environment to overcome this green transformation. It is undeniable that lenders are willing to invest their money to support companies that practise environmental sustainability awareness to implement the green transformation to loans. As a result, it is quite significant for companies and countries' performance that have policies and controls on the environment to implement and deploy green finance. In conclusion, this study found a role and government policies related to green finance in realising green transformation and firm performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green finance is one form of transformation system on the basis of the two-way relations between the environment and finance and investment. In term of green, the whole humans' activities should be considering the environment-friendly projects and efficient use of resources. In line with the 2030 plan, the financial and related financial activities, including investment, must be shifted from carbon and intensive resources to sustainable finance. It means that green finance is closely connected to the economy in nature. Today, the world economy is facing the global economic challenges, i.e., sustainable green finance, because it requires adequate funding. Of these, the government agencies and financial institutions must provide the funding to support sustainable green finance implementation. The present paper seeks to provide an understanding of the sustainable green finance literature that has collected from the various relevant sources. This study designed using a qualitative approach through review literature. Reviews on green and sustainable finance were conducted by reading and analysing 30 peer-reviewed journal articles and summarised in two tables, namely article journal and publisher distribution and article category on the basis of the subject. This study's findings are that the government should maintain economic stability by considering environmental problems and climate change. The transformation system of sustainable green finance is categorised as the high level of complexity and uncertainty. There are several obstacles in implementing a green financial system, such as government readiness to increase the country's resilience to unstable social and economic conditions and changing a paradigm of business actors to focus on green financing. In conclusion, this study found that the government plays a crucial role in ensuring green finance in entirely business sectors (industry and non-industry) and accelerating the transition period by creating conducive economic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green finance is one form of transformation system on the basis of the two-way relations between the environment and finance and investment. In term of green, the whole humans' activities should be considering the environment-friendly projects and efficient use of resources. In line with the 2030 plan, the financial and related financial activities, including investment, must be shifted from carbon and intensive resources to sustainable finance. It means that green finance is closely connected to the economy in nature. Today, the world economy is facing the global economic challenges, i.e., sustainable green finance, because it requires adequate funding. Of these, the government agencies and financial institutions must provide the funding to support sustainable green finance implementation. The present paper seeks to provide an understanding of the sustainable green finance literature that has collected from the various relevant sources. This study designed using a qualitative approach through review literature. Reviews on green and sustainable finance were conducted by reading and analysing 30 peer-reviewed journal articles and summarised in two tables, namely article journal and publisher distribution and article category on the basis of the subject. This study's findings are that the government should maintain economic stability by considering environmental problems and climate change. The transformation system of sustainable green finance is categorised as the high level of complexity and uncertainty. There are several obstacles in implementing a green financial system, such as government readiness to increase the country's resilience to unstable social and economic conditions and changing a paradigm of business actors to focus on green financing. In conclusion, this study found that the government plays a crucial role in ensuring green finance in entirely business sectors (industry and non-industry) and accelerating the transition period by creating conducive economic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past few decades, the impact of energy demand on the environment has increased global nations focus on sustainability efforts to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that required intervention and a shared sense of responsibility. The need for a long-term sustainable energy policy became of high importance due to the increasing CO2 emissions and the rising marginal cost of natural gas supply, which is the primary backbone of the UAE domestic energy system. The UAE government recognized the need to deploy renewable energy to address climate change and CO2 emission problem by diversifying their energy resources, but the critical challenge is to minimize the gap between RE policy formulation and actual implementation. This study conducts intensive research to support solar energy deployment in the UAE by introducing a framework to promote feasible RE policy mechanisms that can be implemented to break up the monopoly. Therefore, the research intends to assist UAE electricity authorities in considering RE policies to meet the energy demand by taking advantage of UAE's abundant solar irradiance, which reduces the dependence on fossil fuels. However, the paper's main findings indicate RE policies to promote sustainability deployment, including feed-in-tariffs (FIT), net metering, RE auctions (tendering), quotas, and tax credits. In contrast, a mixed FIT policy and quota policy is recommended for the UAE's electricity sector whereas the significant factors influencing RE development are geographical, economic, technological, environmental, and political factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to human induced global warming, sea levels are increasing globally. From 2006 to 2015, the rate of its increase has more than doubled, from 0.06 inches (1.4 millimeters) per year over the majority of the twentieth century to 0.14 inches (3.6 millimeters) each year. The current reliance on fossil-based socioeconomic system, along with land subsidence and groundwater extraction, are only some of the factors that accelerate the rise of sea levels. Different local governments propose adaption measures to aid cities from the effects of rising sea levels but effective policies to combat climate change have been marginal due to the inability to properly conduct an integrated assessment on the different factors that influence climate change. The complexity and dynamic nature of this issue presents difficulties for policy and decision-making processes. System dynamics modeling has proven to be extremely valuable in a variety of sectors for assisting decision-makers in grasping and projecting the dynamic behavior of complex systems to enable the creation of successful policy initiatives. This paper makes use of a system dynamics model to evaluate different adaptation strategies to determine which information and evidence is seen to be relevant for policymaking. Results show that efforts to reduce carbon emissions depend heavily on the transition of its energy mix from carbon-rich coal to low-carbon natural gas. Temporarily reducing a basin's water stress through various policy changes can also alleviate groundwater activities and further slow down the rise of sea levels. Sensitivity and scenario analyses were also conducted to illustrate "what if" relationships in relation to these policy changes. These results provide relevant information that can be utilized by government bodies around the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the Quebec government has highlighted the importance of making decisions that are both sustainable and robust under climate change uncertainties. This paper aims to answer the following question: How to sort the alternatives according to their degree of sustainability achievement while evaluations are uncertain and temporal? The general objective of the paper is to propose a first temporal sorting method under stochastic uncertainty. The proposed method, called TSMAA-Tri, will assign each alternative to a predefined category based on a generalization of SMAA-Tri to a temporal context (multi-period evaluation of alternatives) where alternative evaluations are stochastic. The method starts performing Monte Carlo simulations to generate stochastic evaluation values. Each simulation (scenario of uncertainty) will generate a specific value for each criterion using the corresponding probability distribution. Then, aggregation consists in applying SMAA Tri at each period and performing a triple aggregation: i) uncertainty aggregation; ii) multi-criteria aggregation; and ii) temporal aggregation. Multi-criteria aggregation consists in applying the SMAA-TRI method at each period. Then, two ways of temporal aggregation are proposed, based either on acceptability index or on outranking index of boundary profile. The proposed method is illustrated for sustainable forest management to show its applicability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to human induced global warming, sea levels are increasing globally. From 2006 to 2015, the rate of its increase has more than doubled, from 0.06 inches (1.4 millimeters) per year over the majority of the twentieth century to 0.14 inches (3.6 millimeters) each year. The current reliance on fossil-based socioeconomic system, along with land subsidence and groundwater extraction, are only some of the factors that accelerate the rise of sea levels. Different local governments propose adaption measures to aid cities from the effects of rising sea levels but effective policies to combat climate change have been marginal due to the inability to properly conduct an integrated assessment on the different factors that influence climate change. The complexity and dynamic nature of this issue presents difficulties for policy and decision-making processes. System dynamics modeling has proven to be extremely valuable in a variety of sectors for assisting decision-makers in grasping and projecting the dynamic behavior of complex systems to enable the creation of successful policy initiatives. This paper makes use of a system dynamics model to evaluate different adaptation strategies to determine which information and evidence is seen to be relevant for policymaking. Results show that efforts to reduce carbon emissions depend heavily on the transition of its energy mix from carbon-rich coal to low-carbon natural gas. Temporarily reducing a basin's water stress through various policy changes can also alleviate groundwater activities and further slow down the rise of sea levels. Sensitivity and scenario analyses were also conducted to illustrate "what if" relationships in relation to these policy changes. These results provide relevant information that can be utilized by government bodies around the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A coal based power plant is considered as one of the main sources of the emission of carbon dioxide, which is the principal etiological agent for climate change due to global warming, and thus poses great threat to the Sundarbans, the largest mangrove forest in the world and its surrounding regions because of a high emission rate of greenhouse gases (GHGs) such as carbon dioxide. In this paper, we propose a nonlinear mathematical model to assess the emission of carbon dioxide, produced from the coal-based power plant at Rampal in the Bagerhat district of Bangladesh and its possible aftermath on the ecosystem. We study the process using a three compartmental ecological model which is generally used for modeling dynamic ecosystems and process to assess the concentration of greenhouse gases like CO2. The model has been analyzed both analytically and numerically. The analytical findings have been validated with the numerical simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]