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We analyze whether age relative to school classmates affects the likelihood of becoming famous. We measure such likelihood as the ratio of Wikipedia entries to births, by state and date of birth, a...

Of the three founders of the Society for the History of Discoveries, John (Jack) Parker was the only one born in the United States. His date of birth: 15 May 1923; place of birth, Nekoma, North Dak...

The Social Security Administration (SSA) provides a handy tool [2] to help people plan for their retirement. You enter your date of birth and the SSA estimates the expected number of years remainin...

The objective of this research was to identify aspects of warnings that will reduce online disclosure of personal information, specifically aspects that people do not consider sensitive. The vast majority of online commercial websites collect personal data, and many consumers report cybercrime events, such that identity theft is a significant risk. Most people can be uniquely identified by the combination of their birth date, age, and gender. This is problematic, since people do not believe these identity elements to be important to safeguard. Participants were asked to provide personal information to receive an online insurance quote. Participants in experimental conditions were warned not to disclose their date of birth. The experimental manipulations were (a) the vividness of the warnings and (b) whether an alternative to disclosure was recommended. Analyses indicated that providing an alternative to disclosure proved to be an effective strategy to reduce disclosure. Personal information disclo...

Identification of human remains often depends on estimating the age at death. The most reliable age estimation methods in juveniles have been based on dental development. This study evaluated the Demirjian (DGT), Nolla, and Moorrees, Fanning and Hunt (MFH) methods in estimating age in a modern population from Sudbury, Ontario, Canada using third molars as seen in 361 clinical panoramic digital radiographs of 361 individuals. Inclusion in this study required there to be at least one developing third molar clearly present in the radiograph with a known date of birth. This yielded a sample of 179 females and 182 males with an age range from 7.9 to 29.9 years. All three methods were found to be suitable in the estimation of the chronological age using the third molar. However, the Nolla method proved to be the most applicable at estimating age based on derived polynomial regression R2 values ranging from 0.854 to 0.891.

EMS providers frequently encounter opioid-toxic patients who receive naloxone and then refuse further medical care. Older studies revealed this practice to be safe. In light of the evolving patterns of opioid abuse, this study attempted to determine the safety of this practice.This is a retrospective review of all patient encounters by the Los Angeles Fire Department (LAFD) between July 1, 2011-December 31, 2013. All LAFD patient encounters are stored electronically. These electronic records were reviewed for subjects who received naloxone had a documented respiratory rate (RR) less than 12, and subsequently refused transport. Data abstracted included name, social security number (SSN), date of birth (DOB), date of EMS encounter, age, and treatment rendered. The names, SSN, and DOB, as available, were supplied to the coroner's office. The Coroner's records were reviewed to determine if a patient with the same or similar name (e.g., Jon vs. Jonathan) had died within 24 hours, 30 days, or 6 months of the initial EMS encounter. The abstractor was blinded to the study hypothesis.205 subjects were identified; the median (IQR) age was 41 (29-53) years. 27 (13%) were female. One subject (0.49%) died within 24 hours of the initial EMS encounter. The cause of death (COD) was coronary artery disease and heroin use. Two additional subjects (1. %) died within 30 days. One of these subjects died 6 days later; the COD is unknown. The other subject died 20 days after the EMS encounter; the COD was cardiovascular disease and liver cirrhosis. No additional subjects were identified at the 6 month follow up. A third subject died of a heroin overdose 16 months after the initial EMS encounter, but was beyond the pre-defined follow up period.The practice of receiving pre-hospital naloxone by paramedics and subsequently refusing care is associated with an extremely low short- and intermediate-term mortality. Despite an evolving pattern of opioid abuse, the results of this study are consistent with previously reported studies.

Background. Recurrent respiratory infections (RRI) are among most common diseases in school-aged children. Little is known about possible associations between RRI and children psychological well-being. Aim. To study possible associations between RRI in junior school pupils and their emotional/behavioural characteristics. Methods. The RRI group comprised 30 first-to-fourth-year pupils from the community setting in whom 4 and more episodes of practitioner-attended respiratory tract infections during the preceding year had been diagnosed. Children were born in St. Petersburg, did not have any inborn abnormalities, disabilities, chronic and progressive diseases. Control group was made up of 30 healthy children matched to the cases for age at study, sex and date of birth as close as possible. The school class masters were approached with the Child Behavior Checklist Teacher's report form for ages 6–18 aimed at assessing emotional and behavioural characteristics. Results. Children from RRI group presented with ...

The feasibility of alternate dairy control as an alternative to traditional dairy control was evaluated. Adjustment factors were obtained for morning (AM) and afternoon (PM) milkings and applied to animals subjected to alternate dairy control to estimate uncontrolled milking and total daily milk yield. Data was compiled from six dairy goat farms in the Metropolitan Region of Chile for animals with completed lactations (of 305 days) and with recorded date of birth and parturition, parity and a minimum of six controls per lactation (used to determine AM, PM and total production). Values were sorted by productive factors parity and lactation month. Statistical analysis was performed using the Number Crunchers Statistical System ®2000 (Kaysville, UT, USA) to obtain mean values and adjustment factors for each productive factor and to make possible their application on any animal presenting the minimum required information. Adjustment factors were applied to 8788 values to estimate total daily milk yield. AM va...

I am from the southern part of the Netherlands, from a province called Limburg, which was liberated in 1944 by American troops. We have a vast American cemetery in the south of Limburg in which over 8,000 US servicemen are buried. People from my part of the country sometimes adopt and maintain the graves there. For me, this was an opportunity to educate my kids about the history of our region and the history of World War II. If you express an interest in such an “adoption,” you are assigned a grave at random. We were given one about ten years ago and we went to see it. I only had the name of the soldier buried there, Leo Lichten, his date of birth, and the date he was killed: November 20, 1944. And I knew he was Jewish, because his grave had a Star of David on it instead of a cross. I also knew that he was from New York, because his place of origin and the unit in which he served—the 84 Infantry Division—were engraved on the headstone.

The presence of the relative age effect (RAE) has been widely reported; however, its underlying causes have not yet been determined. With this in mind, the present study examined if anthropometry and performance were different amongst older and younger soccer players born in the same year. Eighty-eight young soccer players participated in the study (age 9.75 ± 0.30). Anthropometric measurements, physical tests (sprint, agility, endurance test, jump and hand dynamometry) and the estimation of the maturity status were carried out. Most players (65.9%) were born in the first half of the year. Older players were taller (P0.05), had longer legs (P0.01) and a larger fat-free mass (P0.05). Maturity offset was smaller in the older boys (P0.05); however, age at peak height velocity was similar. Older boys performed better in velocity and agility (P0.05) and particularly in the overall score of performance (P0.01). Stepwise regression analysis revealed that chronological age was the most important variable in the agility test and the overall score, after the skinfolds (negative effect). We report differences in anthropometry and physical performance amongst older and younger pre-pubertal soccer players. These differences may underlie the RAE.

Varicella vaccine effectiveness was evaluated in a case-control study in Navarre, Spain, in 2010–2012. The cases were 54 children aged 15 months to 10 years with a diagnosis of varicella confirmed by polymerase-chain-reaction. Each case was matched with eight controls by pediatric practice, district of residence and date of birth. The effectiveness was 87% (95% confidence interval: 60% to 97%) for one dose of vaccine and 97% (80% to 100%) for two doses. A single dose was 93% (34% to 100%) effective in the first year, which declined to 61% (95% CI: -64% to 94%) after the third year. In conclusion, varicella vaccine is highly effective in preventing confirmed cases, although this effect declines over time since the first dose. A second dose helps to reestablish very high levels of effectiveness and to reduce the risk of breakthrough varicella.

To determine which disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are currently used by Finnish rheumatologists to treat early rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Information on sex, date of birth, and date of special medicine reimbursement decision for all new RA patients was collected from a nationwide register maintained by the Social Insurance Institution (SII) during the time period from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2007. Patient cohorts were registered in 2-year time periods (2000-01, 2002-03, 2004-05, 2006-07) and DMARDs purchased by the patient cohorts during the first year after the date of reimbursement decision for RA were registered. The frequencies of early drug treatment strategies (combination of DMARDs, single DMARD, or no DMARDs) were evaluated.A total of 14 878 (68.0% female, 62.6% rheumatoid factor (RF)-positive) patients were identified. Between 2000 and 2001 the most commonly used treatment strategy for early RA during the first 3 months was single DMARD treatment (56.1%) and the most commonly used DMARD during the first year was sulfasalazine (63.0%), while between 2006 and 2007 the respective treatments were combination DMARDs (55.3%) and methotrexate (69.0%). The change in treatment strategies as well as in DMARDs used was highly significant (p0.001 for linearity). At the end of the study period only 4.9% of the patients with early RA were not receiving DMARDs during the first 3 months.Currently, combination therapy including methotrexate is the most commonly prescribed treatment strategy for early RA in Finland. In recent years, an increasing number of active drug treatments have been taken into practice.

To determine if there has been any reduction in the incidence of elbow dysplasia in four popular large-dog breeds as measured by the New Zealand Veterinary Association (NZVA) scoring scheme.A retrospective analysis of the NZVA elbow dysplasia database was performed using records of all German Shepherd dogs, Labrador Retrievers, Golden Retrievers and Rottweilers that had undergone evaluation since the scheme's inception in 1992. The data for each dog included date of birth, date of radiography, gender, grade of left and right elbow (0, 1, 2 or 3), and accredited or dysplastic status. Ordinal logistic regression was used to model the grade of the worst-affected elbow over time. The model included age at scoring and gender as additional variables. Given the known heritability of elbow dysplasia, the hypothesis was that if the NZVA scheme effectively identifies elbow dysplasia, and that dog breeders have been using the data responsibly, there should have been a trend towards a lower incidence of dogs graded dysplastic over time.In all four breeds, there was a significant trend towards lower grades of the worst-affected elbow over time. For German Shepherd dogs the incidence of elbow dysplasia (worst elbow grade not zero) fell from 75% to 47% between dogs born in 1991 vs those born in 2008. The corresponding figures were a drop from 86% to 68% for the Labrador Retriever, from 89% to 77% for Golden Retrievers, but only 98% to 95% for Rottweilers. In the Rottweiler and Golden Retriever, gender had a significant effect on the worst elbow grade. In the Golden Retriever, age at scoring also had a significant effect.There has been a significant reduction in the incidence of elbow dysplasia in four popular large-dog breeds as scored by the NZVA elbow dysplasia scoring scheme. The limitations of the study are the non-compulsory nature of the elbow dysplasia scheme, and the potential bias caused by dog breeders or veterinarians pre-screening potential submissions. The results therefore may not represent those of the overall population.The incidence of elbow dysplasia, as measured by the NZVA elbow dysplasia scheme, has reduced in the four breeds investigated since the scheme's inception. The New Zealand Kennel Club (NZKC) and the veterinary profession can confidently support the NZVA scoring scheme, and should promote its use by dog breeders.

The author introduces the birthday problem in this article. This can amuse willing members of any birthday party. This problem can also be used as the motivational first day lecture in number theory for the gifted students in high schools or in community colleges or in undergraduate classes in colleges.

Approximately 500,000 children were institutionalised in Australian orphanages and other forms of children's Homes over the course of the 20th century. However, growing up in care is not just a part of childhood; it can have ongoing impact across a person's life. Access to records can be a very important way in which people who grew up in institutional care construct the story of their lives, contributing to their self-identity, and also find out practical information, such as their exact date of birth and medical history. The present article takes as its starting point a recommendation of the third of the Australian Government reports concerned with the institutionalisation of Australian children—Forgotten Australians—and draws on interviews with former residents of children's Homes aged between 42 and 76 years to examine their access to records in Australia. We discuss a case study, the unique Heritage Information Service at MacKillop Family Services, which supports former residents to access t...

An article by John O'Hagan and Elish Kelly in 2005 (see Historical Methods 38:118-25) discussed collecting information on visual artists that would allow a broad historical ranking based on "prominence." O'Hagan and Kelly collected these data to examine prominent artists' birth locations, work locations, and their consequential patterns of labor movement during several long periods. In this article, the authors examine artists' migration for four periods (based on their date of birth): Renaissance Italy, Europe in the first half of the nineteenth century, and the Western world in general for the periods 1850-99 and 1900-49. The data show that important artists clustered in all periods at a remarkably high level. Florence and Rome dominated in Renaissance Italy, with significant clustering because of the artists' birthplaces and domestic migration. Paris and London witnessed a marked clustering of artists born in the first half of the nineteenth century, with Paris continuing to dominate among artists born...

Achilles and the tortoise want to predict peoples’ running performance from their age. In determining age the tortoise has cleverly asked his participants for their passports and has noted their date of birth, before letting them run half the distance between Achilles and himself. Achilles, however, has given his participants a questionnaire consisting of statements such as, "I feel old," "I don’t run as fast as I used to," and "I admit to wearing a toupee." Unsure about what to do with the data so gathered, they decide to solicit advice from methodological experts. After some inquiries, Achilles and the tortoise end up at Dr. Maraun’s office, where they find him playing language games with Dr. Halpin.

Lactoferrin (LF) exhibits a broad spectrum of anti-microbial properties and may have regulatory functions in the immune system. In the present study, 40 calves (20 males, 20 females) were used to examine the effects of supplemental bovine LF added to colostrum and milk replacer (at 0.16%) on health, weight development and feed intake during a 70-day experimental period. The calves were allocated to a treatment group (n = 20) and a control group (n = 20); the groups were balanced in terms of sex, live weight and date of birth. Body weight and feed intake were measured at regular intervals. Blood and colostrum samples were collected to determine the content of IgG. In addition, colostrum and milk replacer samples were analysed for their LF concentrations. Significantly higher IgG values were observed in the LF treated than in the control group during the entire feeding experiment from week 2 to week 6. Calves receiving LF had less days of disease with less serious cases of diarrhoea than the control group. Body weight and feed intake were not significantly different between the treatments; in male calves LF-treated animals tended towards higher weight gains. This study indicates that LF is advantageous for health and may therefore be a beneficial supplement in the diets for neonatal calves.

Beta-thalassemia major (TM) is the most prevalent genetic disease in Mazandaran Province. Currently, about 2,700 TM patients have been registered and are under treatment in the province. This study was undertaken to evaluate the survival of patients attending a dedicated clinic at the Boo Ali Sina Teaching Hospital, Sari, Iran, which was established in 1986. This survival analysis was conducted from July 2004 to September 2006. New deaths were updated in September 2006. A total of 1,010 medical records were reviewed. Place of residence, date of birth, first transfusion, initiation date of chelation, diagnosis of cardiac complications, diabetes and death were recorded. Compliance to treatment assessed by calculating the percentage of actual usage to prescribed iron chelator medicine and also by asking the attending nurse who was constantly present throughout the last 15 years. Validity of the opinion of the nurse was ascertained in a previous study. Kaplan-Meier statistics were used for analysis. The odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) for some risk factors of death were calculated. The survival rate of patients born before and after 1986 was also compared. Survival of both genders for birth cohort before and after 1986 was not statistically significant although the cohort of patients born after 1986 was better at 30 years old (68 vs. 80%). The survival of TM patients is improving but the prevalence of complications is high.

The relationship between seasonal changes and mental disorders has been extensively studied in the northern and southern hemispheres. In both cases, the results show that there is a higher rate of schizophrenic births during the winter months. The present study attempts to prove the existence of this phenomena in Mexico City, an area that does not undergo extreme weather variations throughout the year. A total of 2,288 schizophrenic patients was considered for this study. Their date of birth was compared to that of the general population of the Mexico City area, a total of 4,848,119 individuals. The number of births was evaluated according to the number of days in each month. The distribution of the births of schizophrenics was compared to the reference population by means of a Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and a X 2 contrast. The annual rhythm of births of schizophrenics was determined through an analysis of the Estimated Seasonal Component. There was a slight, non-significant increment in schizophrenic births...

My grandmother was born in 1918. This is what my family has always known. Her government ID cards list her name, Suey Fun Low, followed by her date of birth, October 28, 1918, and each year we counted out the candles for her birthday cake accordingly. When she turned eighty years old several years ago, she had two birthday parties-one with all her friends and relatives in Vancouver, and another larger one with all our relatives in Zhongshan County in southern China, just north of Macau. So it was a bit of a surprise when I discovered that she was actually born a year later in 1919.

Using dentist characteristics, our aim was to evaluate the reasons for replacements of fillings, the age of failed restorations in the posterior teeth of young adults, and replacement rates. Altogether 205 patient records from the Public Oral Health Service of the City of Vantaa, Finland were evaluated. Patient age was restricted to between 25 and 30 years and type of tooth to posterior teeth only (third molars excluded). Information collected from the records included the patient's date of birth, latest DMFS and DMF, and the code for background data on the dentist. Details of each filled premolar and molar included the restorative material, location, and surface coverage of filling(s). The age of replacement of filling in premolar(s) or molar(s) was screened retrospectively from patient records. The total number of filled premolars and molars was 1873, with 1969 fillings. Forty percent of the patients had undergone replacement of filling in premolar(s) or molar(s). In all, 140 replacements had been made, accounting for 6.9% of amalgam fillings and 8.5% of tooth-colored fillings. Secondary caries, along with fractures, overhangs, and marginal discrepancy, was the most common reason for replacement. The mean age of failed amalgam fillings was 8.9 years (SD 5.2) and of failed tooth-colored fillings 2.4 years (SD 1.6). In the public sector, female dentists form the majority and their replacement rate for amalgam fillings was twice that of male dentists (7.6% vs 3.2%; P = 0.01).

Aims: this study investigated the role of recent liberation from prison as a contributor to the high level of drug overdose deaths in Strathclyde (Scotland), possibly due to reduced tolerance to opiates. Design and participants: data on all imprisoned female drug users previously resident in Strathclyde were collected from admissions/liberations and medical records of Scotland's only female prison for the time period of October 1993 until September 1995. Records were matched by name and date of birth to the drug death records for Strathclyde. Results: of liberated ex-prisoners, 331/690 (48%) were recorded as known drug users. There were 14 sudden and unexpected deaths matched in the Strathclyde death records. Of these, ten (10/14) were recorded as fatal drug overdoses, which represents approximately 28% of the number of female fatal drug overdoses in Strathclyde over the sample period. Three of ten fatal overdoses occurred within 38 days of liberation, the remainder at least 147 days after liberation (mea...

To evaluate the nutritional status and dietary habits of children of the Alto Xingu, Central Brazil, according to age.172 Indian children (10 years of age) of Alto Xingu tribes.Date of birth, sex, weight, height (NCHS reference) and questionnaire of dietary habits at the time of field work.Of the 103 children less than 5 years of age, 34% presented protein-energy malnutrition (PEM), according to Gomez's criteria, of which only 2% with grade II malnutrition and no child presented severe PEM. In relation to the Z scores for the 172 children studied, it was observed that those younger than 1 year (n=25) presented weight for age (median, M=+0.43) and weight for height (M=+1.33) greater (p0.05) than the children with ages between 12 and 60 months (n=78) (weight for age, M=-0.54; weight for height, M=+0.29) and between 60 and 120 months (n=69) (weight for age, M=-0.78; weight for height, M=+0.27). The height for age Z scores for the population studied showed a shift to the left in relation to the reference population in the three age groups (12 months, M=-0.95; 12 to 60 months, M=-1.22 and 60 to 120 months, M=-1.40). The mothers nursed, without exception, to the age of 24 months, and the frequency of breastfeeding decreased progressively to age 42 months. The introduction of solid foods started at the age of 6 months and after the 10th month all the children ate "beiju" (flat bread), fruit and fish.The nutritional status of Alto Xingu Indian children, in 1992, is adequate and similar to that previously observed between 1974 and 1980.

An assessment of behavioural peculiarities of infants born low birth weight (LBW) was carried out using the Infant Temperament Questionnaire (ITQ) as a tool. Thirty apparently healthy infants (11 boys, 19 girls) aged 4 to 8 months (mean age 6 months) who were born in St. Petersburg in 1998 and having weight at birth less than 2500 g (2115 ± 341, mean ± standard deviation) entered the study. Twenty infants (8 boys, 12 girls) were born both light and preterm (gestational age ( 36 weeks), while. 10 babies (4 boys, 6 girls) were born light but at term. Two control healthy infants born at term and having appropriate birth weight were selected for each case. The controls (a total of 60) were matched to cases for date of birth, age at study, sex, and geographic distribution within a city. In each observation the mothers were requested to fill in ITQ. LBW was statistically significantly associated with infant's adaptability, i.e. the ease or difficulty with which initial response to change in routine can be modif...

Summary General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) examinations are taken by almost all pupils in England, Wales and Northern Ireland at age 16 years. General Certificate of Education Advanced level (GCE A‐level) examinations are normally taken by relatively able students at age 18. The effect of month of birth on attainment in these public examinations is investigated through a database which brings together the 1991 GCSE results and the 1993 GCE A‐level results of all candidates born between September 1974 and August 1975. Older pupils perform best at GCSE but not at GCE A‐level. Selection effects on entry to A‐level courses appear to explain why this is the case.

The birthweights of an ethnically homogeneous sample of infants with phenylketonuria, their unaffected siblings, and control infants were compared after adjusting for the effects of: mother's age, mother's date of birth, mother's height and obstetric history, the length of gestation, the infant's sex, the place and date of birth. There were no significant differences between the infants with phenylketonuria and their unaffected siblings either in adjusted or unadjusted birthweights. Control infants had slightly, but statistically significant, greater adjusted and unadjusted birthweights than the combined phenylketonuria and unaffected sibling groups. This effect of the phenylketonuria gene is a previously unreported finding but unlikely to be related to the pathogenesis of phenylketonuria. Our results do not provide support for the "justification" hypothesis that the mental and neurological defects in phenylketonuria result from prenatal tyrosine deprivation which would be reflected in lower birthweights.

Genetic and phenotypic parameters were estimated from 4 annual lamb drops in an experimental flock of 1050 Romney ewes. Progeny were sired by 133 different rams drawn initially from a wide range of industry sources and subsequently selected at random from within the flock. Traits analysed were: growth from weaning (3 months) to 16 months of age, fleece weights of lambs (4 months) and of hoggets (13 months), and number of hogget oestrus occurrences. Relevant records were available on all live progeny as well as on parents born in the flock in the first 2 years. Within years, the principal environmental sources of variation for live weights and fleece weights were age (birth date), birth—rearing rank, and age of dam, all of whose effects diminished as animals grew older; and sex-management group, whose effects increased markedly with age. Of these factors, only date of birth significantly influenced number of hogget oestruses. Interactions among environmental factors were of little importance. For genetic a...

The literature on the epidemiology of various handicapping conditions reflects the interest that researchers have had in the possible role of seasonal variations as correlates of the incidence of specific disabilities. This study investigated the possible relationship between individuals' month and season of birth and their subsequent identification as learning disabled (LD). Birthdate records of 583 LD and 7911 non-LD students in grades K-12 were compared to determine whether monthly or seasonal patterns unique to LD students existed. Non-parametric statistical analysis of the data indicated non-significant differences in birthdate patterns between these two populations. Discussion focuses on the need for caution in presuming the validity of a birthdate effect.

Summary Two possible explanations for a relationship between date of birth and occupation could be astrology or the season of birth hypothesis. Which of these two explanations is more appropriate would depend on the exact nature of the relationship. The present study examined the relationship between date of birth and career, as defined by course of study, for 10,313 university graduates. The results indicated fairly conclusively that there was no relationship between birthdate and career, and so it was concluded that neither astrological nor season of birth factors influence choice of career.

A computer-assisted radiological reporting system (CRRS) was developed for the efficient management and effective use of a database of radiological information. The system consists of a computer terminal linked to an HIS, a reporting console and a personal computer in the local area network of the radiology department, and a radiography care reader which transfers basic data on the patient from the HIS to the CRRS. The patient's name, hospital ID number, sex and date of birth, the department from which the patient has been referred, in-patient/out-patient status and the procedure needed are recorded on magnetic cards (radiography cards) issued to radiology patients. The system has been successfully used in all diagnostic procedures for 8 months: 16,300 reports have been printed out and stored. The system has made it possible to implement the complete radiological reporting procedure for clinical applications, and the required data can easily be retrieved and used. It has proved to be quite easy to use CRRS to obtain diagnostic histories, and the improved efficiency of the reporting procedure has enabled the cost of a clerk typist to be eliminated.

Since 1977 diagnosed attacks of acute otitis media (AOM) in children living in Malmo, Sweden, have been registered in a prospective longitudinal epidemiologic study. The study is planned to continue for about 10 years. The registration includes date of birth and date and place of diagnosis in 6 932 children with AOM as well as official data on the patient's dwelling and type of day-care within the city. In 1977 all children up to 3 years of age were registered. In each of the following 2 years a new age class was included. Since 1980 children up to 15 years have been registered. The disease was most common among one-year-olds, 29% had at least one episode during 1980. The occurrence did not vary with sex. AOM was most common during the winter season. Children living in a modern villa suburb had AOM more often than those living in the centre of the city. The occurrence of AOM was highest among children in day-care centers.

Although adjustable grip dynamometers have been in use for a long time, apparently no one has reported data on the optimum setting for a given hand size. The study population was made up of 138 males and 64 females including adults and children of various ages. The following data were recorded for each subject: name, date of birth, length of hand, width of hand, length of second finger, and glove size. Grip strength of the dominant hand was measured at ten different settings with a Stoelting grip dynamometer. Order of settings was random and there was adequate rest between each trial. The grip strength curves at different settings and for various hand measurements were examined. A slight advantage is gained, particularly for subjects with large or small hand size, through the use of an adjustable grip dynamometer. Of the hand measurements studied in this investigation, hand width appears to be the best criterion for determining optimal dynamometer setting.

Sixty-one patients with clinically verified sinusitis maxillaris were divided by the date of birth into a treatment group of 31 and a control group of 30 patients.The treatment group was given as the only difference from the control group 4 Varidase buccal tablets daily. Both groups were treated with penicillin together with sinus puncture and drainage a.m. Proetz on alternate days.As a criterion for the effectiveness of the treatment the time when a clear irrigation water was obtained on sinus puncture was used.In the present limited patient material it was found that the Varidase treated group showed a smaller average number' of punctures and fewer operated patients than in the comparative control group.

(1967). THE EFFECT OF DATE OF BIRTH ON TEACHERS’ ASSESSMENTS OF CHILDREN. Educational Research: Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 51-56.

(1964). AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE EFFECT OF DATE OF BIRTH ON SUBSEQUENT SCHOOL PERFORMANCE. Educational Research: Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 220-225.

(1965). FURTHER EVIDENCE ON THE EFFECT OF DATE OF BIRTH ON SUBSEQUENT SCHOOL PERFORMANCE. Educational Research: Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 58-64.

This research note reports an investigation into the relationship between date of birth and early performance at school and especially into whether there were more ‘poor achievers’ born during the ...