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Objective: To determine Spanish-speaking school professionals' level of knowledge and attitudes regarding pediatric TBI., Methods: School professionals(n = 2,238) from 19 countries completed an online-survey regarding their training, knowledge and misconceptions, attitudes and perceptions about TBI., Results: Of the full sample 75% (n = 1689) knew what TBI was, though only 18% (n = 350) reported having experience with a student with TBI. Only 7.7% (n = 143) and 3% (n = 55) of participants could identify all of the common short- and long-term TBI sequelae, respectively. Special education professionals, those with experience with a student with TBI, and those who had received training regarding TBI showed greater knowledge in these areas. Although participants showed high levels of knowledge in 6/24 misconceptions of TBI, they endorsed others. Group, sex, experience with students with TBI, training in TBI, and number of years working were significantly linked to some misconceptions about TBI; however, the effect sizes were small., Conclusion: The knowledge and experience that Spanish-speaking school professionals have regarding childhood TBI are minimal. It is therefore critical that these professionals receive a more comprehensive education during their academic training and the practice of their profession about TBI.

Primary Objective: The Post-Concussion Syndrome Scale (PCSS) is a self-report questionnaire that measures post-concussive symptom severity and has been primarily normed on young Caucasian samples. This study aims to explore the factor structure models of a Spanish translation of the PCSS at a chronic post-traumatic brain injury (TBI) time point., Research Design: Descriptive and exploratory research designs were utilized., Methods and Procedures: The study consisted of a monolingual sample of Spanish-speaking adults from Colombia, with 100 subjects in the control group and 70 subjects in the TBI group. A t-test, chi-square, and MANOVA were calculated to compare group differences. Cronbach's alpha was calculated to investigate reliability. Confirmatory factor analysis compared item loadings onto an existing four-factor model. Exploratory factor analysis sought to identify a new factor model if the loadings did not fit., Main Outcomes and Results: There were no group differences in demographic variables. Internal consistency was acceptable. Model fit indices revealed a poor fit with the original four factors. Item loadings revealed a novel six-structure model., Conclusions: While the PCSS appears to capture general post-TBI sequelae, the underlying factors may differ due to cultural and linguistic differences in Spanish-speaking individuals. Clinical implications and future directions are further discussed.

Objective: To explore how health care professionals who work with individuals with TBI address issues related to the assessment and treatment of sexuality after TBI., Methods: A survey composed of 53 questions was developed to evaluate professional training, assessment of sexuality in individuals with TBI and attitudes towards sexuality. The sample consisted of 324 self-identified TBI health care professionals., Results: Ninety seven per cent of participants believed that sexuality should be discussed during rehabilitation; however, 36% reported talking about it. Seventy nine per cent reported that their patients have asked about sexuality after TBI, with 60% feeling calm and competent addressing the topic. The main reason for not discussing the topic was that patients do not ask for information (42%). Assessment (87%) and treatment of sexuality (82%) in individuals with TBI are considered a part of their professional responsibility., Conclusion: Despite recognition of the importance of addressing the topic and the belief of it being their professional responsibility, many professionals reported lack of training. Working to increase comfort with the topic and providing comprehensive education on treating sexuality may be beneficial.