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The advancement in information technology has transformed the world. There has been a tremendous impact of information technology on contemporary vocational education. This chapter highlights the impact of information technology on vocational education paradigm in China. In general, education paradigm has gone through three stages: empirical imitation education, computer-aided education, and data-driven education. China's vocational education is experiencing a transformation of paradigm from teaching support to learning support. This work is focused on how to construct a learning support paradigm in China's vocational education system through information technology. The Open University of China creating an innovative approach to learning support paradigm is discussed and three key elements of strategy for constructing a learning support paradigm of vocational education through information technology are presented in the chapter.

Chinese pharmaceutical market value is about USD 110 billion in 2009, and it has become the world’s second largest market. Chinese pharmaceutical firms are becoming a growing player in global pharmaceutical chains. In this paper, sample firms are selected and surveyed with a focus on effective internationalization strategies and paths, through an empirical research, this paper summarizes the internationalization of Chinese pharmaceutical firms, and finds the effective strategies of international market entry are product upgrading along the industrial chains, international certification and cooperation, outsourcing and licensing, and other paths of overseas expansion. The implication for pharmaceutical firms in emerging market is to choose the suitable strategies based on own advantages, learn from the experience of other emerging market and domestic leading companies of internationalization, and gradually enter the standard market. This study not only provides international market entry strategies for the latecomers of Chinese pharmaceutical firms, but also enriches the internationalization theory of emerging market.

Based on China’s carbon emissions of agriculture, the authors appraise the area differentiation of carbon emissions of agriculture; examine the influential factors of agricultural carbon emissions in China. The results show that the performance of China’s agricultural carbon emissions is on the rise. The agricultural carbon emissions in the west of China increase rapidly. The area differentiation of agricultural carbon emissions in China decreases. In general, the major driver of carbon emissions is agricultural development level. Industrial structure, energy efficiency and labor transfer have significant effects on the performance of agricultural carbon emissions.

Beijing biopharmaceutical industrial base are currently still in its infancy, innovation network and collaborative innovation system within pharmaceutical industrial clusters still have many problems, and cluster-based technology innovation mechanism and pattern needs further exploration. This study focuses on Beijing pharmaceutical industry clusters, and industry cluster theory, learning theory, and regional innovation system theory apply to the practice of Beijing pharmaceutical industrial bases. The study discusses on the related concepts of technology learning, and establishes a technology learning network among industry clusters, and presents a technological learning system under the cluster network on the basis of existing learning theory. According to characteristics of biopharmaceutical industry, the study develops a basic framework of regional innovation for biopharmaceutical industry clusters, and proposes synergistic development strategies of Beijing north and south pharmaceutical industry clusters.

The Chinese pharmaceutical market has become the world's second largest market. The Chinese pharmaceutical industry is becoming a growing player in global pharmaceutical chain. This chapter aims to solve following issues: the market orientation and resource base of Chinese pharmaceutical industry, the role in the global pharmaceutical industrial chain, and the international market entry modes of Chinese pharmaceutical companies. The sample companies are selected and surveyed with a focus on the international market entry modes. Through an empirical research, this chapter summarizes the experience of Chinese pharmaceutical internationalization and finds the effective modes of international market entry are product upgrading along the industrial chain, international certification and cooperation, outsourcing and licensing, and other paths of overseas expansion. The implication for pharmaceutical companies of emerging markets is to choose the suitable entry modes based on advantages, learn from the experience of other emerging markets and domestic leading companies of internationalization, and gradually enter the standard market. This study not only provides international market entry modes for the latecomer of Chinese pharmaceutical companies but also enriches the internationalization theory of emerging markets.

There has been increasing interest in informal learning in recent years and interest in managing informal learning, especially in workplaces. This study selects sample companies and surveys in informal learning in work environments and presents the current situation and problems of informal learning in workplaces. The study establishes the mode of informal learning in the work environment and develops the conceptual framework of managing informal learning. This is done based on the theories of knowledge management and social constructionism.

This paper demonstrates the commercializing trend and phenomenon of the contemporary culture, arguing that as an intangible commodity, culture has special and limited commercialization that it’s only a superficial homogeneity brought by cultural commercialization. Cultural commercialization is the release of cultural intensity and connotation. This paper illustrates the industrialization process of Chinese culture, probes into the cultural consumption demand and structure in contemporary China, and analyzes the cultural consumption phenomenon of the Chinese public. This paper draws a conclusion on the destined cultural commercialization and the development trend of cultural consumption in China.

Although the research on virtual tourism made great progress in China, there is still a gap compared with international research on virtual tourism. With the promotion of virtual reality technology and the development of tourism industries, virtual tourism will effectively meet the needs of tourists. This study focuses on functions and profit models of virtual tourism in China, and also discusses on the application of virtual tourism in China.

China’s pharmaceutical market value is about USD 110 billion in 2009, and it has become the world’s second largest market. Chinese pharmaceutical firms are becoming a growing player in the global pharmaceutical chain. Through empirical research, this chapter summarizes the internationalization experience of Chinese pharmaceutical firms, finds that the effective strategies of international market entry are product upgrading along the industrial chain, international certification and cooperation, outsourcing and licensing, and other paths of overseas expansion, and presents that pharmaceutical firms in emerging markets should choose suitable entry paths and strategies according to their own advantages, learn the experience of internationalization from leading firms in emerging market, and gradually enter the standard market.

The chapter focuses on comparing and analyzing the development models of typical regional innovation systems in the world, discussing the relationship of regional innovation system and R&D centre growth, and points out that the emergence of R&D centre and growth are tight relative with the development of regional innovation system. Through researching on typical cases of India’s Banglore, Singapore and Taiwan’s Xinzhu, the paper summarizes the experience that establishing and perfecting regional innovation system will improve R&D centre growth. Using the experience for reference, some strategies to promote R&D centre are put forward as conclusions.

The development of information technologies should be able to benefit to every educated person. The use of information technologies in special education is a little studied by Chinese scholars. This study focuses on China’s special education from the perspective of information technologies, discusses the causes and impact factors why the information technologies applications in special education in China is a blind area, presents the two principles for information technology applications in special education, and put forwards to three implementation models of special education applications in special education.

Knowledge is taken as core competitive power in the current society. The teacher as an educational operator often touch much knowledge, if they could manage knowledge efficiently, the work efficiency will be increased greatly. To mine knowledge and make tacit knowledge explicit, teachers should manage personal knowledge. By the survey of teachers’ personal knowledge management in China, the study finds some problems in terms of Chinese teachers’ personal knowledge management, especially many Chinese teachers are not good at making use of Web technologies to assist them on managing knowledge and communicating with other teachers. One studying focus of Web 2.0 technologies is personal knowledge management, and Web 2.0 provides a series of effective tools and platforms for personal knowledge management. The chapter discusses on the concept of teachers’ personal knowledge management, and presents the strategies of teachers’ personal knowledge management based Web 2.0 technologies, using for reference for teachers’ personal knowledge management practice.

This chapter discusses the Intellectual Capital (IC) and its management within the services-oriented firms. It argues that IC and its management are as important as in a product-oriented firm. The authors aim to analyze the intellectual capital in the service-oriented firms, focusing on various components, such as human, structural, and relational capital (IC stock), and how to manage it (IC activities). Specifically, the authors examine IC stock and IC activities in a special type of Italian services firms: the Local Public Utility (LPU). These firms are peculiar since were affected by the privatization process and this has made a great need for rethinking the role of intellectual capital within their structure and how to handle it.