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Electrocapillarity is the basis of modern electrowetting. And room temperature ionic liquids, an increasingly important set of electrolytes and organic salts that are liquid at room temperature, are considered a novel class of electrowetting agents, because of non-significant vapor pressure, nonflammability, good thermal stability, and a wide useable temperature range. In this paper, a simple device has been fabricated to investigate the electrocapillarity of ionic liquids. It shows attractive features involving wide operating temperature and in particular high stability, fast response and good reversibility at high temperatures. Besides, electrocapillarity of ionic liquids is strongly dependent on power supply frequency. In particular, high frequency, stable, reversible and wide height of rise modulations were obtained. The phenomenon of ionic liquids-based electrocapillarity was found to be affected by the structure and physicochemical properties of ionic liquids such as density, surface tensio...

This paper presents the equations of capillary hydrostatics for interfaces between viscous isotropic fluids and nematic liquid crystals. The interfacial stress balance equation involves the surface divergence of the surface stress tensor. It is shown that the anisotropic elastic contribution due to weak anchoring give rise to bending stresses not observed in isotropic fluids. It is shown that surface gradients of the bending stresses are a source of interfacial normal forces even in planar interfaces. Surface gradients in the normal surface stresses due to weak anchoring generate interfacial tangential forces, equivalent to those present in the thermocapillarity, electrocapillarity, and diffusocapillarity of isotropic fluids. Mathematical expressions corresponding to biaxial nematics for anisotropic surface elasticity, surface stress tensor, Marangoni and normal forces are derived, characterized, and used to establish the main interfacial phenomena driven by nematic biaxial ordering.

Interfacial adhesive failure of a pipeline coating was found to be related to the operating temperature of the pipeline, the presence of moisture at the coating/steel interface and cathodic polarisation of the steel. The application of cathodic protection was found to be more detrimental to a pipeline coating than was the immersion of the coating specimens in alkaline environments without polarisation. It is suggested that in the system examined cathodic disbondment is initiated at a coating holiday by the electrochemical reduction of Fe3O4 in the interfacial oxide film and that propagation of the disbondment is associated with electrocapillary action which reduces the surface tension between the steel and the crevice solution. This process increases the thermodynamic disbonding force between the adhesive and the steel in the aqueous environment.

The polyethylene capillary used for dropping mercury electrodes (D.M.E.) has permitted the study of interfacial tension by a drop time method in highly concentrated solutions. The electrocapillary curves were obtained for the aqueous solutions of KF, NaOH and KCL. The measurements evince that there is a difference between results obtained using glass and polyethylene capaillaries. The difference increases with the concentration of the electrolyte. We attribute that fact to wetting of the polyethylene capillary by mercury.

(1913). LI. A contribution to the theory of electrocapillarity. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Vol. 25, No. 148, pp. 475-481.

(1935). LXXIX. The theory of electrocapillarity.—III. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Vol. 19, No. 129, pp. 965-989.