Search

This special issue focuses on what a standpoint of carceral abolitionism brings to citizenship studies, with immigration detention as the key case study. The nine articles and editorial introductio...

Background: Motivation represents a core concept in substance use disorder (SUD) treatment while commitment constitutes a compelling construct lacking empirical investigation. Although music therap...

Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) officers use the National Risk Assessment for Detention (NRAD) process to evaluate the ‘riskiness’ of immigration detainees. The NRAD’s key tool is a 2-page doc...

Background: Due to negative societal stereotypes associated with substance use disorder (SUD), many people with addictions experience perceived stigma and lack perceived social support. Perceived s...

Introduction: While a recent randomized feasibility study concerning patient-preferred live music (PPLM) with patients on a cardiovascular unit demonstrated it can be effective for reducing...

Background: Service users' values and preferences are components of evidence-based practice and recovery. Methods: Adults (N = 113) with substance use disorder (SUD) on a detoxification unit were cluster-randomized to one of three group-based single-session conditions: Recreational music therapy (RMT), educational lyric analysis for illness management and recovery (ELA-IMR) or educational songwriting for illness management and recovery (ESW-IMR). Participants completed the Ferrara Group Experiences Scale after their session. Results: There were significant differences in the sharing of emotions and experiences subscale between the RMT and both the ELA-IMR and ESW-IMR conditions, with the educational conditions having higher scores. There was a significant difference in the total group experience between the RMT and ELA-IMR conditions, with the ELA-IMR condition having a higher score. Conclusions: Merging the results of previous literature with the current study, educational music therapy interventions can positively impact recovery-based objectives and the group-based experience in adults with SUD.

Resultant of engaging in behaviors outside of their value systems to maintain addiction, many people with substance use disorder (SUD) feel shame and guilt. Although shame, guilt, and pride do not represent traditional dependent measures in SUD research, experimental studies targeting these constructs are warranted.The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a single songwriting intervention on state shame, guilt, and pride with adults with SUD on a detoxification unit.Participants (N = 118) were cluster-randomized to songwriting or control conditions. To avoid testing fatigue in this single-session study, experimental participants received a group-based blues songwriting protocol targeting state shame, guilt, and pride and then completed the questionnaire. Control participants completed the questionnaire before receiving an intervention.While there was no significant between-group difference in state shame or guilt, there tended to be slightly lower mean scores in the experimental condition. There was a significant between-group difference in state pride (p = .012), with experimental participants having higher mean scores than control participants.Although only the state pride measure reached significance, shame, guilt, and pride represent consequential constructs for people with SUD. As addressing shame and guilt can be perceived as confrontational, group-based blues songwriting may represent a positive, engaging, and creative intervention to target these challenging but important topics. Implications for clinical practice, limitations, and suggestions for future research are provided.

Introduction: Acute care mental health inpatients have the expertise to evaluate different group-based music therapy interventions. Moreover, from an objectivist worldview, there is a need for data...

Patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation (BMT) experience heightened anxiety and depression, which can negatively impact treatment outcomes. Music therapy is a non-invasive method of...

The purpose of this review paper is to present a case for more proximal and emic approaches to the study of religious meaning-making in suffering. Meaning-making is an important way in which religi...

Background: Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) leads to over four million hospitalizations in the USA annually. Clinicians have used music listening and music therapy in hospital settings to improve pati...

Although illness management and recovery is an established evidence-based treatment for adult mental health consumers, there is a dearth of music therapy research in this critical area. The purpose of this cluster-randomized effectiveness study was to determine the effects of different levels of structure within educational music therapy interventions on knowledge of illness management and recovery and affect in adult acute care mental health inpatients. Participants (N = 115) were randomly assigned by cluster to one of three single-session group-based conditions: high-structure educational music therapy (HS-EMT), low-structure educational music therapy (LS-EMT), or wait-list control (WLC). Significant between-group differences were found in knowledge of illness management and recovery between the HS-EMT condition and both the LS-EMT and WLC condition, with the HS-EMT condition having more favorable means. Significant between-group differences were also found in positive affect between the LS-EMT ...

For patients hospitalized on inpatient detoxification units, reducing negative symptoms such as withdrawal and craving is a key treatment area. Although lyric analysis is a commonly utilized music therapy intervention for clients in substance abuse rehabilitation, there is a lack of randomized controlled music therapy studies systematically investigating how lyric analysis interventions can affect patients on a detoxification unit.The purpose of this cluster-randomized effectiveness study was to measure the effects of single-session group lyric analysis interventions on withdrawal and craving with patients on a detoxification unit. A secondary purpose of this study was to determine if relationships existed between treatment effects and participants' familiarity with the song.Participants (N = 144) were cluster-randomized to experimental (posttest only) or wait-list control (pretest only) conditions to provide treatment to all participants in an inclusive single-session design.Although participants in the experimental condition had lower withdrawal and craving means than participants in the control condition, these differences were not significant. Familiarity of the song in the lyric analysis was not related to withdrawal or craving.Group-based lyric analysis interventions may be effective for temporarily relieving withdrawal and craving in patients on a detoxification unit. Familiarity of the song did not affect results. Implications for clinical practice, suggestions for future research, and limitations are provided.

Psychiatric patients who are able to cope with life stressors and appropriately use leisure time are less likely to be rehospitalized. The purpose of this study was to examine how verbal processing of recreational music therapy affected psychiatric patients’ knowledge and use of coping and leisure skills. The researchers utilized a quasirandomized controlled design and collected data at pretest, immediately before discharge, and at one month postdischarge. The researchers isolated verbal processing within recreational music therapy sessions to determine if the verbal-processing component affected proactive coping and patients’ use of coping and leisure skills. Using the Proactive Coping Scale, the researchers measured patients’ proactive coping before and after attending recreational music therapy sessions. Results indicated no significant between-group differences in patients’ proactive coping scores. Difficulties conducting research in psychiatric settings, clinical implications, limitations, and sugges...

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of educational music therapy on illness management knowledge and mood in acute care psychiatric inpatients. A secondary purpose was to determine if there were between-intervention differences in songwriting and lyric analysis conditions. Participants (N = 98) were randomly assigned by cluster to one of three single-session group-based scripted conditions: educational lyric analysis, educational songwriting, or wait-list control. Results indicated significant between-group differences in the illness management knowledge measure in the songwriting and wait-list control conditions as well as in the vigor subscale measure in the lyric analysis and wait-list control conditions. Although not significant, both educational music therapy conditions tended to have slightly more positive mean scores than the wait-list control condition in measures of illness management knowledge, depression, vigor, confusion, tension, and fatigue. Single-session educational musi...

Detention of irregular migrants and asylum seekers takes place at the behest and convenience of virtually all liberal states. It is a harmful practice that impacts non-citizens as well as citizens, and has far-reaching ramifications for our understandings of the ethics of immigration and border control. Thus far, however, normative theorists engaged in the vibrant immigration admissions debate have remained mostly silent on the topic of detention. By unmasking and revealing the essential roles played by detention in enforcing immigration controls, this paper is intended to highlight the dangers for normative theory of maligning or underestimating detention. In particular, a study of detention refocuses scholarly attention on the temporal and spatial aspects of immigration enforcement, the undesirability of warehousing or containment proposals for addressing refugee or immigration crises, and the virtually irreconcilable ethical conflicts at the core of the immigration admissions debate. Normative theorists would be remiss in ignoring the ethical and practical consequences for an increasingly large number of people that are exacted by detention practices worldwide.

The purpose of this study was to determine the immediate effects of group psychoeducational songwriting on quality of life, depression, and treatment perceptions in acute psychiatric inpatients during a randomized three group design. Participants were randomly assigned by cluster to one of three conditions: Group songwriting (n = 33), psychoeducation (n = 32), or recreational music therapy (n = 40). Quality of life and depression were measured via established psychometric instruments and treatment perceptions were measured via Likert-type scales at immediate posttest. Results indicated no significant between-group differences in quality of life or depression measures. However, participants in the songwriting condition tended to have the highest mean quality of life and lowest mean depression scores. Participants in the psychoeducation condition tended to have the lowest mean quality of life and highest mean depression scores. Although not significant, participants in both music therapy conditions tended t...

This pilot intervention compared the effects of songwriting and discussion as methods for teaching self-care to caregivers of those with dementia. The investigator led a psychoeducational discussion and a songwriting intervention with a group of caregivers, focusing on self-care. Participants answered two open-ended questions that were analyzed by finding themes and with the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) program. Themes found included: distraction from stress; reiteration of subject matter; fun; group cohesiveness; therapeutic insight; appreciation; and comment on presentation. The music therapy condition had more responses in the “fun,” “appreciation,” and “comments on presentation” than did the psychoeducational condition. LIWC results were similar between groups. Future interventions warrant utilizing larger groups, psychometric instruments, and follow-up procedures.

Because of the relatively poor treatment available, the high financial costs of hospitalization, multiple and complex issues of persons with severe mental illnesses, and advancements in pharmacotherapy, psychiatric patients are often only hospitalized for a few days before they are discharged. Thus, brief psychosocial interventions for persons who are mentally ill have become an important treatment methodology. This article presents a brief review of crisis intervention and its literature as it relates to persons with severe mental illnesses and music therapy. Additionally, it provides clinical guidelines for therapists working in this setting along with a description of an innovative 72-hour program and approach to crisis intervention treatment at a public inpatient psychiatric facility. The article concludes with a clinical case example of music therapy treatment on this pioneering unit with a patient who was diagnosed with malingering.

This article presents a review of nonverbal literature relating to therapy, music, autism, and music therapy. Included is a case study of a woman with autism who was nonverbal. The case highlights and analyzes behaviors contextually. Interpretations of communication through the music therapy, musical interactions, and the rapport that developed through the music therapy treatment process are provided.

Perhaps one of the most neglected areas of criminological research is the jail and what limited research is available has focused primarily on issues concerning the conditions of confinement within...

Although the function of CD5 on B cells is unknown, previous studies suggested that CD5 interaction with V(H) framework regions of surface immunoglobulins (Igs) may contribute to survival and expansion of B cells. Here we used B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) cells and transformed B-cell lines from normal and B-CLL patients to study CD5-Ig interactions. Immobilized Ig binds and permits isolation of CD5 from lysates of CD5-expressing cell lines. Immunoglobulins or Fab fragments of different V(H) families varied in their effectiveness as inhibitors of anti-CD5 staining of CLL cells, appendix and tonsil tissue sections. Human Ig also binds to purified recombinant CD5. We show here for the first time that the unconventional Ig-CD5 interaction maps to the extracellular CD5-D2 domain whereas conventional epitopes recognized by anti-CD5 antibodies are localized in the D1 domain of CD5. We propose that interactions of VH framework regions with CD5 as a ligand may maintain, select or expand normal, autoimmune or transformed B cells and also contribute to skewing of the normal V(H) repertoire.

Undocumented: The Architecture of Migrant Detention is a beautiful book about a disturbing subject. The author, Tings Chak, is an architect and immigrant rights activist, and Undocumented unabashed...

Data from files on 1,076 incarcerated female felons were analyzed to provide answers for questions regarding female chronic offenders: (1) How similar are female chronic offenders to male chronics? (2) How do female chronic offenders compare with female non-chronics? and (3) Which variables were the most powerful discriminators between these female groups? The results indicated that: (1) Like male offenders, female chronics in comparison to non-chronics were more likely to be younger, of minority group status, single, substance abusers, committing crimes alone, and involved in spouse abuse; (2) When comparing female chronics to female non-chronics, it was found that the process of becoming a female chronic offender appeared to be more complex than for males in that more criminogenic forces were required to overcome the crime inhibiting effects of female socialization; and (3) The core variables that most strongly discriminated between the female chronics and non-chronics were; age at first adult arrest, s...

The walls of a prison or an immigration detention centre are alleged to do many things. They could divide the world into strictly controlled and immobilized spaces. They might draw lines between la...

Based upon interview case study materials, gathered in the San Francisco Bay Area, this paper develops the concept of the public style of neighbouring. This style recognizes interdependence among people who share neighbourhood space as the basis for the relationship. It focuses on mutual obligation and the communication of differences rather than friendship. The paper suggests that the public style permits urbanites who are more likely to live in heterogeneous and dense neighbourhoods, to live together while maintaining the privacy of individual households, but breaks down when the population grows too diverse. Only those who are willing to balance property rights with neighbourhood obligation are able to maintain it.

We have investigated the human antibody repertoires that bind to two different classes of bacterial antigens. Immunization with the conventional antigen, type b capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae Hib PS, uniformly induces IgA and IgG responses dominated by clones that use heavy chains structurally related to two subsets of VH3 genes, while in a minority of subjects antibodies from the VH1 or VH4 families are co-induced. In contrast, the "alternative binding site" of Staphylococcal Protein A (SPA) represents an unconventional determinant, because; (i) SPA is bound by a large proportion of non-immune IgM, IgA and IgG F(ab')2, (ii) SPA is bound only to Fab from the VH3 family, which can be encoded by at least four different germline genes, (iii) SPA binding is independent of VL usage, (iv) by flow cytometry SPA is bound by15% of tonsilar B cells, but not to T cells. (v) In vitro stimulation with an SPA containing mitogen induces the preferentially production of Ig bearing a VH3 marker. Taken together, these studies characterize a VH family restricted binding interaction that is distinct from the properties associated with conventional antigens such as Hib PS. Based on these data we propose that SPA represents a prototype for a B cell superantigen.

The literature has documented the correlation between prostitution and drug use/misuse. This study probed demographics, drug use experimentation and frequency, age of first drug use, and drug use treatment among 53 female prostitutes and 47 female arrestees. The results indicated that: 1) prostitutes were likely to drop out of school; 2) significantly more prostitutes had tried drugs, had used drugs with greater frequency and had begun drug/alcohol use at younger ages. These results imply that: 1) early drug/alcohol use and withdrawal from school could leave young women vulnerable and at higher risk of becoming involved in prostitution; and 2) drug use treatment and intervention needs to begin at younger ages.

(1991). Plastic Buffalo Humps: Theory as Sludge in the Journal of Higher Education. The Journal of Higher Education: Vol. 62, No. 6, pp. 682-694.

Outlaw bikers have been described by various participant observation studies. To confirm empirically these observations and gather further data, incarcerated bikers and nonbiker inmates throughout the United States were surveyed. Discriminant analyses indicated that as compared to nonbikers, biker inmates were significantly more likely to be younger and be white, report a violent crime as their most serious offense, and report less time spent in juvenile institutions. They were also found to place a higher value on toughness, excitement, fate, and group autonomy. These findings suggest the existence of a distinct outlaw biker counterculture. Implications of these findings for further research are drawn.

(1979). Merleau-Ponty's Human Ambiguity. Journal of the British Society for Phenomenology: Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 23-38.

This paper is an analysis of the review for publication of an earlier manuscript that was submitted to a journal in the developing field of “higher education”. The earlier paper originated as a conference presentation and was subsequently revised for journal submission. The manuscript was rejected by the editor on the basis of reviewers' comments. In an article that follows, the author presents sections of the earlier paper and the reviewers' comments pertaining to those sections of the original manuscript. The reviewers' comments are analysed on the basis of a certainty‐uncertainty continuum that it is argued is manipulated to justify the reviewers' epistemological biases. Implications for the field of higher education are discussed.

The beginning of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae HIS4 gene has been fused to the structural gene for Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase. This construction, which contains HIS4 DNA from -732 to +30 relative to the translation initiation codon, has been integrated into the yeast genome at two chromosomal locations, HIS4 and URA3. At both locations, this 762-base-pair stretch of DNA is sufficient for initiating expression of beta-galactosidase activity in S. cerevisiae and confers upon this activity the regulatory response normally found for HIS4.

Over the past 20 years, there has been an important change in the structure of home ownership. For millions of Americans, home ownership is now accompanied by mandatory membership in a home owners’ association and by shared ownership of private property in a common-interest development (ClD), which includes condominiums, planned developments, and cooperatives. The CID adds complex new responsibilities to home ownership. These obligations are poorly understood not only by home buyers, but also by realtors, planners, and other professionals in industry and government. In this paper, the origin, extent and structure of the common-interest developments in the United States today is described. Some of the problems resulting from misunderstanding this type of ownership are enumerated.

The virtually complete deficiency of the purine salvage enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) results in a devastating neurological disease, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. Transfer of the HPRT gene into fibroblasts and lymphoblasts in vitro and into hematopoietic cells in vivo has been accomplished by other groups with retroviral-derived vectors. It appears to be necessary, however, to transfer the HPRT gene into neuronal cells to correct the neurological dysfunction of this disorder. The neurotropic virus herpes simplex virus type 1 has features that make it suitable for use as a vector to transfer the HPRT gene into neuronal tissue. This report describes the isolation of an HPRT-deficient rat neuroma cell line, designated B103-4C, and the construction of a recombinant herpes simplex virus type 1 that contained human HPRT cDNA. These recombinant viruses were used to infect B103-4C cells. Infected cells expressed HPRT activity which was human in origin.

Despite substantial increases in female arrests for fraud and forgery, only minimal research has focused on these offenders. A perspective is provided by this anicle, which reviews findings from a study of 32 convicted female forgers. These subjects were part of a larger sample of female offenders that were selected on a proportionate random basis by race and offense from the population of the Florida Correctional Institution at Lowell. The findings indicate that the majority of female forgers were white, although blacks were disproportionately represented, under 30, of average intelligence, single and had prior arrests for forgery related offenses. The female forger was typically found to operate alone, engage in little or no planning and to be motivated by a desire for financial gain. A preliminary typology which included two major categories, check bouncer and the forger was developed.

(1982). The Philosopher's Body and the Body of the Photograph. Journal of the British Society for Phenomenology: Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 256-266.

Insertion of two different Ty elements into the Saccharomyces cerevisiae HIS4 regulatory region eliminates transcription of HIS4. Transcription can be restored by genetic rearrangements involving the Ty element inserted at HIS4. Several deletions, an inversion, a translocation, and a gene conversion are capable of restoring HIS4 transcription. Some of the rearrangements result in new transcriptional initiation sites. One type of revertant of his4-912 results from recombination between the delta elements flanking the Ty element, leaving a solo delta in place of the complete Ty. Strains carrying a Ty912 delta at HIS4 are His- at 23 degrees C. Unlinked suppressors (SPT) lead to suppression of this His- phenotype and increase levels of the normal HIS4 transcript. These suppressor genes affect not only the amount of transcription from the normal HIS4 initiation site, but also that from new initiation sites within Ty sequences adjacent to HIS4.

(1969). Comparison of the Management of Suppression Amblyopia by Conventional Patching, Intensive Hospital Pleoptics, and Intermittent Office Pleoptics. American Orthoptic Journal: Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 40-47.