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If 1989 was the annus mirabilis of Western democracy, 2016 was its nemesis. In that annus horribilis, British voters decided to leave the European Union, a club modeled on the very idea of open mar...

Albert Einstein’s Annus Mirabilis of 1905 saw the completion of his landmark seminal papers on the photoelectric effect law, Brownian motion, Special Relativity and the Mass–Energy Equivalence Prin...

This is something of a jubilee year for Africa, marking half a century from that annus mirabilis of 1960 when no fewer than eighteen colonial territories across the continent were given their indep...

Studies of the 1960s continue to be dominated by the focus on the annus mirabilis of 1968. Given the traditional emphasis on key dates in French history—1789, 1848, 1871, 1936—the concentration on 1968 is understandable, but it is has had the regrettable effect of largely neglecting the early sixties. Consequently, this article examines the social/cultural changes that occurred in student dormitories of the Paris region between 1962 and 1968. These six years witnessed changes that comprised increasing tolerance of political activities and of hedonistic pleasures, resulting in the expansion of personal freedoms. Adult society—including Communists, Gaullists, and university administrators—was much less repressive and more tolerant than many students and radicals expected or believed. Historians and other observers have often pointed out that the first decade of Gaullist Fifth Republic witnessed the economic ‘modernization’ of France. Just as significantly, social and cultural mores also changed during this ...

During the last two decades, in particular since the annus mirabilis 1989, Italy has been faced with increasing migration flows from Central and Eastern Europe and the Third World. Immigrants, although in their vast majority illegal, have settled in the country thus challenging the political and cultural order of the nation-state.The hypothesistested in this paper is that their presence activates a process of re-definition of the Italian identity in an exclusionary way so as to raise symbolic, if not material, boundaries between Us and Them. The study is divided into three sections. First, the main features that characterise Italian identity will be examined and the civic or ethnic character of the nation will be highlighted. Second, recent migratory flows towards Italy will be described and the developmentof xenophobic attitudes in the country will be assessed. Third, the hypothesis regarding the transformation of national identity will be tested through the analysis of the press discourse on immigration...

In 792, twenty-three young men, all ambitious and talented, earned the coveted designation of chin-shih ~ ±, or Presented Scholar, by successfully competing in the examination held to select candidates for government offices. An unusually high number of them went on to achieve fame as gifted men of letters or as able and respected officials, prompting one present-day writer to call 792 an annus mirabilis. Their contemporaries were no less impressed, and the class of 792 was popularly dubbed the List of Dragons and Tigers (lung-hu-pang 1m fJr. ~).z This essay is not a study on the lives of these twenty-three men. Far too few of them left behind enough details of their lives to enable us to reconstruct them. They will be used, instead, as a sample in examining some larger issues of T'ang history. The focus of our inquiry will be on the examination system. We will begin with a brief description of the various aspects of the examination system as it appeared in the midand late-T'ang. This will be followed by a consideration of the examination's role in T'ang society and culture and its significance. A few summarizing remarks will conclude the essay.

En 1858, la surveillance editoriale du journal, Odesskii vesmik,qui avait ete publie jusqu’ici par le bureau du gouverneur general de Novorossiia, se remettait entre les mains d’un comite professoral au lycee Richelieu a Odessa. Sous l’encouragement du conservateur progressif de la region d’education d’Odessa, N. I. Pirogov, le journal publiait une serie des articles au sujet des plus importantes questions du jour, y compris l’emancipation des serfs, le systeme judiciaire de Russie, la situation des ouvriers urbaines, l’education pour les femmes. Le journal commencait la discussion sur la question juive dans la presse russe avec la publication de l’article ecrit par Pirogov, “Odesskii Talmud-Tora.”Le gouverneur general. Comte A. G. Stroganov, bientot devenait effraye a l’etendue des idees et l’esprit critique du journal. Le marechal regional de la noblesse se joindrait a lui, et ils commencaient a porter plainte sur les contents du journal a l’Administration centrale pour les affaires de la presse...

(1966). Swift's relation with Dryden, and Gulliver's Annus Mirabilis. English Studies: Vol. 47, No. 1-6, pp. 341-354.