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Objective: The purpose of our study was to evaluate the changes occurring in maximum flow velocity and waveform patterns of the portal and hepatic veins during pregnancy in second and third trimesters., Methods: A total of 204 patients were randomly divided into the study and control groups. The control group was classified as group I; the study group was divided into two groups: group II, second trimester pregnancy (14-26 weeks, n = 91) and group III, third trimester pregnancy (26-40 weeks, n = 63). Vein waveforms were classified as triphasic, biphasic and monophasic., Results: Maximum flow velocities of both right hepatic vein and main portal veins were lower in group III compared with group I and group II (p < 0.05). On the basis of hepatic vein and portal vein waveforms, the incidence of biphasic pattern was prominent in group II (p < 0.05) whereas the monophasic pattern was prominent in group III (p < 0.05)., Conclusion: The results demonstrate that as gestational age progresses, maximum flow velocities of both right hepatic vein and main portal veins intend to be decreased with an increased incidence of monophasic wave form pattern, and may be accepted as sensitive parameters of indicators of physiological adaptations related to pregnancy.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate serum adiponectin, leptin, apelin and omentin levels to explore metabolic changes occurring during fasting in the month of Ramadan. The study was designed as a prospective study. The patients were divided into two groups, each comprising 20 patients: Group I, fasting pregnant women, and Group II, non-fasting pregnant women. The patients' age, parity, gestational week and body mass index were recorded. Adiponectin and omentin levels were significantly lower in fasting pregnant women (p < 0.001). When the two groups were compared in terms of serum leptin and apelin levels, both were found to be significantly higher in Group I than in Group II. The findings of the present study suggest that pregnant women who are willing to fast during 24-38 weeks' gestation should be informed about insulin resistance.

Aim: We aimed to evaluate vitamin D, apelin-36, and visfatin levels in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)., Material and Method: The study was completed in six months, including a total of 110 patients who were admitted to the obstetrics and gynecology polyclinic. Patients with a diagnosis of PCOS were divided into two subgroups according to their vitamin D levels. Thirty-four patients had <10 ng/ml of vitamin D deficiency and 21 patients had 10-30 ng/ml of vitamin D insufficiency, with each being defined as a subgroup., Results: Average apelin-36 and visfatin levels in PCOS patients were 2.52 ± 0.68 nmol/L and 72.63 ± 22:31 ng/ml, in the control group they were 0.92 ± 0.33 nmol/L, 24.66 ± 6 ng/ml, respectively. The difference found in PCOS patients was statistically significant (p = 0.0001, p = 0.0001)., Conclusion: In conclusion, the present study shows that in PCOS patients with low levels of vitamin D, insulin resistance is greater and apelin-36 serum levels were significantly higher. Although there are different opinions in the literature on this subject, we believe that when vitamin D levels are brought to an optimal level in PCOS patient, it can prevent the negative effects of adipokines in the pathogenesis of PCOS.

Objective of the study is to determine the human nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent deacetylase sirtuin 1 level in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This cross-sectional study included 24 patients aged 20-38 years, who were diagnosed to have PCOS (patient group). The control group included 16 age- and body mass index-matched healthy female volunteers. The patients and controls were compared in terms of pre-prandial blood glucose, the homoeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index, and cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), C-reactive protein (CRP) and sirtuin 1 levels. The mean sirtuin 1 level in the patient group (6.67 ± 2.29 ng mL(-1)) was significantly higher than that in the control group (4.69 ± 1.85 ng mL(-1)) (P = 0.007). Correlation analysis showed that there were no significant differences between the groups in fasting blood glucose, HOMA-IR index or cholesterol, triglyceride, HD, LDL and CRP levels. The sirtuin 1 level, which is associated with inflammation, the immune system and insulin metabolism, was higher in the PCOS patients than in the healthy controls.