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In 2016, the ILO conducted studies of good practices by multinational enterprises (MNEs) for the promotion of decent work in four different sectors of the economy: chemicals, logistics, tourism and tea. This report comprises a comparative analysis of good practices by MNEs in the four sectors to help understand constituents'capacity-building needs and identify potential areas for future work.

This report shows that decent work is vital to reducing poverty. Poverty has tended to decline in many emerging and developing countries, whereas it has tended to increase in the majority of advanced economies, including in terms of working poverty. The report examines the role that policy can play, particularly with economic policies, employment programmes, enterprise development, social protection and social dialogue. It also discusses the role of international labour standards.

This report provides a global overview of recent trends in employment, unemployment and labour force participation as well as different dimensions of job quality such as vulnerable employment and working poverty. The report covers all countries in the world and describes patterns in the main regions and sectors. It also presents projections for the period 2015–17 for employment and unemployment.

This publication analyses economic and social upgrading in global supply chains in four different sectors of the economy: animation/visual effects (VFX), electronics, gold and retail. These four sectors were selected for their diversity to provide insight into general trends across the global economy. A comparison of the four sectors aids understanding the social and the economic implications of supply chains within the context of the changing global economy and helps identify potential areas for future work.

The ILO Governing Body decided in 2013 to place an item on decent work in global supply chains on the agenda of the 105th Session of the International Labour Conference. Many studies have explored the economic and trade dimensions; however, less attention has been paid to the implications for employment, working conditions and labour rights, including freedom of association and collective bargaining. The general discussion therefore has an original contribution to make to the global debate.

This report focuses on the draft Programme and Budget for 2016–17 as examined in advance of the 105th Session of the International Labour Conference (June 2016).

This study adopts a comparative perspective and provides a detailed analysis of the core issues in relation to India, the Philippines and Sri Lanka, three major labour-sending counties. The conceptual framework of the study presumes that migration management in countries of origin consists of three domains: regulation and (in certain countries) promotion of labour migration and support services; administrative structures; and financing.

This publication offers policy-makers and administrators a guide for evaluating how labour migration policies work in practice, based on experiences in ASEAN and other parts of the world. It discusses labour market tests, the recruitment process, labour protection for migrant workers, the impacts of migration on destination and origin countries, and difficulties in evaluating labour migration and practical steps national authorities can take. A final section reviews the experience of Malaysia.

Nearly half of trade agreements concluded in the past five years included either a labour chapter or labour provision that makes reference to international labour standards and ILO instruments. But challenges remain, particularly with respect to sustainability of impacts, coherence, and cooperative efforts. This report, part of the Studies on Growth with Equity series, gives a full examination of the scope and effectiveness of these labour provisions.

Este informe, parte de la serie Estudios sobre crecimiento con equidad, examina la eficacia de las PAMT implementadas en América Latina, especialmente las políticas implementadas en Argentina, Colombia y Perú.​

This report, part of the Studies on Growth with Equity series, examines the effectiveness of Active Labour Market Policies (ALMPs) implemented in Latin America, notably policies carried out in Argentina, Colombia and Peru.

This report provides a picture of where women stand today in the world of work and how they have progressed over the past 20 years. It examines the global and regional labour market trends and gaps, presents an in-depth analysis of the gender gaps in the quality of work and explores the key policy drivers for gender transformative change.

Le Code CTU fournit des renseignements et références détaillés sur tous les aspects de chargement et d'assujettissement de la cargaison dans des conteneurs et autres moyens de transport intermodal, en tenant compte des prescriptions relatives à tous les modes de transports maritime et terrestre.

In 2014, the ILO Governing Body decided to place the evaluation of the impact of the Declaration on Social Justice for a Fair Globalization on the agenda of the 105th Session of the International Labour Conference. The present report takes into account the views expressed in informal tripartite consultations and the replies to a questionnaire received from tripartite constituents representing over 100 Members.

In 2014, the ILO Governing Body decided to place a standard-setting item on the agenda of the 105th Session of the International Labour Conference, on the revision of the Employment (Transition from War to Peace) Recommendation, 1944 (No. 71), with a view to the elaboration of a Recommendation. This report contains replies to a questionnaire sent to member States as well as proposed Conclusions.

This report by the ILO Director-General outlines the ILO's role and strategies vis-à-vis the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda with regard to poverty reduction.

This last performance report under the Strategic Policy Framework 2010–15 is structured around the four strategic objectives of the Decent Work Agenda – employment, social protection, social dialogue and rights at work – and 19 outcomes. The 2014–15 programme emphasized eight areas of critical importance (ACIs), each seeking to address situations of major concern in a high number of member States and where the ILO can make a difference. The biennium also witnessed the further consolidation of the reform programme initiated by the Director-General in 2012.

Drawing on the most recent data, the report outlines the trends in labour migration within Asia and between Asia and other – particularly OECD – countries. It also reviews the links between migration and human capital development and includes an overview of national initiatives and bilateral agreements on this issue.

This guide provides information for employers, workers and their respective organizations on how to promote and value ethnic diversity in the workplace through the design, implementation and monitoring of a workplace ethnic diversity policy. The guide provides a framework that can be adapted to regional and national realities, variations in sector and enterprise size, as well as throughout supply chains where applicable. This is the second guide in a series on promoting equity in the workplace and follows Gender Neutral Job Evaluation for Equal Pay. Users are encouraged to follow either all of the guide or those parts that are relevant to their strategic objectives, priorities, codes of conduct, and national legislation and local context. Parts of the guide can also be adapted to accommodate the various stages of diversity interventions. The guide is neither prescriptive nor binding. Workplace diversity initiatives are a legal imperative in many countries. Moreover, workplace diversity initiatives improve organizational adaptability and competitive advantage as well as reduce legal risks to the enterprise. Despite knowing this, many enterprises are unsure of how to implement sustainable and credible diversity initiatives. This guide is a step by step approach to preparing, implementing and monitoring a diversity policy in the workplace. Clear definitions and concrete examples allow the user to implement a diversity policy that is aligned to the enterprise's values and strategic objectives.

The report brings together data collected from the ILO global company survey in 2013 on gender diversity in the workplace, specific to the Asia-Pacific region, and also incorporates other latest data to provide overview of the status of women in business and management. The evidence is showing that gender diversity is good for business, and women increasingly represent an important source of talent, the data clearly illustrates a lack of women in top management positions and a concentration of women in certain types of management and occupations. Some progress has been made but much remains to be done in terms of gender equality in the workplace. The report serves to highlight the key role of employers'organizations in supporting business and advocating for gender equality and women's equal opportunity employment in the workplace and provides an overview of key actions for business

Migrant workers make a critical contribution to Myanmar's economic and social development, however, decades of isolation from the international community and gaps in the policy framework governing labour migration have meant that their situation at places of origin is still inadequately understood. To obtain further information about safe migration knowledge, attitudes and practices, the ILO's GMS TRIANGLE project partnered with the Myanmar Development Resource Institute's Centre for Economic and Social Development to conduct a survey of 625 potential migrant workers at three target sites within Myanmar. The pioneering study will be used to shape the design and evaluate the impact of policy measures, capacity building trainings and support services to protect the rights of migrant workers throughout the migration process.

The ILO builds on the vision that local actors are important contributors to employment creation, social protection and the protection of fundamental principles and rights at work. In this view and in order to localize the Decent Work Agenda (DWA), the ILO signed a cooperation agreement with the World Organisation of United Cities and Local Governments (UCLG) in 2012. Working together, the two organisations improve local actors'capacities through South-South and City-to-City Cooperation and projects focusing on employment creation, local economic development and formalization of the informal sector.

El Convenio sobre la negociación colectiva (núm. 154) fue adoptado por la Conferencia Internacional del Trabajo en 1981, como instrumento para la promoción de la negociación colectiva. El Convenio núm. 98, de 1949, sobre el derecho de sindicación y de negociación colectiva, dispone que se han de adoptar medidas adecuadas para estimular y fomentar el pleno desarrollo y la utilización de procedimientos de negociación voluntaria entre, por una parte, los empleadores y las organizaciones de empleadores y, por otra parte, los trabajadores y las organizaciones de trabajadores. Sin embargo, en dicho instrumento no se especifi ca cómo esto se llevará a cabo. En 1981, para complementar el Convenio núm. 98, la Conferencia Internacional del Trabajo adoptó el Convenio sobre la negociación colectiva (núm. 154) y la Recomendación conexa (núm. 163). En estos instrumentos se establecen los tipos de medidas que pueden adoptarse para promover la negociación colectiva y se defi nen los objetivos de tales medidas. En razón de su naturaleza promocional, el Convenio núm. 154 puede aplicarse en países con diferentes condiciones económicas y sociales, diferentes marcos legislativos y diversos sistemas de relaciones laborales.

Following the repeal of European and American export sanctions on Myanmar, the country's garment sector is now experiencing new levels of growth. The Myanmar Garment Manufacturers Association (MGMA) reports that new garment factories are opened every week, and the number of workers involved in the industry is forecasted to grow from the current 260,000 employees to 600,0001 in the next three years.

This publication aims to contribute to a better understanding of the challenges for compliance in the domestic work sector. It also identifies how countries have defined policies and practices to provide better services to domestic workers and their employers in the domain of working conditions, with a specific focus on labour inspection. The guide provides information in a user-friendly manner, aiming to assist member States to identify practical measures to address non-compliance issues and to better shape the action of relevant institutions, in particular labour inspectorates, to bring the laws protecting domestic workers into practice.

This labour market trends analysis was conducted to better understand the characteristics and dynamics of the labour migration process in the countries to where they are bound. Such insight is intended to lead to better protection of migrants and to help maximize the economic benefits from migration for all parties and ultimately to help improve the experience of South Asian migrant workers going abroad for employment. The majority of South Asian migrant workers (from Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and Nepal) journey abroad for jobs in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries of Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) but also to jobs in India and Malaysia. The labour market trends analysis entailed a series of studies in the six major countries of destination (India, Kuwait, Malaysia, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the UAE) to determine the current labour migration framework conditions and assess future demand. Then a series of studies in countries of origin was conducted to describe their migration profiles in the context of the destination countries studies. This report is a consolidation and analysis of the findings from the six individual destination country studies and related literature. The studies examined the labour demand in countries of destinations, the present and emerging relationships between national economies, employment characteristics and labour demand and how various migrant labour policies translate into different forms of preference or restriction. The actual characteristics of migrant labour in countries of destinations, the filtering and distorting mechanisms of the recruitment mechanisms and the way the migrant labour preparation and recruitment.

This double issue of the International Journal of Labour Research explores the causes for the unequal distribution of wealth along global value chains and analyses mechanisms that can better ensure that the vast wealth the chains generate is more equitably distributed.

The demand for domestic workers is on the increase within India and in many other countries. This indispensable, yet unrecognised and invisible, labour force is vulnerable and subject to abuse. This study seeks to understand the problems of women migrant domestic workers and to assess the nature of abuse they face, including whether some are victims of forced labour or trafficking for labour exploitation as defined in international law. It examines two of the most frequented migration routes for female domestic workers in India: from the state of Kerala in Southern India to the Arab states and from the state of Jharkhand to New Delhi. Inadequate regulation and loopholes in existing procedures have allowed unregistered agents to exploit migrants for financial gain. These agents have established an efficient mechanism not only to facilitate irregular emigration but also to assist abused workers to return home through informal networks. Lured by better prospects and hoping their migration will turn out well, women play down the hardships they may face abroad. Migrant domestic workers from Jharkhand mostly live in, and many report physical abuse, abusive language, restriction of movement, long working hours and lack of clarity regarding wages. The study uncovers indications that most domestic workers who migrate to the Arab States and some of the internal migrants face conditions of trafficking and forced labour.

Ce double numéro du Journal international de recherche syndicale explore les causes de la répartition inégale des richesses le long des chaînes d'approvisionnement mondiales et analyse des mécanismes qui peuvent mieux veiller à ce que l'immense richesse que les chaînes génèrent soit plus équitablement répartie.

The ILO estimates that 21 million people are currently victims of forced labour. Employers are committed to the elimination of this abhorrent practice. Not only does it create unfair competition and ultimately affect the bottom line, but it represents a huge potential reputational risk, particularly when global supply chains have reached unprecedented levels of complexity. Employers overwhelmingly supported the adoption of two important new ILO instruments in 2014, the Protocol to the Forced Labour Convention, 1930 and the Forced Labour Recommendation (Supplementary Measures), No. 203. This newly revised edition of the Employers'Handbook on forced labour, produced jointly by the International Organisation of Employers (IOE) and the ILO, offers updated guidance to employers on what forced labour is, how to detect it and effective ways to combat it, thereby ensuring that business operations remain free of such practices. The revised handbook reflects new ILO statistics and research on forced labour as well as the framework of action approved by the ILO Governing Body in 2014. It takes into account as well the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, endorsed by the Human Rights Council in 2011. In a series of seven booklets, the handbook provides guidance on preventive and remedial action, reviews good practice in combating forced labour, and presents information relevant to senior business managers, human resource personnel, sourcing and social compliance staff, social auditors and others.

Este número doble del Boletín Internacional de Investigación Sindical explora las causas de la desigual distribución de la riqueza a lo largo de las cadenas mundiales de suministro y analiza los mecanismos que mejor pueden asegurar que la gran riqueza de las cadenas generan se distribuye más equitativamente.

El Convenio sobre el trabajo marítimo, 2006, contiene una amplia serie de normas de alcance mundial, que reúne prácticamente todos los convenios y recomendaciones sobre el trabajo marítimo adoptados desde 1920 en un instrumento único, de nuevo formato y requerimientos innovadores que reflejan las condiciones modernas del sector. Esta nueva y esencial fuente de referencia incluye también el Convenio (núm. 185) sobre los documentos de identidad de la gente de mar (revisado), 2003, el Convenio (núm. 188) y la Recomendación (núm. 199) sobre el trabajo en la pesca, 2007, los Convenios fundamentales y la Declaración de la OIT relativa a los principios y derechos fundamentales en el trabajo y su seguimiento.

Great strides have been made towards gender equality over the last two decades. Nevertheless, deep gender disparities persist across the globe, surfacing in labour markets, as well as other realms. Compared to men, women continue to earn less, are more likely to partake in unpaid labour, and are more apt to be excluded from decent work and opportunities for advancement. As gender equity is increasingly seen as a pillar for sustainable economic development and broad social well-being, alternative models to development which incorporate women's equality in work are needed. Rooted in values of self-help, equality, and equity, as well as economic growth through cooperation and democratic processes, co-operative enterprises are well-positioned to answer this call.

This publication examines the labour, human health and environmental dimensions of e-waste management in China, analyzing both the formal and informal sectors. It identifies the needs for synergizing policies and measures concerning environmental pollution control and labour protection in e-waste management.

Against a backdrop of sluggish economic conditions and continued weak job creation, the investment plan proposed by the European Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker would provide a rapid economic stimulus that would foster Europe's competitiveness at the same time as boosting much-needed employment creation. The main finding of this report is that, if careful consideration is given to the design of the programme and its allocation, over 2.1 million net new jobs would be created by mid-2018. Part of the Studies on Growth with Equity series.

Avec l'adoption d'une résolution de l'OIT sur la «transition juste pour tous» en 2013, il est devenu nécessaire de définir les éléments constitutifs d'un cadre pour cette transition équitable. Cette édition du Journal International de Recherche Syndicale étudie les exemples passés d'ajustements et de restructurations économiques dans différentes régions du monde afin d'en tirer les leçons au plan politique et de les utiliser pour donner des orientations pour l'avenir.

Con la adopción de la resolución de la OIT sobre una «transición justa para todos», es ahora necesario definir los elementos que componen un marco para esta transición justa. Esta edición del Boletín Internacional de Investigación Sindical estudia casos de ajustes económicos y de reestructuraciones en las diferentes regiones del mundo a fin de extraer lecciones aprendidas en el frente político y de utilizarlas para informar el marco de una transición justa.

This report assesses the issue of competitiveness in the EU and other advanced and emerging economies and to promote a clearer understanding of its relationship to the crisis and to long-term labour market and social outcomes. Its policy recommendations, which include investments in new technologies, building a skilled productive workforce and improving credit systems, are important for reinforcing competitiveness while maintaining social cohesion in the EU. Part of the Studies on Growth with Equity series.

This essential reference presents the full text of the Maritime Labour Convention, 2006, with the 2014 amendments to the Convention, along with a collection of related standards, including the Seafarers'Identity Documents Convention (Revised), 2003 (No. 185), the Work in Fishing Convention, 2007 (No. 188) and its accompanying Recommendation, the ILO's fundamental Conventions and the Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work and its follow-up. To help with implementation, this edition also includes the text of the 2015 edition of Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ).

The Global Wage Report analyses the evolution of real wages around the world, giving a unique picture of wage trends and relative purchasing power globally and by region. The 2014/15 edition examines the link between wages and inequality at the household level.

El Documento informativo sobre ratificaciones y actividades normativas (Informe III (2)) ofrece una perspectiva general de lo acaecido en el ámbito de las normas internacionales del trabajo durante el año 2014. Se trata de un complemento a la información proporcionada en el informe de la Comisión de Expertos en Aplicación de Convenios y Recomendaciones (Informe III (1A)).

The present bilingual volume (Report V(2B)) contains the English and French versions of the proposed Recommendation on the transition from the informal to the formal economy, amended in the light of the observations made by governments and by employers'and workers'organizations and for the reasons set out in the Office commentaries in Report V(2A). This text served as a basis for the second discussion at 104th Session of the International Labour Conference (June 2015).

La Comisión de Expertos en Aplicación de Convenios y Recomendaciones es un órgano independiente, constituido por juristas cuya misión es examinar la aplicación de los convenios y recomendaciones de la OIT por los Estados Miembros de esta Organización. El informe anual de la Comisión de Expertos cubre numerosos aspectos relacionados con la aplicación de las normas de la OIT.

La Commission d'experts pour l'application des conventions et recommandations est un organe indépendant, constitué de juristes ayant pour mission d'examiner l'application des conventions et recommandations de l'OIT dans les Etats Membres de cette Organisation. Son rapport annuel couvre de nombreux aspects touchant à l'application des normes de l'OIT.

The Committee of Experts is an independent body composed of legal experts charged with examining the application of ILO Conventions and Recommendations by ILO member States. This annual report covers numerous aspects relating to the application of ILO standards.

La discusión recurrente de este año se centra en cuatro ámbitos de política: las políticas salariales; la ordenación del tiempo de trabajo; la seguridad y salud en el trabajo (SST); y la protección de la maternidad. Estos ámbitos de política fueron vitales en la fundación de la OIT, en 1919. Son elementos centrales de la relación de trabajo y factores determinantes para la competitividad y la capacidad de innovación de las empresas.

El presente volumen (Informe V (2B)) contiene la versión española del texto propuesto para la recomendación sobre la transición de la economía informal a la economía formal, que ha sido enmendado a la luz de las observaciones formuladas por los gobiernos y por las organizaciones de empleadores y de trabajadores, y que también se ha modificado por las razones expuestas en los comentarios de la Oficina, en el Informe V (2A) sobre la transición de la economía informal a la economía formal.

La finalidad del presente informe es proporcionar a los delegados que participarán en la 104.ª reunión de la Conferencia Internacional del Trabajo información actualizada sobre la importancia de las pequeñas y medianas empresas (PYME) para el empleo, las principales dificultades a las que se enfrentan esas empresas y sus trabajadores y la eficacia de las medidas destinadas a prestar apoyo a este tipo de empresas.