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Functional foods play a key role in human health and disease. Garlic (Allium sativum) is an eminent plant and has been part of food since ancient times due to its high medicinal food value. The unpleasant taste and odor of raw garlic make consumers reluctant for its use. With consumer demand, the trend for black garlic is getting attention worldwide. Black garlic is obtained from fresh garlic after a controlled fermentation process at high humidity and temperature. The fermentation process causes implausible changes in its physicochemical properties. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have been conducted to elucidate the effect of this natural agent against different health disorders and it has been found that black garlic is an effective in decreasing diabetic, hypercholesterolemic atherosclerosis, hyperlipidemic hypertension, inflammation, oxidative stress, cancer, and different neuro risks. The market for black garlic is developing rapidly to its positive functionality for human health. In the present review article, we have recapitulated the nutritional, chemical, bioactivity, physiochemical modifications during processing, food, and medicinal use and current knowledge of the subject, as well as the sensory aspects, and proposed future prospects on their possible applications as a functional food product.

This article explores the intersection of two nationwide policy discussions in Japan: the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) and the Global Food Value Chain (GFVC) strategy. The former has indicated a...

We explore the possibility that common ownership may constitute a competition concern, raising issues of unilateral effects, horizontal collusion, vertical exclusion and vertical exploitation. We p...

The paper deals with a didactics and research experience, in which actors from cultural (international no-profit Association enhancing food value), academic (University), commercial (packaging prod...

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of a food tourism video clip created by a destination marketing organization on potential tourists’ perceptions of the destination’s food values, familiarity with the destination’s food, behavioral involvement with the destination’s food, and intention to visit the destination for food tourism. A number of important findings were generated. First, of the five food values, “global food” and “attractive food” significantly influenced the respondents’ familiarity with Hong Kong food. Second, for the Generation Y group, Hong Kong food values such as “global food”, “attractive food”, and “realistic restaurants” had strong effects on the viewers’ behavioral involvement with Hong Kong food, while no such relationship was found between food value and behavioral involvement with Hong Kong food among the non-Generation Y group. Third, comparison of two generation groups showed that “realistic restaurants” had significantly more influence on behavioral in...

Oil palm is a commercial crop that is important for its food value and as a biofuel, along with its other benefits towards the economy and human health. Currently, Malaysia cultivates approximately 5.64 million ha of oil palm. To date, a study identifying abandoned oil palm areas using satellite images is almost non-existent. Conventionally, the monitoring of abandoned oil palm lands is tedious and time consuming, especially over large areas. Hence, in this article, the capability of high resolution satellite image via Satellite Pour I’Observation de la Terre-6 SPOT-6 products to extract abandoned oil palm areas was explored, as was the use of multi-temporal Landsat Operational Land Imager OLI imagery to develop the phenology of abandoned oil palm sites. Homogeneity measures derived through SPOT images played a more important role to identify abandoned oil palm than crop phenology characteristics extracted from high spectral resolution of Landsat images. With the advancement of object-oriented classification, monitoring of abandoned oil palm areas can be done semi-automatically with an accuracy of 92±1%.

Minor food crops, often known as “poor man's crops,” are currently neglected or underutilized and have become extinct or rare. These crops can, however, contribute substantially to nutritional security in poor communities as they contain essential and trace elements and thrive in harsh climatic and poor soil conditions and show tolerance to water stress, weeds, pests, and diseases. Genetic improvement for food value is therefore needed so as to minimize hunger, malnourishment, and underfeeding. This would be possible with regional and international cooperation for intensive studies, development, and extension.

According to the theory of conventions, food value chains (FVCs) involve a complex array of actors who share an agreement about the qualities embodied in their particular foodstuff. Nevertheless, t...

This study aimed to capture the underlying quality dimensions (value antecedents) that distinguish between first‐timers and repeaters and that cultivate festival loyalty. Structural relationships were analyzed across the quality dimensions, value, and loyalty for first‐time and repeat visitors. Structural equation modeling revealed that program and convenient facilities alone were antecedents to value for repeaters, whereas food and souvenir, as well as program and convenient facilities, were value antecedents for first‐timers. Specifically, repeat visitors showed stronger relationships on program value and convenient facility value than did first‐time visitors. On the other hand, first‐time visitors associated more strongly with relationships on food value and souvenir value than did repeat visitors. This distinction resulted in a stronger value‐loyalty relationship for repeat visitors than for first‐time visitors. These findings contribute to the understanding of festival‐attendee behavior and thus, pro...

Food choices are replete with values about how society produces, processes, distributes, and consumes food. Consumers act upon these value-based food choices on a daily basis by choosing what food ...

Snake tomato, Trichosanthes cucumerina L., is used as a substitute for the regular tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum(L.) Mill.) in Nigeria. Information is lacking in the literature on the fruit characteristics and food value of this plant. The fruit characteristics and nutrient composition of three morphotypes of T. cucumerina were studied. Results indicated that average: fruit weight ranged from 438.1-651.4 g; fresh pulp weight from 20.4-37.6 g; seed weight/fruit from 21.8-39.5 g; number of seed/per fruit from 54-70; and 100-seed weight from 39.2-64.1 g. Nutrient composition analyses indicated that seed of the three morphotypes are good sources of crude protein (26.2-26.6 g/100 g), fat (44.6-57.2 g/100 g), phosphorus (78.0-81.5 mg/100 g) and calcium (41.0-46.7 mg/100 g). The pulp is a good source of ascorbic acid (23.1-23.3 mg/100 g), suggesting its possible use for paste and puree. The anti-nutritional oxalate content is low (1.20-2.62 mg/100 g), suggesting that mineral nutrients will not be held...

Comparative data were obtained on the growth and survival of early juveniles of the trumulco snail Chorus giganteus from settlement to an age of 4 months when fed either of the mussel species Semimytilus algosus or Perumytilus purpuratus. Growth of the snails after 4 months was significantly greater when fed S. algosus, ending with a mean size of 6162 μm compared with 5192 μm with P. purpuratus. Survival between the two fed groups was not prey‐specific. Survival of the unfed control group was significantly lower beginning at 14 days post‐metamorphosis. After 63 days, survival within the fed groups was 63.2% and only 16.5% in the unfed control group. The similarity of growth and survival of these juveniles during the first 2 months in culture suggested that both prey species had the same food value. The energy cost to the snails of penetrating the different prey species diverged after the second month, as the shells of P. purpuratus became thicker and thus more difficult to penetrate than those of...

Quinoa, a relatively unknown crop in Chilean agriculture, is cultivated in the Andean area in the north of the country, and in coastal unirrigated lands of the southern central area. However, from pre-Columbian times (750 bc), the diverse indigenous ethnic groups that inhabited Chile used quinoa as part of their diet. Today, the area with the largest quinoa cultivation (176 ha) is found in the highlands of Iquique in the I Region. Recently, interest in cultivating quinoa for its food value and as a cash crop has increased, and considerable research is underway. A review of national databases for the last 10 years generated 52 studies of quinoa, half of which were investigations related to food uses. At present, investigations on quinoa are carried out at the universities of Chile—Santiago, Concepcion, and Arturo Prat—Iquique, with studies on stress physiology, ecotype selection, selection for saponin content, saponin use, fertilization, and irrigation. In the Temuco area (IX Region), the Semillas Campex-B...

In die Auswertung sind 34 Pflanzenarten (Graser, Krauter, Leguminosen) einbezogen worden. Es werden Variationsbreiten, Trends und Mittelwerte von Parametern des Futterwertes und der Siliereignung in Diagrammen dargestellt. Die Diagramme enthalten den Rohproteingehalt, die Energiedichte, den Zuckergehalt, die Pufferkapazitat, den Z/PK‐Quotienten und den Nitratgehalt. Auf Grund der starken Differenzierung der Arten ist eine uniforme Bewertung der Pflanzen im Hinblick auf die untersuchten Parameter nicht zulassig. Die Prognose von Futterwert und Siliereignung uber das Arteninventar von Teilflachen erscheint gerechtfertigt. Im Mittel der Pflanzen sind eher Defizite in Bezug auf die Energiedichte als in Bezug auf die Silagequalitat zu erwarten. Fur die Verwendung der Ergebnisse werden Tabellen angeboten, die hier nicht ausgedruckt worden sind. Diese Tabellen konnen von der Verfasserin angefordert werden.

Summary The brown alga Himanthalia elongata (L.) Gray, commonly known as the sea bean, is beginning to be used as human food in Europe. Large quantities are also exported from Europe to Japan where this Pheophyceae is particularly appreciated. The purpose of this work was to determine the food value of this species by studying the variations in its main chemical constituents during the harvesting period (March or June) with respect to different parts of the thallus. We considered variations in nitrogen and protein content, the presence of the main amino acids, the percentage of alginic acid and lipids and the concentrations of mineral salts, soluble and insoluble fibers and fat- and water—soluble vitamins. Except for alginic acid and fibers, the fertile parts of the plant were richer than the sterile parts. This alga has greater food value at the beginning than at the end of spring, and lipid concentrations are higher than those of other food algae.

Analyse de l'ouvrage de P. A. Cox et S. A. Banack et de celui de H. V. Kuhnlein et N. J. Turner consacres a l'ethnobotanique. Le premier est une vue d'ensemble du monde des plantes des Polynesiens mais l'aspect botanique l'emporte sur l'aspect ethnographique. Le second presente une liste des principales plantes nourricieres des indigenes canadiens classees par famille botanique, une liste alphabetique de leurs noms scientifiques et des tables nutritionnelles. Les deux ouvrages sont des appels a la preservation de la connaissance indigene a laquelle participe l'ethnobiologie

Tempeh is a greyish‐white product obtained by fungal fermentation of dehulled, hydrated, and partially cooked soybean cotyledons. It is free of cholesterol, a good source of vitamins and minerals, and is highly digestible. Tempeh can serve as an excellent substitute for animal protein products and it therefore holds promise to combat malnutrition in countries where proteins and calories are in short supply.

The investigations were carried out with varieties rich in tannin (Erfordia, Fribo) and one poor in tannin (White Flowering). The protein of the variety poorer in tannin is slightly richer in methionine and is slightly better digested. The studies on the varieties Erfordia, Fribo and White Flowering in quotas of 7.5...45% as component in the fattening feed for broilers resulted in the same fattening performance as in the control group (maize-soybean-fishmeal ration) and had no influence on the chemical composition of the body and the weight of the pancreas. All rations were isonitrogenous and isocaloric. The soybean oilmeal in the ration was replaced gradually resp. completely by the field bean coarse meal in connection with methionine supplements. The variety poorer in tannin did not have nutrition-physiologic advantages in the the growth experiment with young broiler chickens.