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It is now well-recognised that antimicrobial resistance (AMR), or the ability of organisms to resist currently available antibiotics and other antimicrobial drugs, represents one of the greatest dangers to human health in the 21st Century. As of 2022, AMR is a top-10 global public health threat. Various national and transnational initiatives have been implemented to address accelerating AMR, and the pressure to find local and global solutions is increasing. Despite this urgency, surprisingly limited progress is being made in rolling back or even slowing resistance. A multitude of perspectives exist regarding why this is the case. Key concerns include an enduring dependency on market-driven drug development, the lacklustre governance and habitual over-prescribing of remaining antimicrobial resources, and rampant short-termism across societies. While rarely presented in such terms, these disparate concerns all speak to the social production of vulnerability. Yet vulnerability is rarely discussed in the AMR literature, except in terms of ‘disproportionate effects’ of AMR. In this paper, we therefore present an analysis of vulnerability as manifest in the AMR scene, showing that vulnerability is both a predictable consequence of AMR and, critically, productive of AMR to begin with. We underline why this matters for international efforts to combat resistance.

Power assisted exercise equipment designed to assist\ud multi-directional movements represent an exercise solution\ud for people with stroke. Users identified digitization of the\ud equipment through a new Graphical User Interface (GUI) to\ud display feedback on exercise performance as a development priority. The Medical Device Technology (MDT) framework was adopted to structure the four-stage digitization\ud programme and ensure meaningful user involvement. This\ud paper reports on stage two of the digitization programme,\ud the aim of which was to create a prototype GUI.\ud Storyboarding followed by participatory data analysis was\ud selected as a co-design method to engage professional\ud (n ¼ 6) and expert (n ¼ 8) end users to create artefacts and\ud express preferences relevant to the design of the GUI. Four\ud overarching themes emerged from thematic analysis of the\ud data; (a) aesthetic format, (b) functional features, (c) exercise programme, (d) motivation and reward. The data was\ud crystallized with external sources to generate a design criterion matrix which directed the first iteration of the prototype GUI. Storyboarding with participatory analysis was an\ud effective method for engaging participants in the design of\ud the GUI and associated user experience. This paper represents a novel application of storyboarding to the MDT\ud framework in user centred digital design.

Coccidiosis remains a major disease and economic challenge for the global poultry industry. Coccidiosis in chickens is caused by seven Eimeria species that target specific regions of the gastrointe...

High-speed imaging of water drop impacts on a polymer surface have been used alongside two-dimensional Lattice Boltzmann simulations to investigate the conditions under which a spreading lamella su...

Objective: To determine key demographic and intrapartum antecedents predisposing to severe adverse neonatal outcome at term.Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of severe adverse neonatal...

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is widely reported to be a rapidly escalating global health threat. Investigations into the social dimensions of AMR have tended to focus on economically weal...

The current study investigated soldiers’ perceptions of the Married Army Couples Program (MACP) using data from focus groups conducted with Army personnel in dual-military marriages. Despite the hi...

The impact of a cancer diagnosis flows beyond the person, fundamentally shaping relationships with partners, family and friends. Living with cancer can change people’s needs considerably, often requiring additional care from loved ones, potentially disrupting existing relational expectations, capacities and dynamics. A relational ontological approach is needed to better understand how women’s cancer experiences are inter-subjectively shaped within relationships and by prevailing social scripts. Drawing on interviews with 81 women with cancer, we explore women’s accounts of living with cancer and their experience of ‘care’ within close relationships with others. The interviews revealed how women respond to their illness as an experience in relation to their (male) partners; how they navigate patterns of care in their lives; and how social scripts of gender, care and emotionality shape their experiences. This adds to the sociology of care, and the understanding of care as situated within gendered, r...

Necrotic enteritis (NE) has become one of the most important diseases of modern global poultry production, with an estimated cost of around US$6 billion per annum in lost production and control str...

India has undergone a considerable epidemiological transition in the past few decades. The rise of cancer and other chronic illnesses has, and will continue to have, a substantial impact on the overall burden of disease, as well as the lived experiences of illness in India. Little is known about the cultural inflection of cancer in the Indian medical, historical and religious/spiritual landscape, which is both highly varied and rapidly changing. Here, we explore some of the issues emergent from individuals’ experiences of illness including their understandings of cancer, its ‘origins’, its meanings and subsequent everyday experiences. Drawing on interviews with 40 people with cancer in Hyderabad, we focus on the cultural ontologies of cancer in India, the social moralities and evolving individual responsibilisation around cancer, and some of the affective dimensions of these interpretations of illness.

© 2019, © 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. A common barrier to exercise is “lack of time”. Accordingly, interest in low-volume, high-intensity training has grown exponentially since this activity is considered time-efficient. However, the high-intensity nature of this exercise may frequently result in feelings of displeasure creating another barrier for many people. The purpose of this study was to compare affective (pleasure-displeasure) responses to three low-volume, high-intensity exercise conditions, including a novel shortened-sprint protocol. Using a within-subjects, randomised crossover experiment, healthy participants (N = 36) undertook a single bout of: 1) traditional reduced-exertion, high-intensity interval training (TREHIT), 2) a novel, shortened-sprint REHIT (SSREHIT) protocol, and 3) sprint continuous training (SCT). Affect and perceived efforts were recorded throughout exercise using the Feeling Scale (FS) and the 15-point Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale, respectively. Enjoyment was recorded 5 min post-exercise using the Exercise Enjoyment Scale (EES). Differences were found for FS (condition by time interaction: P = 0.01GG, η2 = 0.26), RPE (P = 0.01GG, η2 = 0.23), and enjoyment (P < 0.01) with all outcomes favouring SSREHIT. Shortened-sprint protocols may diminish feelings of displeasure and might be a time-efficient yet tolerable exercise choice to help motivate some people to increase their physical activity and fitness.

This paper reports findings of a qualitative study regarding dilemmas adults experience in balancing protecting children and offering age-appropriate risk taking opportunities. It outlines strategies adults used to manage their own uncertainties as they supported children to become autonomous. Twenty seven parents of typically developing children and 10 parents of children living with social or physical disabilities engaged in a card sort; they identified and prioritized attributes for their children as a prelude to semi-structured, in-depth interviews about how risk helps children reach these goals. Eight teachers of the typically-developing children also participated in interviews about risk in everyday life and their observations of parents’ views about children’s risk taking. We took a hermeneutic interpretive approach to analyzing interview transcripts to gain an understanding of these adults’ dilemmas and strategies they used to offer children age-appropriate occupations with gradually incre...

This article explores the role art therapy and collaboration can play in enhancing the day-to-day lives of older adults in nursing homes through zine making. Coauthored by an art therapist and four...

Valid translations of time use scales are needed by occupational therapists for use in different cross-cultural contexts to gather relevant data to inform practice and research. The purpose of this study was to describe the process of translating, adapting, and validating the Time Use Diary from its current English language edition into a Malay language version. Five steps of the cross-cultural adaptation process were completed: (i) translation from English into the Malay language by a qualified translator, (ii) synthesis of the translated Malay version, (iii) backtranslation from Malay to English by three bilingual speakers, (iv) expert committee review and discussion, and (v) pilot testing of the Malay language version with two participant groups. The translated version was found to be a reliable and valid tool identifying changes and potential challenges in the time use of older adults. This provides Malaysian occupational therapists with a useful tool for gathering time use data in practice settings and for research purposes.

Background Many people with intellectual disability have limited sexual knowledge. Several assessment tools have been developed to assess the sexual knowledge of people with intellectual disability. This paper examines how clinicians’ are using these tools.Method This research uses a constructivist grounded theory approach. Semistructured qualitative interviews were conducted with clinicians who use sexual knowledge assessment tools.Findings and Discussion Assessment of sexual knowledge is not routine in disability service provision. Sexual knowledge is typically only assessed when there has been an incident of problematic sexualised behaviour. This reactive approach perpetuates a pathological sexual health discourse.Conclusions Clinicians using assessment tools said that they need the tools to support work they do in relation to sexual health of people with intellectual disability. However, they also reported that the tools have gaps and are not fully meeting their needs or the needs of people wi...

Organic acids are naturally-occurring, carbon containing compounds with acidic properties. Organic acids have antimicrobial activity, which has been utilised for centuries to control undesirable mi...

This paper explores the interrelations between power, politics, academia and curriculum reform in British Columbia (BC) using social studies curriculum documents as a case study. It describes how curriculum reform occurred and argues that reform was undemocratic as it was largely the product of individuals with power who invited individuals with educational ideologies that were attractive to them to aid them in the revisions. These educational ideologies came from the USA, illustrating the influence of US ideas overseas. The non-democratic nature of the curriculum reform process may partly explain why teachers often resisted the revisions, and why government officials attempted to appear more democratic by increasing teacher participation in the curriculum revision process later in the century. However, curriculum revision remained undemocratic. The paper comments on whether the curriculum revision process in a democracy ought to be democratic or not.

Pulmonary function abnormalities and hospital re-admissions in survivors of neonatal lung disease remain highly prevalent. The respiratory outcomes study (RESPOS) aimed to investigate the respiratory and associated atopy outcomes in preterm infants30 weeks gestational age (GA) and/or birth-weight (BWt)1000 g at primary school age, and to compare these outcomes between infants with and without chronic lung disease (CLD).In the RESPOS 92 parents of preterm infants admitted to the Neonatal unit in Canberra Hospital between 1/1/2001 and 31/12/2003 were sent a questionnaire regarding their respiratory, atopy management and follow-up.Fifty-three parents responded, including 28 preterm infants who had CLD and 25 who had no CLD. The gestational age was significantly lower in the CLD group compared to the non-CLD group [26.9 (26.3-27.5) CLD and 28.6 (28.3-29.0) non-CLD] [weeks [95% confidence interval (CI)]], as was the birth weight [973 (877.4-1068.8) CLD versus 1221 (1135.0-1307.0) non-CLD] [g (CI)]. CLD infants compared to non-CLD infants were significantly more likely to have been: given surfactant, ventilated and on oxygen at 28 days and 36 weeks. These neonates were also more likely to have: been discharged from the neonatal unit on oxygen, exhibit a history of PDA or sepsis and to have a current paediatrician. However, despite these differences, there was no significant difference in the proportion of asthma or atopic disease between the two groups.The RESPOS could not demonstrate respiratory and/or atopy differences between the CLD and the non-CLD groups at primary school age.

Research question: This paper examines the legacy of the Beijing Olympics perceived by non-host city residents almost five years after the Games and how that perception would affect attitude towards the hosting of the Games.Research methods: An empirical survey study was conducted in which data were collected from 468 residents of Shanghai through structured questionnaires. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) identified seven factors underlying the perceived legacy of the Beijing Olympics: ‘Psychic income and social capital’, ‘Infrastructure and skills development’, ‘Networks and cooperation’, ‘Environment’, ‘Tourism and economics’, ‘Sport and health’ and ‘Identity and culture’.Results and findings: The findings demonstrate that the level of perceived legacy was significantly above the mid-point on all of the dimensions. In contrast, existing literature in western context demonstrated that on many dimensions values were below the mid-point, suggesting that the economic and cultural backgrounds of residents ...

The Differential Aptitude Test Form S (DAT-S) is intended to guide learners in their subject choices and occupational direction by determining their strengths and weaknesses in different areas. The test was developed in South Africa and standardised with Afrikaans and English speaking learners. Learners in South Africa are from linguistically diverse backgrounds but the language of learning and teaching in many schools is English. The relevance of the English version of the DAT-S in the multi-linguistic context of an English medium school was investigated, to determine whether it was equally well correlated with academic achievement in English first language (EL1) and English non-first language (EL2) learners in Grade 8. The results showed significant differences in the performance of EL1 and EL2 learners on all DAT-S subtests. While the DAT-S correlated with EL2 learners' academic results, the pattern of correlations was different from that of their EL1 peers. Thus, the DAT-S may not provide accu...

When feminism informs and shapes social scientific thinking, it often yields strongly applied perspectives. The business of engaging in the application, however, presents challenges to both feminist practice and the academic disciplines. These issues are further complicated when they are played out in an interdisciplinary setting. I offer a personal reflection on the highly ambiguous situation in a part of what has been called the ‘diaspora’ of social sciences practiced not within any particular ‘home’ discipline, but in a particular sub-field or inter-discipline such as urban studies, criminology or—in this case—population health. The emphasis in this discussion is on the mutual influences of the academic and the applied.

Background Sexual health remains one of the most overlooked areas of life for people with intellectual disability. In recent years there has been an increasing expectation that this issue will be addressed by disability service providers. In this paper we examine the barriers to sexual health provision of people with intellectual disability as experienced by disability service providers and clinicians.Method This research uses a constructionist grounded theory approach. It was conducted in 2 phases using semistructured qualitative interviews to collect data from disability service managers and clinicians working with people with intellectual disability in New South Wales, Australia.Findings and Discussion Key themes within the interviews – including funding shortages and a lack of policy guidelines – were identified as significant administrative barriers to sexual health provision. Myths about the sexual health of people with intellectual disability, family attitudes, and lack of staff training we...

The objective of this study was to explore the determinants that are related to women's likelihood to consult with a complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) practitioner during pregnancy. Primary data were collected as a sub-study of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health (ALSWH) in 2010. We completed a cross-sectional survey of 2,445 women from the ALSWH "younger" cohort (n = 8,012), who had identified as being pregnant or had recently given birth in 2009. Independent Poisson backwards stepwise regression models were applied to four CAM practitioner outcome categories: acupuncturist, chiropractor, massage therapist, and naturopath. The survey was completed by 1,835 women (79.2%). The factors associated with women's consultation with a CAM practitioner differed by practitioner groups. A range of demographic factors were related, including employment status, financial status, and level of education. Women's health insurance coverage, health status, and perceptions toward both conventional maternity care and CAM were also associated with their likelihood of consultations with all practitioner groups, but in diverse ways. Determinants for women's consultations with a CAM practitioner varied across practitioner groups. Stakeholders and researchers would benefit from giving attention to specific individual modalities when considering CAM use in maternity care. Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

This research has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant No. 689909.