Search

This chapter recommends applying block chain technology to the cocoa supply chain. Using this technology, it will be possible to show and guarantee the traceability of the final product. Traceability in the cocoa chain begins in the production stages (harvest and post-harvest) to obtain relevant data related to cocoa beans and their producers, promptly, until finding the raw material origin and inputs used during the process. The material provider's name must be considered, as well as the manufacturer's expiration date, the batch number, and the production area's reception date. This is why authors recommend using Block chain, which is a data structure that stores information chronologically in interlinked blocks. It works as a digital master book and the participants reach an agreement to register any information in the blocks. Throughout the chapter, authors show how to apply this technology.

AFSA is an industrial company that produces flexible packaging and has more than 200 plants on five continents. It has an important presence in South America with five plants in the region. Among its main features is to supply other industries (B2B) produce under the strategy make-to-order, with local, regional, and corporate hierarchies. Its value proposition is aimed at delivering superior customer service to the market with innovative and quality products. However, due to the acquisitions that the company has made in the last two years in different countries of the region and the growth in the consumption of flexible packaging, the strategies among the different areas of the company have not been aligned, creating incompatibilities between the strategies of the functional areas like sales, operations, finance, and supply chain. This chapter proposes to optimize the supply chain of AFSA, using a strategic methodology of diagnosis and operational analysis to have a multidimensional approach that allows for decision-making.

The world is facing a problem caused by the management of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) packaging. In the Peruvian context, the studied company is the only local company that has a factory which is able to process post-consumer plastic bottles in order to transform them into recycled resin; this is why it performs a fundamental role. This recycled resin is used for elaborating new packages, generating a circular economy into line with the new global paradigm of switching to a model that seeks to reduce, reuse, and recycle. Finally, it was concluded that the collection center implementation will allow the recycling unit to purchase an average of 76 TN additional annual raw materials. The project would have a cost of US$ 151,383, generating a Net Present Value (NPV) of US$ 144,500 with a 25.9% of Internal Rate of Return (IRR), making it viable in a moderate scenario with a recovery period of five years.

In the chapter, the optimal budget was assigned to prevention projects in the northern regions, through an analysis that took into account criteria such as the degree of vulnerability, the level of poverty, the population, and the level of expenditure execution (capacity management of each regional government) in 2015 and 2016. AHP (multicriteria analysis) was used to estimate the degree of vulnerability of each region, since to determine this it is necessary to take into account several criteria and fuzzy logic in order to obtain the budget for each region. The regions to be analyzed were Ica, Lima, Ancash, La Libertad, Lambayeque, Piura, and Tumbes, the most affected by El Niño Costero in 2017.

This chapter develops a decision support tool with a focus on the humanitarian logistic chain in a crisis environment considering process drivers' constraints such as costs, capacity, and throughput time. For instance, elements to reduce the suffering of the affected families, by using an adequate supply support for the first 72 critical hours. The authors will focus on minimizing the risks of shortages in the first response supplies in a high flood probability zone in Peru. This research presents different scenarios and it analyzes the representative variables (demand, civil defense warehouses, points of distribution, distance and logistics resources), the humanitarian chain value, and the effective distribution of the aid in the affected areas with efficient operations that balance between the economic and operative resources in this recurrent logistical problem. The results present three crisis situations with a distribution plan and a base of a public policy to prevent a crisis.

International audience; The Handbook of Research on Urban and Humanitarian Logistics is a critical scholarly publication that addresses urban logistics and resilience, sustainable urban logistics, humanitarian logistics in urban areas both for crisis or long-term, and planning for resilient urban development. Featuring a broad range of topics that discuss the new and future trends in urban logistics and resilient cities, this publication is ideal for public planners; urban planners; company managers in logistics and transport; consulting agencies; regional, national, and international institutions and organizations; researchers; academicians; and students.