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Adiponectin, also known as ADIPOQ, is a hormone protein secreted by adipocytes. The ADIPOQ gene is expressed primarily in adipose tissue, and the encoded protein circulates in the bloodstream and h...

The aim of this study is to assess the association of nine SNPs on ADIPOQ on the PCOS risk among Saudi Arabian Women. A case–control study, including 162 cases and 162 controls in Saudi Ara...

The present study aims to examine the association of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) g.-308 G A and adiponectin (ADIPOQ) g. + 45 T G gene polymorphisms in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its microvascular complications diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic nephropathy (DN).A total of 672 individuals were analysed from the North-West population of Punjab. Genotyping was accomplished by a combination of allele specific amplification refractory mutation system and restriction digestion for TNF-α g. - 308 G A and ADIPOQ g. + 45 T G polymorphisms, respectively. Further, in silico modeling was done to predict secondary structure of mRNA for g. + 45 T G polymorphism in the ADIPOQ gene by RNA fold.The minor allele frequency observed in the controls for the TNF-α G A and ADIPOQ T G polymorphisms were 0.07 and 0.10, respectively. The results show no significant association with TNF-α g. - 308 G A polymorphism in T2D as well as in any of the microvascular complication. However, the ADIPOQ g. + 45 T G polymorphism shows significant association in T2D (p = 0.048) and DR (p = 0.001) but in DN patients, no association was observed. Interactive analysis revealed that the two polymorphisms jointly conferred a 1.45-fold risk towards the occurrence of T2D [p = 0.031; OR = 1.45 (1.03-2.05)]. In the secondary structure of mRNA, slight free energy change was observed between the wild ( - 1370.28 kcal/mol) and variant allele (-1369.08 kcal/mol).Our results indicated a higher risk of T2D and DR in the background of ADIPOQ TT genotype. Further, the ADIPOQ g. + 45 T G and TNF-α g. - 308 G A polymorphisms jointly give 1.45-fold risk towards T2D.

DNA methylation has been mostly studied in circulating blood cells. Although being readily accessible, metabolically active tissues such as adipose tissue would be more informative for the study of metabolic disorders. However, whether or not the blood DNA methylation profile correlates with that of adipose tissue remains unknown. In this study, DNA methylation patterns of variation at LEP and ADIPOQ gene loci were similar between individual CpGs across the different tissues. We also report that DNA methylation levels at biologically relevant CpGs are correlated between blood, subcutaneous, and visceral adipose tissue, and that these nearby CpGs are associated with LEP and ADIPOQ gene expression in adipose tissues. These results will be highly relevant for future epigenetic studies in metabolic disorders.

The current study examined the effect of single nucleotide (SNPs) polymorphisms in the ADIPOQ gene (I146T and G276T) on body mass index (BMI) of young adult women. The women were divided into underweight, normal, overweight and obese according to BMI. The circulating levels of adiponectin were measured using commercially available ELISA kits. Genetic polymorphisms were genotyped using the PCR-RFLP method. G276T and I164T SNPs are common in the examined population as the frequency of G allele of 276 SNP was 54.8% and for the T allele of 164 SNP it was 41.7%. Circulating adiponectin levels were related to BMI and were lowest in the obese versus overweight, normal weight and underweight groups (p