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In this paper, the synthesis of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol from phenol was improved in the range of 0–65°C, and the yield was 79.4%. The effectiveness of the synthesis process was confirmed by Nuclear Ma...

Coal-based activated carbon (CBAC) is widely used in several industrial processes and daily life, however, it is susceptible to spontaneous combustion during storage and transportation. Therefore, ...

Lotus leaf powder (LLP) was chemically modified with dimethylamine (DMA) to achieve a tertiary amine type powder, named DMA-LLP, and used as an adsorbent for the removal of Reactive Red 195 (RR 195...

To prevent coal fire disaster, a precision grading warning method was previously proposed for coal seams that are susceptible to spontaneous combustion. The uncertainty in the reaction mechanism of...

Coal spontaneous combustion (CSC) characteristics were identified by their different types of coal. In this study, the samples of lignite, non-caking coal, lean coal, and anthracite were chosen to ...

Thermal analysis was used to investigate the oxidation and heat-release characteristics of four coal samples from the Huainan mining area in China. Temperature and the evolution of heat and gaseous...

This study investigated the electrogeneration of Ce(IV) and its application on the destruction of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in an undivided electrochemical cell. The effects of electric current, concentration of nitric acid, and temperature on PVA destruction efficiency were investigated and the corresponding specific energy consumptions (SEC) were also evaluated. The experimental results indicate that the PVA destruction increased with increasing the applied current, the concentration of nitric acid, and decreasing the temperature. When considering the PVA destruction efficiency and the corresponding SEC simultaneously, the best operating condition was found by 92% at the optimal applied current 0.1 A, concentration of nitric acid 0.5 M, and temperature 323 K, respectively. A pseudo-first-order kinetic model provided a good fit to the experimental results at various temperatures. The activation energy was calculated to be 78.27 kJ mol−1, based on pseudo-first-order rate constants from the Arrhenius...

The before fire assessment data from the ARC fire risk assessment system and the financial loss from post-fire damage report for factory-type buildings located in Taiwan were collected. The correlation between assessment data and degree of fire loss (DFL) was calculated by three regression analyses – linear, power, and exponential equations – to produce an anticipation formula. The results revealed that there is more a believable prediction when the fire loss is bigger, regardless of the amount of fire loss or the DFL, while the latter is more related to the assessment grade. By providing proprietors and insurance companies detailed fire risk analysis showing predictable financial loss, it is advantageous for budget management and fire protection, enforcement and should result in the reduction of fire risk and subsequent damage to factory-type buildings.

This research aimed to locate and characterize emission sources for airborne volatile organic compounds (VOCs) inside a petrochemical plant in Chiayi, Taiwan. Air was sampled with canisters at 20 sites inside this plant, twice per quarter, and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry following the TO–14 method. Data were interpreted by means of a database and contour maps. Alkanes were most abundant species, followed by aromatics, and both accounted for 98% of total airborne VOCs. Two emission sources were located around the filling unit and the aromatic unit. The characterization of VOCs from emission sources were elucidated in table after cross-analyzing and statistical calculation using Microsoft Excel.

This work surveyed five process regions inside a petrochemical plant in Taiwan to characterize the profiles of airborne volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and locate emission sources. Samples, taken with canisters, were analyzed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry according to the TO-14 method. Each region was deployed with 24 sampling sites, sampled twice, and 240 samples in total were measured during the survey period. All of the data were consolidated into a database on Excel to facilitate retrieval, statistical analysis, and presentation in the form of a table or graph, and, subsequently, the profile of VOCs was elucidated. Emission sources were located by mapping the concentration distribution of either an individual or a type of species in terms of contour maps on Surfer. Through the cross-analysis of data, the abundant VOCs included alkenes, dienes, alkanes, and aromatics. A total of 19 emission sources were located from these five regions. The sources for alkanes stood inside first, third aromatic, and fourth naphtha cracking regions, whereas the ones for alkenes were inside two naphtha cracking regions. The sources for dienes were found inside the third naphtha cracking region alone; in contrast, the sources for aromatics were universally traced except inside the third naphtha cracking region. The measured intensity for sources mostly ranged from 1000 to 7000 ppb.