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Students with specific learning disabilities (SpLD) need timely remedial education and provisions to continue their education within the main-stream. The Government of India has enacted the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (RPwD) Act, 2016, and legitimized SpLD as a disability, nationally. This Act mandates screening of every school student for SpLD on completion of eight years of age, setting up of resource rooms for imparting remedial education in all schools, and provisions in examinations for all afflicted students. This Act authorizes that students with SpLD get benefit of reservations in higher education seats and government jobs. To ensure that this Act is implemented effectively, all stakeholders in the field of education and health will have to collaborate to set up sufficient number of assessment clinics, create sufficient number of special educators, and develop validated screening and assessment tools for diagnosing SpLD in all the regional languages of our country.

Objectives: To assess the proportion and pattern of extracardiac birth defects in children with congenital heart defects referred to a tertiary care institute., Methods: Cross-sectional observational study from January 2010 to June 2011., Results: Out of 560 children with congenital heart defects, 98 (17.5%) had extracardiac birth defects. Fifty-six had multiple congenital defects; 36 were syndromic cases and 6 had laterality defects. A total of 386 extracardiac birth defects (103 major and 283 minor) were documented, with craniofacial and skeletal birth defects being the commonest., Conclusion: Extracardiac birth defects are common in children with congenital heart defects.

Specific learning disability (dyslexia, dysgraphia, and dyscalculia) afflicts 5-15% of school-going children. Over the last decade; awareness about this invisible handicap has grown in India. However, much needs to be done to ensure that each afflicted child gets an opportunity to achieve his or her full academic potential in regular mainstream schools. In order to achieve this ideal scenario, all regular classroom teachers should be sensitized to suspect, and trained to screen for this disability when the child is in primary school. School managements should become proactive to set up resource rooms and employ special educators to ensure that these children receive regular and affordable remedial education; and be diligent in ensuring that these children get the mandatory provisions both during school and board examinations. Once specific learning disability is recognized as a disability by the Government of India, these children with the backing of the Right to Education Act, would be able to benefit significantly.

A 9-year-old-girl presented with clinical features of autoimmune hepatitis and associated signs of cholestasis in the form of itching and elevated levels of serum alkaline phosphatase. There was histologic evidence of bile duct injury. Hence a clinical diagnosis of "overlap syndrome" of autoimmune hepatitis with primary sclerosing cholangitis was considered.

We present here the first case of Fanconi-Bickel syndrome, a rare type of glycogen storage disease, from India. A 17-month-old female child presented with severe growth retardation and abdominal distention. Clinical examination revealed a "doll-like" face, massive hepatomegaly, and rickets. Laboratory investigations confirmed severe hypophosphatemic rickets and proximal renal tubular dysfunction. Liver biopsy showed glycogen accumulation in the hepatocytes.

Drug safety monitoring is important in children. Young age, polypharmacy, prolonged hospitaliza-tion, being critically ill and use of unlicensed and off-label drugs have been identified as risk factors which predispose a child to experience an adverse drug reaction. In our country, the HIV/AIDS epidemic, setting up of intensive care units, increasing availability of imaging studies, and the introduction of several new drugs and vaccines have accentuated the need for improving drug safety monitoring in children. To achieve this aim, establishing in-hospital computerized event monitoring program in major hospitals and an effective national post- marketing drug surveillance network are the need of the hour.