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Although distinctions between full-time and part-time work are vital for understanding inequalities at work and home, consensus and critical reflection are lacking in how employment status should be defined. Full-time and part-time work are often represented as a binary split between those working under or over a specific number of hours. However, this paper, using exploratory mixed methods, evidences problems with assumptions based on working-hour thresholds and highlights the importance of workplace culture and household contexts. Using the UK Labour Force Survey we reveal ambiguities in the reporting of employment status for 12% of workers when comparing definitions based on number of working days, working hours and self-assessment. Ambiguities are particularly prevalent among working mothers with almost a third, who would be regarded as working full-time using hour-based measures, classified as ambiguous according to the measures used here. In-depth interviews with parents who self-classify as part-time workers, despite working over 35 hours a week, reveal mechanisms behind ambiguity within this group linked to organisational norms, previous working hours and divisions of household labour. The paper therefore argues workplace and household contexts are crucial to understanding employment status and recommends this should be taken into account in new multidimensional measures.

As a result of the health and safety concerns associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, in Spring 2020 social work programs nationwide were required to make significant shifts in their instructional methods and field placements. These changes often resulted in faculty members taking on new or additional responsibilities related to teaching and field. This work explores the experiences of full time faculty members from the 18 accredited Masters of Social Work (MSW) programs in Texas. Sixty faculty members completed an online survey about changes to their teaching and field related responsibilities during COVID-19. Results indicate that non-tenure track faculty were most acutely impacted by these changes, leading to significant increases in both teaching and field responsibilities relative to their tenure track peers. Additionally, faculty working at private institutions reported less of an impact on their workload than those working at public institutions. These results underscore the importance of supporting non-tenure track faculty, who are often women and from racial/ethnic groups historically underrepresented in academia, who are afforded less job security and employment related benefits, as they continue to take on additional responsibilities essential to the continued operation of MSW programs. Implications for future research and social work education are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Journal of Social Work Education is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A famous letter from Sir William Osler to Ira Remsen, dated September 1, 1911, concerns Osler's objections to the full-time plan, whereby clinical professors should focus on research and abstain from private practice. Previous accounts of this well-known episode make little or no mention of the recipient other than his being president of the Johns Hopkins University. Remsen, in retrospect, was uniquely positioned to champion ideas advanced by Abraham Flexner, the General Education Board of the Rockefeller Foundation, and some of Osler's former colleagues at Johns Hopkins, notably William H. Welch. Remsen had previously expressed the need for Hopkins to advance science-based medicine; he had introduced Abraham Flexner to the Carnegie Foundation (which led to the Flexner Report); and he appears to have been the first US-born person to possess both a medical degree and a doctorate in basic science. Caught in the middle of a faculty controversy, Remsen chose not to pursue the matter further for reasons that included a passive administrative style, concerns about his health, and friendship with Osler.

BACKGROUND: Emerging adulthood is a developmental period that encompasses individuals from their late teens through at least their mid-twenties, causing parents to be engaged in “parenting” activities longer than in the past. The present study aims to explore the parenting experience and its ascribed meaning among parents of trans emerging adults in Israel. METHOD: Perceptions and perspectives of 18 Israeli parents of trans emerging adults regarding their parenting experiences were explored using in-depth, semi-structured interviews. All interviews were audiotaped, fully transcribed verbatim, and thematically analyzed. RESULTS: Analysis of the interviews yielded three main themes. The first pertains to parental worries; the second pertains to parental support practices, including accompanying and supporting their child in different arenas and serving as their companions and advocates; and the third pertains to parental coping skills. CONCLUSION: Participants portrayed the parenting of trans emerging adults as a demanding, challenging, and complex experience which they described as a “full time job.” Their parenting experiences revolved around the tension between responding to the special needs of their trans children by helping them navigate this period of experimentation and exploration, and the need to give them autonomy and help them develop the independence they want and need. This tension should be understood in light of the specific situation and the stage of the child’s transition, the parent-child relationship, and the family situation, in addition to the wider societal context, which is often hostile and transphobic.

Using data from students and academic advisors at one of the nation’s largest community colleges, our qualitative study examined the cost-related implications of efforts to increase full-time enrol...

There are full-time employed graduate students who undertake full-time studies at universities in other countries but there is minimal documentation of such engagements in Ghana. This study explore...

Recent data reveal that nearly half of all full-time undergraduate students in the U.S. are employed, which means balancing competing responsibilities related to work, school, family, and social li...

Young people entering tertiary education in postindustrial societies choose their courses in the context of widespread uncertainty about future career prospects. At the same time, choice of degree ...

Relying on participants with full time work experience, this study investigates if the national culture of an individual, and the culture dimensions of uncertainty avoidance, in-group collectivism ...

Maintaining an active research agenda while teaching full-time at a community college can be daunting, but with institutional support for scholarly research by way of course release it is possible....

Assisted-transport is the most common informal caregiving task and will be in greater demand due to an aging society. One population group that predominantly covers the demands of informal eldercare while working full time in the paid labor force are carer-employees. The developing carer-employee literature addresses: the health risks for carer-employees; employers of carer-employees, and policy/program interventions. Little research focuses on assisted-transport, which impacts health. This study begins to fill the gap by addressing the following objectives: (1) develop a socioeconomic profile of carer-employees performing assisted-transport tasks; (2) identify any gender differences based on the profile, particularly employment and caregiving traits; (3) examine behavioral factors that increase the likelihood of conducting assisted-transport caregiving, and; (4) determine whether carer-employees are more likely to be overwhelmed from assisted-transport caregiving. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used to analyze Statistics Canada's General Social Survey Cycle 26: Caregiving dataset (2012). Compared to general carer-employees, assisted-transport carer-employees have higher education, household income, and caregiving hours per week and feel more tired and overwhelmed from caregiving. Gender gaps exist based on socioeconomic and caregiving characteristics. Logit results show that female carer-employees are more likely to perform assisted-transport caregiving and feel overwhelmed. Carer-employees conducting assisted-transport caregiving are more likely to be overwhelmed than those who do not.

Full-time virtual schooling is a growing alternative to traditional schools, although it is an option still unknown to many students. The ability to inform students through marketing is thu...

Family-friendly benefits are intended to help mothers balance rather than juggle work and family. Prior research assumes that family-friendly benefits have a similar effect on mothers’ persistence in full-time work across parity. However, there is evidence that the transitions to first-time and second-time motherhood are qualitatively, as well as quantitatively, different experiences. Using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79), we investigate women’s labor force status (full-time, part-time, and not working) after both parity transitions among women who were working in the labor force full-time prior to the birth of their first child. We find that mothers often persist in the same labor force status after the birth of their second child that they held after the birth of their first child, but there is wide variability in labor force and parity pathways. In addition, a wider array of family-friendly benefits is associated with second-time mothers’ full-time work than first-time mothers.

Occupancy patterns are necessary to estimate energy demand and evaluate thermal comfort in households. Because of this, many European countries are developing representative domestic schedules to replace outdated criteria. This paper evaluates the state of knowledge of UK domestic occupancy patterns and develops new domestic occupancy profiles for England. The presented research (1) characterizes methods for collecting occupancy data and inferring patterns; (2) identifies and assesses the quality of categories of occupancy patterns used in building simulation; and (3) develops updated occupancy profiles. A systematic scoping review identified social and monitoring surveys as the most deployed data-collection methods. A systematic literature review also established that the occupancy categories most frequently used in UK building simulation are (a) a family with dependent children where the parents work full time; and (b) a retired elderly couple who spend most of their time indoors. The interview sample from the English Housing Survey 2014���15 was used to map household typologies. Results show that categories (a) and (b) combined amount to only 19% of England���s households, which suggest models are over-reliant on these groups. Considering this result, the paper develops occupancy patterns for England derived from 2015 UK Time Use Survey diaries for each household typology previously identified.

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between work hours and sickness absence: is a higher number of work hours associated with better or with adverse health? A systematic literature review was performed by searching Medline, PsychInfo, and Web of Science. All abstracts were screened to identify papers that empirically investigated the relationship between work hours and sickness absence in a working population. A total of 1072 papers were identified, and 70 papers were included in this review. A simple measure of the strength of effects was applied, and the findings are summarised in narrative form. Evidence supporting a relationship between sickness absence and working part-time or work hours as a continuous variable was inconclusive. These inconclusive findings might be due to heterogeneity in the operationalisation of key variables or to publication bias. Support for a negative relationship between long work hours and sickness absence was moderately strong. Possible explanations for this include the healthy worker selection effect, differences in job characteristics, and differences in job motivation. Empirical testing of these explanations, however, has been limited. Our findings indicate that employers should monitor employee health in times of high work pressure, even if sickness absence is low. Norges forskningsråd 237784

• Researchers have studied enrollment patterns and examined the impact on persistence, retention, and completion.• Community colleges are putting into place practices that facilitate and incentiviz...

This exploratory study is situated in a critical tradition. It aims to describe and analyse the reliance on percentage assessments of functional capacity among a group of young adults in rehabilitation after serious motor vehicle accidents.Qualitative interviews and participant observation. Thematic and theoretically informed analysis was carried out.The concept of percentages played a significant role in the study participants' meaning-making processes as they went through rehabilitation. Percentage scores below 100 made a strong impression on them and were associated with strong emotions. They also strove to prove their scores wrong, often by attempting to function in full time (100%) employment positions. Significantly, many talked as if they "were" their percentage scores.The utility of percentage logics is to describe parts of that which is full and whole, and we argue that this logic provides for specific and problematic ways of seeing and understanding impairment and disability. When scored on hierarchical scales, functional tests by necessity rank bodies and bodily functions as better or worse while precluding alternative understandings of affected function. Implications for rehabilitation Measurements expressed in numbers and percentages are used in rehabilitation by professionals to depict and convey functional capacities to patients, but this "language" also leaks into the wider context of patients' lives and understandings of themselves. The act of measurement may work to rank bodies in specific and normative ways that are unable to express difference as a valuable instance of human diversity, and may make rehabilitees question whether they are complete human beings. Medical professionals should address and take into consideration the wider consequences of the act of measurement when they provide guidance and support for patients' in their rehabilitation processes.

When is a good time to have children? Where is a good place to raise a family? Should I work full time? These and other questions are common for faculty looking to combine work and family. In this ...

This paper demonstrates that rejecting the standard definition of full-time and part-time workers, the estimated number of hours that an individual is likely to work as a full-time worker is a func...

A professional classical singer of more than 25 years (AZ) in his early 50s requested this voice researcher’s consultation and assistance in early 2014. He was about to start living full time as a trans* man. Despite his intention to be included in the low start/gradual increase testosterone option of the Trans* Male (previously, “FTM”) Singing Voice Program, the request contained a rather unconventional aspect: AZ would continue to sing while his voice was changing. The above request was integral with his singing history. After the introduction of safeguards and his informed consent, AZ was accepted onto the Program. Due to the highly individual circumstances, his participation was recorded as a case study. The study has aimed to replicate the particulars of the slow hormonal changes and continuing singing ability found in certain cisgender male adolescent voices. Despite dealing with an adult trans* male individual, the progress has been comparable. This has been achieved by carefully monitoring...

Collegiality, which indicates respect, a voice in decision making, and a commitment to the common good, is central to academic governance and faculty culture. However, as faculty work is increasingly unbundled, little is known about how concepts traditionally applied to tenure-track faculty, such as collegiality and the collegium (to which access is granted through recognition of expertise), apply to newer categories such as full-time non-tenure-track faculty (NTTF). This interview study investigated collegiality experiences among 38 full-time NTTF in a public comprehensive university and a religiously affiliated research university. A framework blending symbolic interaction (Blumer, 1980; Snow, 2001) and role ambiguity (Bess, 1992) was used to understand the experiences of NTTF with collegiality. Findings suggest that with little opportunity to earn recognition as experts based on scholarship, NTTF experiences with collegiality are at best conditional and at worst deficient. Interactions with col...

Recent research suggests at least half of community college faculty who are teaching part-time would rather have a full-time appointment (Cashwell, 2009; Kramer, Gloeckner, & Jacoby, 2014). Little is known, however, about what distinguishes those voluntarily teaching part-time from those preferring a full-time faculty position. This inquiry draws from person-job fit theory to investigate adjunct faculty members’ abilities and qualifications, as well as their needs from the job itself (Edwards, 1994). Participants were 1,245 adjunct faculty teaching in 10 community colleges during the spring 2016 term. Two thirds of the participants were at least somewhat interested in becoming full-time faculty at a postsecondary institution, with 47% expressing strong, immediate interest in such a position. An ordered logistic regression model indicated that several dimensions of qualifications, job experiences, and socio-demographics predicted employment preference. Part-time faculty with higher levels of recent...

Does part-time work support first-time mothers’ employment by providing a stepping-stone into full-time work in Germany? Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel from 1984–2012, this study compares three different age cohorts of first-time East and West German mothers to investigate whether there has been any convergence between East and West Germany in the way women use part-time employment. Results show that mothers in West Germany in all cohorts tended to remain in part-time employment for longer periods than those in East Germany. Part-time employment more often provided a stepping-stone into full-time employment in East Germany than in West Germany. East German women who gave birth after reunification were less likely than older cohorts to experience a transition from part-time to full-time work. Thus, part-time employment not followed by subsequent full-time work has become more common in the East.

This study aimed to identify a consensus Advanced Placement (AP) chemistry exam score among MFT2 institutions, and determine how this value compared against target schools within the State of Alaba...

A significant number of the jobs that are found in the tourism sector are relatively low-paying positions. The share of part-time employment is also large. This study focuses on individuals who have remained in the sector for many years and are making a career in tourism. The analysis is based on a balanced panel consisting of individuals who, between 2002 and 2011, lived and worked full time in the tourism industry in central Sweden. Data were analyzed using three different models; a cross-sectional OLS model was utilized for the analysis of the data from 2011 and both a pooled OLS model as well as a fixed-effect model were used in the analysis of data between 2002 and 2011. The fixed-effect model is important because it captures differences in ability among the individuals included in the study. The results show a lower income for individuals in the tourism sector compared to the rest of the economy. However, the results of the panel data estimations indicate that the effect of education is stro...

Children with disabilities require coordinated services to optimise transition into school. This study compared type, frequency and approach to service utilisation for children with primary language impairment transitioning from rehabilitation to the educational system, and examined parent satisfaction. Parents responded to a telephone questionnaire to determine services received during Kindergarten. The Measure of Processes of Care examined parental satisfaction with services received at school. Preschool services received in the rehabilitation setting were extracted from the hospital database. There was a reduction in all services received in the school system with the exception of special education, which was provided to a greater number of children and on a full time basis. More children received occupational therapy and special education individually at the rehabilitation centre. Few factors were associated with a change in received services. Rehabilitation clinicians must provide necessary s...

To describe a structured, short-term, transfer training intervention for full-time pediatric wheelchair users, investigate the impact of training on transfer skills, and to examine similarities and differences in response to training compared to those seen in adult wheelchair users.Randomized clinical trial.Participants were first randomized into an intervention (IG) or control group (CG). After completing surveys and demographic intake forms, all participants performed two sets of level transfers (from wheelchair to bench and back to wheelchair = one set) at three time points. Each time point composed of two transfer sets were scored using the Transfer Assessment Instrument (TAI) and averaged to produce a final transfer score per time point. No feedback or training were given to participants prior to time points one and two however the IG received structured training prior to transfer assessment # 3. TAI scores were compared at transfer assessment #3 using a Mann-Whitney test.Transfer Assessment Instrument (TAI) and Self-Perception Profile for Children (SPPC).Intervention group participants demonstrated significant improvements among TAI scores (9.06 ± 1.01) compared to the control group (7.15 ± 1.67), P = 0.030, d = 1.385. No significant differences were found among SPPC scores.Pediatric wheelchair users transfer skills were found to improve immediately after training with TAI score changes similar to those seen in adult wheelchair users after training. Such improvements may be a factor in long-term upper extremity preservation. Further testing is needed to examine the long-term impact of improved transfer skills.

As jobs in legacy media organizations become increasingly scarce, crowdfunding has gained some momentum as a way for journalists to raise money to start their own media ventures or bolster freelance budgets. While crowdfunding is often positioned as empowering for both the journalists and donors, what is often overlooked is the amount and type of labour involved in crowdfunding. This article examines labour in crowdfunding from three vantage points: the labour involved in the campaign itself, the labour of the donors and the type of labour crowdfunding enables. This paper argues that the amount of work is akin to having a second full-time job. Moreover, having to embrace entrepreneurial techniques and market their work is something many journalists are uncomfortable with. Further, this paper examines how donors are implicated in the labour of journalism, and how journalists are hoping to “commodify” the audience. Finally, this paper addresses how crowdfunding does afford journalists agency, enabling them ...

Grades historically have indicated student performance in college. Previous studies in the higher education literature, primarily conducted at four-year teaching institutions, have suggested reasons for grade inflation but have provided little supporting empirical data. This quantitative, non-experimental, comparative study used survey research to explore whether there is a difference in the degree to which full-time and adjunct faculties perceived themselves to be influenced by factors thought to be associated with grade inflation, specifically in a community college setting. Data analyzed from 1,559 full-time and adjunct faculty of a Midwestern community college in the United States indicated full-time faculty felt they were significantly more influenced by administration pressures than adjunct faculty in their grade assignment, whereas adjunct faculty reported being most often influenced by student concerns such as (a) personal circumstances, (b) academic anxieties, and (c) success after the co...

This study followed the workforce choices of 10-years of graduates from a longitudinal rural immersion programme, which involved living for one academic year in a rural location as a medical student. The Rural Clinical School of Western Australia is a whole-of-state Rural Clinical School partnership involving two medical schools and fourteen rural/remote towns.For this longitudinal cohort study, all consenting graduates were contacted annually after graduation, with the outcome measure being rural work location (defined by the Australian Standard Geographical Classification -Remoteness Area) of any duration.There were 417 consenting graduates. Between 16 and 50% of contacted alumni worked rurally for a period of each post-graduate year. Aggregated over time, the majority took up to 30% of their postgraduate training rurally. There was considerable movement in and out of rural work. About 17% of contacted and practicing graduates were working full time rurally at the 2013 contact point. The majority remained in their state of training. The majority identified with GP and other rural-related colleges, and College-affiliation predicted amount of rural training time. Entry into rural work was equivalent for urban-origin and rural origin alumni, suggesting one year of RCS is sufficient to convert commitment to rural work.Undergraduate rural immersion is sufficient to create a graduate rural workforce that is far more mobile that was previously appreciated.

Little empirical research has focused specifically on the assistant coaching position. The purpose of this study was to explore the roles, responsibilities and relationships of assistant coaches in Canadian university football. Six full-time assistant coaches were interviewed and the results from the inductive thematic analysis revealed the importance of coordinating one of the team’s units and recruiting prospective student-athletes. Additionally, participants stressed the value of building relationships in all aspects of their profession, including with their head coaches and student-athletes. Findings from this study provide a preliminary understanding of the assistant coaching position, and could help inform research, theory and practice regarding the assistant coaching position, as well as assist in the development of coach education geared specifically towards assistant coaches.

There is a danger that technology in education is implemented for technology’s sake, and that not enough thought is given to designing courses that use it to facilitate more effective ways of learning that are student centred. Drawing on the Law Society Diploma Centre’s experience and on student feedback over the last four years, this article will outline how we have adapted the provision of continuing professional education to include the use of blended learning, iPads, a customised webcasting facility, an app and a “massive open online course” or MOOC. Legal professionals are using a proliferating number of mobile devices to integrate personal and professional information. As a result, accessibility to content “on the move” is one of the key factors in providing post-qualification and continuing professional development courses for busy practitioners who work full time. The blended learning design draws on Garrison’s Community of Inquiry Model, and caters for the particular learning needs of solicitors ...

From the 1998–99 French Insee time use survey, the time cost of children is estimated in terms of hours of foregone leisure. The focus on couples with two spouses working full time implies no need to be concerned about substitution between home production and labor supply. The model accounts for selection into full-time employment, endogenous wages, and controls for outside help with home production and child care. The foregone leisure cost per child under the age of 3 is 1.6 hours for each parent. It is about half that size for children aged 3 to 14. Children over age 14 involve no leisure cost to parents.

An appropriate wheelchair cushion is integral to pressure ulcer (PU) prevention for the wheelchair user with SCI. For users who find it difficult to remember or perform weight shifts, an alternating pressure air cushion (APAC) may off-load pressure to minimize PU risk. APACs are considered mobility assistive technology (AT). Effective AT delivery includes consideration of the AT consumer as a unique individual. The Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction with Assistive Technology (QUEST) is a structured and standardized method to measure user satisfaction with AT.Twelve full time wheelchair users with SCI were provided with an APAC six times for 2 weeks daily home use every 3 months. At the completion of the 18-month study period, the 8-variable QUEST 2.0b questionnaire was applied to evaluate satisfaction with APAC use.Users were generally quite satisfied with APAC weight (p 0.01 relative to neutral). Durability was more likely to be an area of concern. Overall, 92% of participants considered themselves quite satisfied or very satisfied with APAC use (p 0.001).Users with SCI were satisfied with the overall performance of the APAC tested after repeated periods of use. The majority of user's were very satisfied with APAC comfort overall. Implications for Rehabilitation Abandonment of AT may be reduced if user satisfaction is evaluated. The QUEST 2.0b is a useful and valid measure of user satisfaction with alternating pressure air cushions. In the current study cohort, users with SCI were satisfied with the performance and comfort of the APAC tested after repeated periods of use.

This qualitative research study investigated a faculty liaison (FL) model, an alternative to traditional field supervision implemented in an urban teacher residency (UTR) program. In the FL model, professors teaching in the UTR program were assigned to school sites rather than individual teacher candidates to observe and provide feedback, evaluate teacher candidate performance, and connect coursework and classroom practice. Results indicate strong support for the continuation of the FL model in lieu of traditional supervision. Specifically, the FL model supported teacher candidate learning, both in the field and in university coursework; and enhanced school-university collaboration. The authors provide an analysis into the FL model and recommendations for integrating full time faculty into school-based portions of teacher education.

Background: The continuing decline in clinician scientists is a global concern. This paper reports on a two-fold rationale to address this decline by increasing the number of students on a formal pathway to an academic research career, and building a ‘teaching-research nexus’ using the research intensive environment at our University. Methods: The University of Queensland has implemented a research intensive program, the Clinician Scientist Track (CST), for a select cohort of students to pursue a part time research Masters degree alongside their full time medical degree. To this end, the support of clinical academics and the research community was vital to achieve a ‘teaching-research-clinical nexus’ – most appropriate for nurturing future Clinician Scientists. Results: In three years, the CST has 42 enrolled research Masters’ students with the majority (90%) upgrading to a PhD. Research represents 33 different areas and over 25 research groups/centres across this University and internationally. Conclusions: Other research intensive institutions may similarly build their ‘teaching-research nexus’ by purposeful engagement between their medical school and research community. The CST offers a feasible opportunity for outstanding students to build their own ‘field of dreams’ through an early start to their research career while achieving a common goal of rejuvenating the ethos of the clinician scientist.

This study examined how full-time university students cope with part-time working during term time. A qualitative approach was used to examine how students simultaneously manage the two activities, and how part-time working affects their academic study. Semi-structured interviews were used to obtain data from a sample of 30 undergraduate business students. The findings confirm that students merely satisfice many aspects of their lives, with time set aside for reading and assignment preparation being areas that are most likely to suffer in order to allow students to engage with part-time work. Possible options available to higher education institutions to adapt to, and remedy, the situation are explored in the conclusion

This national study assessed the broader issue of the negative impact of the community college employment practice of hiring excessive part-time faculty. The model was conceptualized using variables identified from prior research for institutional effects on graduation rates, and it included variables for the regional accreditation for the adequacy of full-time faculty. Data used in the study were retrieved from the National Center for Education Statistics and from the nation’s six regional accrediting agencies. Among the major findings in the study, graduation rates were found to be significantly correlated among schools belonging to different regional accreditation agencies. Ratios of full-time faculty, institution size, instructional spending, and ratios of full-time students were also found to correlate significantly with increased graduation rates.

There are many possible reasons why students leave university prior to degree completion, and one of the more commonly cited is being employed while studying. This paper analyses the impact of employment status on dropout rates using survival analysis. It finds that employment status does have an impact on dropout rates; students who work full time alongside studying full time are less likely to complete their programme than students working short part-time or not working at all. However, it seems as if there is a threshold to how much students can work, as working more than 20 h a week (long part-time work) increase the risk of dropout as much as full-time work. Integrating employment status into the analysis does not change the effect of variables known to have an influence on dropout, such as grades, gender and social background, but it contributes to further explain who are at risk of dropout. This implies that models for dropout and retention must also take such external factors into account, not jus...

To examine the relationship of self-esteem and wheelchair type with participation of young adult manual and power wheelchair users with diverse physical disabilities.Cross-sectional survey study.Large University Campus.A convenience sample of college students (N = 39) with self-reported physical disabilities who are full time wheelchair users (40 per week) and are two or more years post illness or injury.Not applicable.The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale was used to measure self-esteem, and the Craig Handicap Assessment and Reporting Technique was used to measure participation.Self-esteem correlated highly with cognitive independence (CI) (r = 0.58), mobility (r = 0.67) and social integration (SI) (r = 0.52). Use of manual wheelchair was significantly related to higher levels of CI and mobility while longer use of any wheelchair (power or manual) was significantly associated with higher levels of mobility and SI. In addition higher self-esteem independently predicted a significant proportion of the variance in CI, mobility and SI, while type of wheelchair predicted a significant proportion of the variance in CI (p 0.005).High self-esteem was found to be the strongest predictor of participation in a population of young adults with mobility limitations. Better understanding of the factors influencing participation may help to facilitate new interventions to minimize the disparities between persons with disabilities and their able bodied peers. Implication for Rehabilitation A total of 46.8% of wheelchair users report the desire for increased community participant but face significant barriers. The type of wheelchair has been identified as having a large impact on participation. This study found self-esteem to be the strongest predictor of participation, which is notable because self-esteem is a characteristic that is potentially modifiable with treatment.

This case study of New Zealand teachers' thinking and learning focuses on the relationship between theory and practice for teachers who become agents of change in their contexts, improving teaching and learning for students from diverse linguistic and cultural backgrounds. We rewrote an assignment for the primary and secondary teachers who taught full time and studied part time with us in a graduate TESOL programme. The task was inspired by Sannino's analysis of a critical conversation to trigger the design of an action plan that would configure richer language learning opportunities within the teachers' schools. The findings reveal the areas for action identified and the resources and tools on which the teachers drew. We drew on Kumaravadivelu's postmodern pedagogical framework with its three operating principles of particularity, practicality and possibility to analyse the findings.

Listening is often cited as an important component in effective business operations. Yet how listening is perceived differs between managers and staff personnel. This article utilizes the revised and validated Listening Competency Scale to examine the listening profiles of staff and managers with differing levels of experience who work full time for medium- to large-sized organizations. Based on Wolvin and Coakley's (1993) conceptualization of listening, this revised scale measures critical assessment, therapeutic, appreciative, comprehensive, and discriminative listening. Findings suggest listening competencies in critical, comprehensive, and discriminative listening progress as employees acquire managerial practices and experience; this appears to be independent of listening training. Managers and staff, however, do not differ on therapeutic and conversational content listening, indicating listening behavior could be contextually dependent.

This study examined perceptions of performance analysis (PA) within elite youth football. More specifically, this study set out to investigate and examine perceptions of PA, and how it is perceived to impact upon players performances individually and collectively. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews, which were conducted with academy players, full time academy coaches, and performance analysts, associated with an English Premier League Academy team. The findings from this study suggest that within elite youth football, three areas are key considerations when thinking about video-based performance analysis: a) impact of video-based PA upon team and individual performance, b) video-based PA as a tool for reflection, and c) psychological implications associated with video-based PA.

This paper investigates the relationship between psychological contracts, organizational commitment and employment characteristics among paid employees in a non-profit organization. This is an empirically neglected workforce group. Using fuzzy c-means clustering, our analysis establishes three clusters of employees based on their psychological contract perceptions. Subsequent validation shows that the clusters display different levels of organizational commitment, based on an aggregated commitment measure and three singleitem measures pertaining to Loyalty, Values and Effort. In addition, the clusters are differentiated by their demographic profiles, particularly regarding the work role and type of employment contract held. Although prior psychological contract research has considered the impact of employment status (full-time, part-time and temporary), little attention has been afforded to the nature of the work role undertaken, and its implications for the psychological contract. Our exploratory cluster analysis explicates the need for further role-related research in the nonprofit sector and beyond. Potential role-related factors underpinning the differential management of employees in the non-profit sector and other work contexts are discussed. The importance of further research into the impact of the nature of the work role on psychological contract expectations is identified.

This study is a secondary quantitative analysis of the 2004 National Study of Postsecondary Faculty (NSOPF) data. It examines the ability of human capital, intrinsic rewards, extrinsic rewards, and gender/race demographics to predict full-time community college faculty teaching on-line courses. Findings indicate that those faculty with higher degree attainment were three times more likely to teach online. Faculty members who felt the institution supported teaching were 8% more likely to teach online, and faculty who taught general education courses were 25% less likely to teach online than their occupational/vocational counterparts. This data offers an important baseline for future work. Online course offerings trend upwards, with 50% of all online enrollments at two year institutions (Allen & Seaman, 2008).

The aim of this study was to explore the views of parents and caregivers on the optimal age for enrolment in childcare. The sample consisted of 41 parents of children aged 18 months or less who were in childcare (22 boys and 19 girls), and 34 of their caregivers. Parents and caregivers were interviewed using a semi-structured interview. Both parents and caregivers found the questions difficult to answer; individual differences between children were mentioned as one of the reasons. Many of the parents and caregivers suggested an enrolment age of 12–18 months. An interesting difference occurred between the two groups: five (13%) of the parents suggested enrolling children before the age of one year, such as at 9–10 months of age, but none of the caregivers wanted children enrolled before the age of one year.

Background Limited research exists on the effect of a sports dietitian (SD) on athletes’ dietary habits and nutrient periodization, which is the deliberate manipulation of macronutrient intake to match training goals. Further, the difference in dietary habits between men and women collegiate athletes has been understudied. A survey questionnaire examining dietary habits and practices was administered to athletes at two universities that employed a full time SD. Not all athletes used the SD as their primary source for nutritional guidance. The purposes were to examine the effect of a SD as a primary source of nutrition information, and the effect of gender on dietary habits in collegiate athletes. Methods Three hundred eighty-three women (n = 240) and men (n = 143) student-athletes (mean ± SD: age = 19.7 ± 1.4 years) from 10 collegiate sports took a 15-min survey consisting of questions on dietary habits and practices. Topics queried included eating habits, breakfast habits, hydration habits, nutritional supplementation use, pre-workout nutrition, post-workout nutrition, nutrition during team trips, and nutrient timing. Data were sorted by the athlete’s source of nutritional information (i.e., sport dietitian, other). Data analysis consisted of descriptive statistics and 2-way Pearson X2 analyses (p ≤ 0.10). Results When a SD was indicated as the primary nutrition information source, athletes appeared to have a greater understanding of nutrient periodization (47.12 % vs. 32.85 %), were more likely to have school-provided boxed meals while on team trips (21.29 % vs. 6.77 %), and also less likely to consume fast food while on team trips (9.90 % vs. 19.55 %). Men athletes consumed fast food or restaurant meals more frequently, had higher weekly and more frequent alcohol intake during the competitive season. Women athletes were more likely to prepare meals, eat breakfast 7 days a week, and have school-provided boxed meals. Conclusions Positive effects on dietary habits were observed when a SD was the primary nutrition information source. Practitioners should be aware of the gender differences in alcohol intake, fast food consumption, and knowledge of nutrient periodization. Collegiate athletes and athletic staff members could benefit from SD access to safeguard against dietary habits detrimental to performance.

Full-time MBA students amount to about one-third of the 26,000 students enrolled on MBA programmes at UK universities. The programmes have become increasingly international in student composition and concerns have been expressed about performance, quality and comparability between programmes. Research into predictors of MBA success has been equivocal with few clear indicators. This paper presents two case studies at two post-1992 universities of full-time MBA programmes and the relationship between entry qualifications – interpreted widely – and graduation success. Full-time programmes inevitably attract overseas students from outside Europe and this creates differences, not only in culture and ethos, but also in content, teaching methods, assessment and attitudes to assessment. The discussion includes the competing perspectives of financial performance and education and the changing face of MBA programmes due to internationalisation. It concludes that there are broad similarities between the two institut...

This paper maintains that part-time workers are a heterogeneous group: some choose their number of hours so as to comply with the prescription of the identity to which they adhere; others choose to work part-time because they are unable to integrate the competing and incoherent claims made by the different identities (or roles) to which they adhere. By using information on people's life goals and on the importance of having a job to achieve those goals, I derive measures of the importance of labor-market activities for the identity to which individuals adhere. Self-reported measure of the perceived time crunch generated by competing work and non-work activities is used to gauge the lack of smooth integration between the different identities (or roles) to which an individual adheres. The empirical analysis based on this data set supports the initial claim.