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Objective Weight reduction is a key component of diabetes management in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), yet the benefits of weight loss in T2DM patients have been difficult to quantify. We examined the medical literature regarding the relationships between weight change and 1) glycemic control and 2) cost and resource use. Methods Systematic searches were conducted in the electronic databases Embase, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews to identify publications regarding the impact of weight change on T2DM outcomes from 2007 onward. Identified publications were screened for relevance against predefined eligibility criteria, and methodological approaches and results were extracted. Evidence for the impact of weight change on outcomes was evaluated and used to identify strengths, limitations, and gaps in the current literature. Results The number of studies meeting eligibility criteria for each outcome was: glycemic control (n=38) and cost and resource use (n=11). The relationship between weight change and glycemic control was dependent on the interplay of multiple factors, eg, the weight loss interventions employed, the antidiabetic medication classes used, the time horizon, and baseline BMI and glycemic control. With respect to cost and resource use, the review indicated that savings were associated with weight loss, and increased costs were associated with weight gain. Conclusion Studies regarding weight change in T2DM patients demonstrated varying effects on glycemic control and a positive association with costs and resource use, where weight loss was associated with decreased costs and resource use. Future studies may be able to clarify these relationships.

Aims: The efficacy and safety of oral semaglutide, the first glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist developed for oral administration for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, was evaluated i...

OBJECTIVES: Asthma affects nearly one-tenth of the Canadian population. The purpose of these studies was to estimate the direct and indirect costs of asthma in Canada, using data from the Registre ...

New classes of low-pass filters with no finite zeros and having a non-monotonic passband are introduced. This is achieved by minimizing the least-mean-square error in the passband with respect to a weighting function. These filters can be obtained using two different analytic techniques. Many conventional filters are derived as special cases of this approximation. Using different weighting functions numerous filter responses can be obtained.

The problem of approximating the ideal low-pass filter characteristic using modified ultraspherical polynomials is considered. The modification of the ultraspherieal polynomials is achieved by normalizing these polynomials in such a way that their largest absolute extremum is always equal to unity in the interval [-1,1]. A number of amplitude responses can be obtained from this approximation by the specification of two parameters. The filters obtained are compared with other well-known approximations in the frequency and time domain.

In this note a general method for calculating the poles and zeros of inverse filters is discussed. Using this method, a number of previously published results are shown to be special cases. A number of filters obtained by this method are compared in both the frequency and time domains.

In this paper, we review and introduce low pass filters with poles located on circular, elliptic, parabolic and hyperbolic contours in the s- plane. A number ofways for arranging pole locations are also discussed.

In this paper a new class of non-monotonic low-pass filters.with multiple pairs of finite zeros is introduced. This is achieved by minimizing the least-mean-square error, with respect to a polynomial weighting function, in a prespecified interval in the passband. A number of filters can be obtained by the specification of at least six parameters. It is also shown that the maximally Hat sharp cut-off and many recently published filter designs can be obtained as special cases of this approximation.