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The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) expanded the emergency use authorization for the BNT162b2 messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech) for children aged 12-15 years on 10 May 2021. To date, less than a year has passed since vaccination against COVID-19 has been used in children and adolescents, and the overall effects and safety of these vaccines are still being assessed. The BNT162b2 vaccine originally had a favorable profile in 12-17-year-old recipients compared with older ages, and no serious adverse events had previously been reported. Despite various adverse events, the benefit of reducing the infection rate or the frequency of severe COVID-19 has been evaluated to outweigh the harm caused by COVID-19 vaccination. Additionally, several cases of sudden development of new-onset or relapsing glomerular diseases, including acute kidney injury (AKI), have been reported in adults following the BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine. Herein, we present two cases of adolescents who developed AKI following the second administration of the BNT162b2. These are the first pediatric cases of acute tubulointerstitial nephritis temporarily linked to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.

As another wave of COVID-19 outbreak has approached in July 2020, a larger scale COVID-19 pediatric Asian cohort summarizing the clinical observations is warranted. Children confirmed with COVID-19 infection from the Republic of Korea, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) and Wuhan, China, during their first waves of local outbreaks were included. Their clinical characteristics and the temporal sequences of the first waves of local paediatric outbreaks were compared. Four hundred and twenty three children with COVID-19 were analyzed. Wuhan had the earliest peak, followed by Korea and HKSAR. Compared with Korea and Wuhan, patients in HKSAR were significantly older (mean age: 12.9 vs. 10.8 vs. 6.6 years, p

We have prepared three pigments and six soluble dyes with thermal stability derived from diketo-pyrrolo-pyrrole (DPP) pigment by N-alkylation and dimerization. Synthesized dyes and pigments were measured by an absorption maximum (λmax) and thermal stability using a UV-VIS spectrophotometer and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) respectively, comparing with C.I. Pigment Red 254. These dyes exhibited superior solubility to the organic solvents by introducing the linking group (n-octyl). DPP pigments have inferior thermal and solvent stability, which has so far inhibited their commercial adoption in color filter fabrication. The thermal stability of the N-alkylated dyes can be highly contributed by both the carbon number and their shapes of N-alkyl group in DPP ring.

Eight kinds of yellow metal (III) complex azo dyes were synthesized using different diazo component, coupling component and metal ion. The effect on the thermal stability of the synthesized dyes by azo ligand with two different functional groups, alcohol and carboxylic acid, was studied. The characteristics of the synthesized dyes were examined by their absorption maxima, thermal stability by a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and the chromatic characteristics of the fabricated films were measured. It was also explained that the effect of functional groups on the thermal stability of the dyes as well as their chromaticity values.

Disazo dyes were derived from heterocyclic amines by diazotizing 2-Amino-6-nitrobenzothiazole, 2-Amino-5-nitrothiazole, and 2-Amino-3,5-dinitrothiophene and coupling with Aniline as middle componen...

Asymmetrical bis(dithiobenzil) metal complex (BMC), as a NIR(Near Infra-Red) absorbing dye, was synthesized via preparation of asymmetric benzoin intermediates. Four synthesized dyes were characterized by elemental analyses and GC-Mass, 1H-NMR(nuclear magnetic resonance) analysis. The absorption characteristics of the synthesized dyes in the NIR region were measured using UV-VIS spectrophotometer. Maximum absorbing wavelength was shifted depending on the character and position of substituents in the bis(dithobenzil) metal complex.

6 dyes derived from Diketo-pyrrolo-pyrrole pigment were prepared by introducing an N-alkyl group, an N-acyl group or an N-aryl group to the DPP-ring. Absorption maxima, thermal stability by a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and the chromatic characteristics of the fabricated films were measured. It was explained that the observed hypsochromic shift and the effects of N-substituent on thermal stability of the dyes as well as a chromaticity diagram.

The color properties of liquid-crystal displays are usually classified on the basis of color representations, contrast ratios, and brightness, which primarily depend on the properties of pigments. Among these classifications, the contrast ratio can be improved by minimizing the light scattering of the pigment particles, which is directly related to the degree of dispersion. Therefore, synergists are usually applied to increase the contrast ratio by augmenting the efficiency of the dispersion. In this study, synergists containing anthraquinone as a backbone were synthesized and then their performance in improving the contrast ratio was examined.