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The series of HEFAT (Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics) conferences is one of many conferences for scholars to present their work in progress and to disseminate new research outcome...

Reading deeply in the Canon will not make one a better or a worse person, a more useful or more harmful citizen. The mind's dialogue with itself is not primarily a social reality. All that the Western-Canon can bring one is the proper use of one's own solitude, that solutude whose final form is one's confrontation with one's own mortality. (Bloom 1994:30)

This document expresses the consensus of a worldwide community of fusion energy researchers on directions for research on the field-reversed configuration (FRC) over the next 5 yr.The FRC, a variet...

The research process is used as a model for structuring an undergraduate term-paper assignment. Sequential assignments given through the semester require students to define their topic, conduct library research, refine the scope of the paper, write a draft, obtain peer review, and revise for formal submission. Weekly feedback by the instructor provides an opportunity for students to improve both content and writing quality and has resulted in better final products. An emphasis on library research introduces students to the primary and secondary literature in geology, accessed by manual and computerized means. Because the term paper is prepared in a progressive fashion, students are required to use a microcomputer with a word-processing program to encourage more efficient use of their time. A pre-course survey of students found they had had little prior experience with geological literature, word processing, or preparing term papers with cited references. A survey at the close of the semester found strong ...

Thermal hydraulics has continued to be one of the most critical and challenging subjects in the field of nuclear engineering. Several issues of concern include improved understanding of the fundame...

This article evaluates the impact of extending a traditional written research paper into a digital documentary on students’ perception and level of comprehension of a global sustainability issue. An adaptation of Moon's (1999) five-stage map of learning was used to assess the written and digital projects students submitted to a statewide conference. The assessment was enriched by a survey gauging students’ feelings about the process of creating their papers and documentaries. Results show the value of the written paper (expository) as a reflection artifact of a student's personal worldview. Transforming the message into a digital documentary encourages students also to appreciate global issues through the eyes of cultural “others,” a process Hanvey (1982) called “perspective consciousness.”

College algebra fulfills general education requirements at many colleges in the United States. The study reported here investigated differences in mathematics achievement between undergraduates in college algebra classes using one of two homework methods: WeBWorK, an open-source system for web-based homework, or traditional paper-and-pencil homework. We assessed learning for 439 students in 19 college algebra classes at a large public university in the United States. Twelve classes used WeBWorK and seven had traditional paper-and-pencil homework. Analysis of covariance revealed no significant differences in algebra performance or achievement gain by homework group, ethnicity or gender when statistically controlling for previous mathematics achievement. Results support the conjecture that WeBWorK is at least as effective as traditionally graded paper-and-pencil homework for students learning college algebra in moderately sized lecture-based classes.

This article introduces a group of articles on the history of paper and issues of scarcity in the history of newspapers and news media generally. The articles discussed share a concern with the parallels between paper scarcities in newspaper history and spectrum scarcities in broadcast history. This introductory essay comments on the similarities and differences between the two kinds of scarcity and comments more broadly on the rise and fall of bottlenecks in media systems, paying attention both to how scholars have discussed materialities of media communication and how legacy news media in the digital era have encountered a new competitive landscape.

The Memory Orientation Screening Test (MOST(®)) is a 29-point scale for identifying and following mild and major neurocognitive disorders in older patients. Previous research demonstrated validity in separating patients with normal vs. impaired cognition and high correlations with tests of memory and attention. This study compares the original paper-based MOST(®) with a computerized (iPad app) version, the MOST(®)-96120, to determine the equivalence of formats. A total of 98 consecutive older patients were administered identical versions of the MOST and MOST-96120 in a random order, separated by 1 hour of interspersed testing, in a 3-hour neuropsychological evaluation. MOST and MOST-96120 scores were compared with each other, with global cognitive ratings, and with standardized tests of memory and attention. Both versions had equivalent means and standard deviations, very high inter-test correlation (r = .92, p < .001), and equal correlations with outcome measures. Both versions separated patients into normal vs. mild NCD vs. major NCD categories with equal accuracy. ANOVA showed no significant difference between versions or presentation order. Both versions correlated very highly with cognitive level and neuropsychological endpoints, confirming previous research. The MOST-96120 is a computerized neuropsychological assessment device that demonstrates equivalence with its paper-based original, allowing for confident reliance on the findings of previous research.

In this laboratory experiment we examined the effect of resume format (paper resume only, video resume only, or both) on applicant evaluation. Differences in applicant personality trait evaluation were found for extraversion and agreeableness when video resumes were reviewed compared to when only paper resumes were reviewed. In addition, social skill and mental capability ratings were lower when only video resumes were reviewed. These findings indicate that video resumes may result in different assessments of applicant personality and harsher evaluations of applicant skills and abilities than paper resumes. Human resource personnel are cautioned in the use of video resumes until more research has been completed.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the difference in legibility between e-books and paper books by using an eye tracker. Eight male and eight female subjects free of eye disease participated in the experiment. The experiment was conducted using a 2 × 3 within-subject design. The book type (e-book, paper book) and font size (8 pt, 10 pt, 12 pt) were independent variables, and fixation duration time, saccade length, blink rate and subjective discomfort were dependent variables. In the results, all dependent variables showed that reading paper books provided a better experience than reading e-books did. These results indicate that the legibility of e-books needs further improvement, considering fixation duration time, saccade movement, eye fatigue, device and so on.This study evaluated the legibility difference between e-books and paper books from the viewpoint of readability, eye fatigue and subjective discomfort by using an eye tracker. The results showed that paper books provided a better experience than e-books. This indicates that the readability of e-books needs further improvement in relation to paper books.

This study examines a two-stage two-dimensional cutting stock problem encountered by a paper mill company. The problem includes various machine-related and operational constraints based on real-world situations. Paper products are manufactured using two major cutting processes. Each cutting machine has a specific minimum and maximum width for input and output rolls and is limited by the maximum number of rolls it can cut at the same time. A mathematical model is presented to formally address the problem and an efficient multiple-choice knapsack-based heuristic algorithm is proposed to solve the problem. To demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed heuristic algorithm, computational experiments are conducted on test data-set generated from real-world data provided by a large paper mill company in the Republic of Korea.

Today’s demands for high quality digital printing emphasise the importance of paper surface. This work demonstrates the effects of surface topography and appearance on printing quality. Samples were printed in black and white with a laser jet printer under identical conditions, using different types of paper in order to have different surface properties. The papers and printed samples were evaluated with atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), gloss meter, spectrophotometer, and densitometer. Results showed that the decrease in surface roughness increased optical density and print quality. Moreover, the gloss of the papers significantly influenced print quality by decreasing it. The effect of the colourimetric values of the papers on the colourimetric values of the final printed samples were less significant in higher optical density printed samples.

The international recovered paper trade serves two important functions: increasing raw material availability in the paper and board industry and providing economic incentives to recycle. The purpose of this paper is to shed further light on emerging patterns in this trade by empirically analysing the changes in the bilateral trade flows of recycled paper between 1992 and 2008. According to our estimations, two important changes occurred in the 1990s and 2000s. First, the growing importance of developing economies in global recycled paper trade plays a significant role in import demand as a determinant of trade flows. Second, the changes in global trade patterns necessitate investigating the transportation cost measures used in applied research.

Objective. To objectively evaluate the quality and effectiveness of teaching and identify the problems in the teaching process, and to carry out the comprehensive analysis and evaluation of the final examination paper of medical record informatics. Method. The final examination paper of medical record informatics is analyzed through the education survey. Result. The average score of the examination paper is 70.6, and the examination results obey normal distribution. The examination paper has the features of moderate difficulty, general discrimination and good reliability. The proportion of easy questions is too large, and the proportion of the relatively difficult questions should be increased. Conclusion. The proportion of the relatively difficult questions on the examination paper should be increased promptly, so that the examination paper with moderate difficulty can objectively reflect the actual level of the students, thereby improving the quality of teaching.

It is our pleasure to present this special issue of Heat Transfer Engineering with a selection of papers presented at the 4th International Symposium on Heat Transfer and Energy Conservation, ISHTEC2012, held January 6–9, 2012, in Guangzhou, China. The conference was sponsored by the Key Laboratory of Enhanced Heat Transfer and Energy Conservation of Education of Ministry of China. More than 160 delegates including 42 foreign delegates from 16 countries came to the conference and there were more than 140 papers presented at the conference. The topics covered a wide variety of fields from new heat transfer theories, to micro heat transfer, to enhanced heat transfer technologies and the heat transfer problems in energy use systems. This special issue is a selection of the best 21 papers presented at the conference, including 2 review papers and 19 full-length research papers. The analysis of these papers showed that there are new trends in recent years in heat transfer and energy conservation: (1) New heat ...

The general research paper, despite its prevalence in higher education, has had limited success in the classroom for decades. Although academic librarians recognize the value of source-based writing and have continually partnered with faculty on this type of assignment, we are equally aware of the inherent limitations and difficulties of this traditional writing requirement. This column argues for an alternative vision to the general research paper, one that embraces a rhetorical context and offers academic librarians a more prominent role in assignment design on their campuses.

Theoretical and experimental analysis of the rewriting time of liquid crystal (LC) optical rewritable (ORW) e-paper was conducted. The equations of rewriting time of alignment molecule SD1 film with and without interaction with LC based on diffusion model were derived, which shows that the rewriting time of LC ORW e-paper could be shortened by enlarging light intensity or decreasing azimuthal anchoring energy. The rewriting time of pure SD1 films and LC ORW cells was measured under different light intensities. And LC ORW cells with different azimuthal anchoring energy were prepared for rewriting time measurement. A good agreement between experimental and theoretical results was obtained, which indicates that using larger light intensity and making LC cell with smaller azimuthal anchoring energy, ORW rewriting time could be decreased to the amount suitable for practical use.

Pollution prevention/waste minimization is a win-win-win situation for government, industry, and the public, which offers more than just protection of the environment for all. Industry gains from reduced capital and operating costs, reduced liabilities, cleaner and safer working conditions, conservation of energy and material resources, and the opportunity for government and industry to work together in a cooperative manner. However, a number of regulatory barriers exist which discourage pollution prevention/waste minimization. This paper provides examples from the aluminum, chemical, petroleum, and wood treating industries of how these regulatory barriers become disincentives. To promote pollution prevention/waste minimization, Congress and the U.S. EPA need to reexamine those RCRA provisions which support a command and control strategy that creates the barriers. The barriers include the distinction between value and valueless materials, offsite storage requirements prior to reuse/recycle, the “Derived f...

This Special Issue of The Journal of Adhesion (JA) contains selected papers presented at the 3rd Luso-Brazilian Conference on Adhesion and Adhesives (CLBA 2016) held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, duri...

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) carries a high prevalence in the United States and worldwide. Therefore, the number of medication classes being developed and studied has grown. The individualized management of diabetes is accomplished by evaluating a medication's efficacy, safety, and cost, along with the patient's preference and tolerance to the medication. Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors are a new therapeutic class indicated for the treatment of diabetes and have a unique mechanism of action, independent of beta-cell function. The first agent approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) was canagliflozin in March 2013. Two agents - dapagliflozin and empagliflozin - were FDA-approved in January and July 2014, respectively. A clear understanding of the new class is needed to identify its appropriate use in clinical practice. Members of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy Endocrine and Metabolism Practice and Research Network reviewed available literature regarding this therapeutic class. The article addresses the advantages, disadvantages, emerging role, and patient education for sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors. Key limitations for this article include limited access to clinical trial data not published by the pharmaceutical company and limited data on products produced outside the United States.

Nanoscale thermal transport has attracted considerable attention because of both fundamental scientific interest and important engineering applications. For semiconductors and insulators, energy transport is dominated by phonons, whose behavior at surfaces and interfaces plays a significant role in energy transport processes. In this article, we present opinions on phonon dynamics at surfaces and interfaces and the implications on nanoscale thermal transport. The effects of roughness, bonding strength, coherence, and nanoscale constrictions are discussed. The existence of two specularity parameters at an interface (separate values for transmitted and reflected phonons) and the implications of phonon reflection at free surfaces to the thermal conductance of nearby interfaces are two concepts that have not been previously discussed in the literature. We provide some outlook and potential topics for future studies.

This article examines the content of Women's Cricket magazine, which was published between 1930 and 1967 by the Women's Cricket Association. It is suggested that sportswomen have always actively resisted and attempted to combat the negative discourses surrounding their participation in physical activities; the magazine is used as a case study of this. It is argued that the editors attempted to challenge the stereotypes of women's cricket available in the mainstream press by publishing a newspaper of their own which provided accurate, serious coverage of their sport, and by distributing this to the mainstream press. The question of how far they were successful in altering negative discourses about female participation in the sport is also assessed.

The purpose of this article is to describe a model for creating a successful service engagement partnership with a community organization that may lead to the development of a short- or long-term service engagement project or course. The article explains how to create a successful partnership, including how to identify and choose the right community partner, the importance and development of a memorandum of understanding, and procedures for evaluating the partnership. Examples of two successful partnerships with two different structures, at two different universities, with one organization (Special Olympics) will be used. One partnership has produced a service-learning course for a sport management program that includes service-engagement opportunities for physical education, health, and exercise science students, while the other partnership has resulted in a three-tiered service-engagement project that involves interns, two community recreation and nonprofit leadership classes, and a co-curricular regist...

Background: Self-monitoring of blood glucose is crucial for maintaining overall blood glucose (BG) levels. Health care professionals (HCPs) must rapidly assess patient BG data and recommend treatment changes, as appropriate, during short office visits. A meter offering automatic BG pattern recognition and in-the-moment messaging may change how HCPs and patients with diabetes work together to achieve glycemic control.Methods: Two separate studies evaluated the potential benefits of the OneTouch Verio® BG monitoring system. In one study, 64 HCPs were evaluated on their ability to rapidly recognise BG patterns in simulated logbooks compared to using the meter, before completing a survey on potential benefits of the meter to themselves and their patients. In the other study, patients with diabetes used the meter at home for 1 week before also completing a survey.Results: Patients indicated that the meter was simple to use and understand. For HCPs, using the meter to identify BG patterns was significan...

Known in the West up until now predominantly through the publication of a limited number of his economic writings, E.A. Preobrazhensky has gone down in history primarily as a theorist of the ‘transition period’ in socialist economics and as a prominent victim of Stalin's purges. A new series of his collected works, however, publishing for the first time large quantities of material from his diaries, letters and newspaper work, looks set to transform his reputation, and underline his stature as one of the most original and sympathetic figures produced by the Bolshevik Revolution.

This study extended previous research on several citation-based bibliometric variables for highly cited articles in a large (N = 100) number of journals related to Kinesiology. Total citations and citation rate of the 30 most highly cited articles in each journal were identified by searchers of Google Scholar (GS). Other major biblometric variables for these journals were obtained from three databases: Thomson-Reuters’ Journal Citation Reports, SCImago Journal and Country Rank, and Eigenfactor.org. Two variables (SCImago Journal Rank and the Impact Factor) were aligned with journal impact, and two variables (Eigenfactor™ and Hirsh index) were aligned with journal prestige. There was great variation in median citation rates of highly cited articles across these journals indexed in GS. Correlations confirmed the different impact and prestige structure in these Kinesiology journals, which has also been previously observed in Kinesiology and other academic fields. There is a need for scholar ratings of Kinesi...

Western companies, professionals and regulators new to handling matters involving the People's Republic of China (PRC) often learn that the legal instincts developed in their home countries cannot ...

The biodegradability of ten paper mill wastewater constituents under methanogenic conditions was evaluated in this study. The compounds studied included wood resin constituents and low molecular weight lignin derivatives. Biodegradation was assessed in batch bioassays inoculated with anaerobic granular sludge at 30 ± 2°C. The assays were supplied with low concentrations of the test chemicals (35–200 mg 1−1) to prevent methanogenic inhibition. The long chain fatty acids, oleic and linoleic acid, were readily biodegradable under anaerobic conditions. Guaiacol was also mineralized after a 40 days lag period. However, no indication of methanogenic degradation was obtained with eugenol, benzene, the resin acids (abietic and dehydroabietic acid), the volatile terpenes (pinene and limonene) and the unsaturated hydrocarbon squalene.

Papermaking is a massive dehydration operation. Thermal removal of moisture which can not be removed mechanically is a key process stage in papermaking. It is well known that it is a highly energy intensive step. However, it is less readily recognized that it also influences some of the most important physical, optical or functional properties of the product. With the advent of new drying technologies- some already commercialized while some still at pilot or laboratory stage - it is increasingly important to devote attention to the interaction between the drying conditions and the final product quality as measured by generally accepted standard test results. Aside from the drying parameters one must also examine paper/pulp parameters in the hope of achieving in the long term some predictive capability as well as drying-quality effects. This bibliography is selective in coverage and is compiled to ease the task of the interested reader in locating appropriate references covering his/her areas of i...

(1990). Standards for the History, Examination, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD): A Position Paper. CRANIO®: Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 60-77.

A numerical model of a vacuum dewatering process was established with a level-set method to simulate two-phase flow in a two-dimensional paper sheet model with constructed volume forces representin ...

Critical discussions of German realist literature over the last few decades have repeatedly examined the intersection between publicity, audience formation and literary production, especially in the context of the boom of the popular periodical press in the latter part of the nineteenth century. Much remains to be said, however, about the specific role newspaper advertising strategies played in the construction and redefinition of literary modes and categories. In a trajectory that leads from Kleist to Fontane, this essay argues that public notices and classified ads from newspapers and journals become, over the course of the nineteenth century, literary subjects in their own right, allowing for new narrative and expressive strategies and signalling dramatic changes in the conditions of epistolary communication ‘im papiernen Zeitalter’, as turn-of-the-century cultural historians have called the era of industrially produced paper. Whereas the ‘Intelligenzblatt’ and the want ad from Kleist’s ‘Marqui...

This article presents a reanalysis of the data of 862 second and fourth graders collected in two previous studies, focusing on the influence of method (psychometric vs. chronometric) and stimulus type on the gender difference in mental-rotation accuracy. The children had to solve mental-rotation tasks with animal pictures, letters, or cube figures, either in a chronometric condition (computerized) or in a psychometric condition (paper-and-pencil). Results show a slight male advantage in mental-rotation accuracy, which is neither influenced by method nor by stimulus type. However, mental-rotation accuracy differed between the stimulus types, with the highest accuracy in animal pictures and the lowest accuracy in cube figures, and between age groups, with better performance in fourth graders than in second graders in both conditions. Results show that psychometric and chronometric mental-rotation tests with all the stimulus types are more or less similarly usable with children of that age.

This article argues that papermaking supported cryptanalysis's invention; that cryptology—meaning both cryptography and cryptanalysis—could not be practiced before the sustained production of paper; and that Medieval Arabic cryptology originated in tandem with algebra. Furthermore, this article posits that the regional Islamicate postal service, or the barīd, was used to relay Medieval Arabic cryptograms and thereby shaped the substance of cryptology. These conclusions stem from examining ninth century to fourteenth century Arabic cryptology as a technology and relating Arabic cryptology to three other technological devices: papermaking in the Middle East, algebra, and the barīd. Extant documents suggest that cryptology originated in ninth century Baghdad. This is because no cryptanalytical writings are known to exist before this period, and cryptology requires both cryptography and cryptanalysis. However, evidence of Medieval Arabic cryptology exists almost exclusively in practitioners' treatise...

This paper considers what is known and extends the knowledge about the value of using posters in tertiary student assessment. It carries out a literature review before considering academic ...

This paper analyses the quality of information collected by a self-administered survey responded to by a general population, who were offered the possibility of answering using the post or Internet. The analysis will be focused on the use of three grid questions with using rating scales with 6, 6 and 8 items, respectively. There was a polar point labelled scale (0–10) with verbal labels only at the endpoints. The postal survey showed greater acquiescence, a greater choice of extreme response categories and ‘easy’ answers, and a greater number of incomplete questions.

The benefits of using passive radio frequency identification (RFID) technology to improve supply chain productivity have been proved several times in recent years, throughout the world. The paper industry has not been able to fully exploit these benefits, because of the challenging characteristics of the paper reel itself and the lack of a suitable tag antenna. Now the tag antenna has been developed, and this paper studies the means of using this technology in paper mill and sea port environments. These environments cover a major part of the typical supply chain of paper reels. Pilot tests presented in this paper were performed in realistic industrial circumstances to achieve realistic results. Results proved that paper reels can be reliably identified by passive RFID technology in a real environment. These results bring the large-scale exploitation of RFID in the paper industry one major step closer.

We have developed models to determine the radiative heat transfer of infrared dryers. Using the models, the efficiencies of several IR constructions are calculated. The radiation properties of all parts of the IR dryer are measured with an IT-IR spectrometer using integrating sphere techniques. With these models and measured results, the total efficiencies of several dryer constructions are calculated for: an electric dryer with a pambolic mirror, an elecmc dryer with a flat ceramic mirror, and a gas-fired dryer. The effect of a back reflector on these dryers is also calculated. The efficiencies of all these dryers are compared to each other.

A rapid fixation method for fatty breast specimens is described. It uses alcoholic formalin coupled with a method of physical specimen handling that promotes fixation of the tissue with partial clearing of the lipid component of the specimen. This facilitates the proper fixation prior to processing into paraffin blocks. This technique does not require any special materials, using only material and reagents already present in the histology laboratory and gross room. Modifications of this method may also be used for improved processing of other types of surgical specimens. (The J Histotechnol 22:49, 1999)

The linking of printed material to digital forms of interaction, which is currently increasingly being done through the implementation of image recognition software, for example, on smartphones, opens new perspectives for the use of maps. The cartographic integration of Quick Response (QR) codes has turned out to be particularly advantageous for digital information transfer due to the easy creation of QR codes, the broad use of the readers, and the map users’ familiarity with QR codes. The example of an edited university site plan shows how paper maps can be thematically enriched by means of QR codes.