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In this paper, we report on the analysis of data collected from 684 students majoring in Accounting and Finance, to examine the relationship between academic outcomes and Work-integrated Education ...

Capstone projects are common in undergraduate programmes, providing students with a culminating educational experience designed to draw on the knowledge and skills accumulated over the course of th...

The international business education literature suggests that a global mindset can be acquired and benefit students to embrace new ideas and improve their critical thinking. Using a sample of 1,448...

This study examines the impact of grade retention on behavioral outcomes under a comprehensive assessment-based student promotion policy in New York City. To isolate the causal effect of grade rete...

Through the interest rate deregulation and banks’ off-balance-sheet activities (OBSAs) in Hong Kong, this study investigates the debate over the impact of banking deregulation on banks’ risk-taking behaviour. On the one hand, the Arrow effect implies that increased competition caused by the interest rate deregulation motivates Hong Kong banks to speed up their development of OBSAs as an additional but riskier income source. On the other hand, the Schumpeterian effect implies that the deregulation may reduce the banks’ financial capability in developing new products and thus downscale their OBSA adoption. Our findings show that, while the negative scale effect is statistically insignificant, the interest rate deregulation has a positive and significant impact on the adoption rate for all OBSA categories. We therefore conclude that the interest rate deregulation unambiguously leads to riskier bank behaviour in terms of higher OBSA adoption.

The Asian currency crisis led to the collapse of agreements that Indonesia had negotiated for private electric power only a few years earlier. The ensuing struggle with investors created bad publicity and cost the country several hundred million dollars. As Indonesia in 2007 was designing a new law that would pass the constitutional test and encourage private investors in electric power, it was not clear that officials had fully understood the lessons of the earlier disputes. The original problems lay less in the legal framework than in lack of information about deals elsewhere, in the personal interests of highly placed individuals, and in the institutional structure and procedures for negotiations. The resulting power purchase agreements produced high electricity prices, imbalanced allocation of risks and rewards, and unwillingness to use the most effective defences when disputes arose. Learning from the past should help officials avoid similar mistakes in the future.

We revisit the effect of varying the tackifier aromaticity on adhesive performance in a styrenic block co-polymer (SBC)-based pressure-sensitive adhesive tape. Aromaticity strongly affects the compatibility between the tackifying resin and base polymer and is defined as the relative number of protons attached to an aromatic ring. Dynamic mechanical analysis, peel resistance, tack, shear resistance and atomic force microscopy were utilized to detect changes in adhesive performance due to resin aromaticity. The results indicate that increasing the aromaticity of the tackifier enhanced the compatibility between the tackifier and styrene domains. As a consequence, the high-temperature cohesive performance measured by the shear adhesion failure temperature decreased due to plasticization of the end-blocks by the aromatic resins. However, other properties of interest such as the glass transition of the rubbery matrix, tack, peel resistance and holding power were less affected by the resin aromaticity. We note t...

(2006). A ranking of accounting research output in the European region: a correction. Accounting and Business Research: Vol. 36, No. 4, pp. 345-348.

This study provides a ranking in accounting research output in Europe during 1991-2002. We use a set of 19 accounting journals to rank accounting programmes for 253 European universities. UK universities are overwhelmingly represented in the top ranking. Over the entire period, the top three universities are the University of Manchester. London School of Economics and the University of Edinburgh. Some leading European accounting programmes made good progress in research output during the 12-year period. The distribution of publication is highly skewed. The top-5, top-10, and top-25 universities account for 21%, 30%. and 54% of the total weighted number of articles, respectively.

Wildlife professionals need better ways to integrate ecological and human dimensions of wildlife management. A focus on impacts, guided by a structured decision process, will orient wildlife management toward rigorous, integrative decision making. Impacts are important socially defined effects of events and interactions related to wildlife that merit management. To manage impacts we propose adaptive impact management (AIM). This approach has seven primary components: situational analysis, objective setting, development of system model(s), identification and selection of management alternatives, actual management interventions, monitoring, and refinement of models and eventually interventions. Adaptive impact management builds upon strengths of systems thinking and conventional adaptive management, yet differs in that fundamental objectives of management are impacts on society, rather than conditions of a wildlife population or habitat. Emphasis is placed on stakeholder involvement in management and shared...

This paper explores guanxi within the context of 'ethical' behaviour. It was found that guanxi exerted a strong influence on our sample, with the exception of the necessity to lend money. As well, there appeared to be a significant minority of respondents who would behave unethically to preserve group solidarity. It was suggested that a modified version of the Belcourt et al . 's management development model would be a useful tool in the development of modified coaching processes for use in authoritarian cultures.

This study examines the stock-price behavior of Chinese stock markets in the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges. There are strict stock-ownership restrictions in China. Foreign investors can only trade B shares, while domestic investors can only trade A shares. Under this two-tier trading system (A and B shares), we find that the stock-price behavior is very different between the two tiers and in most of the firms. A- and B-share prices do not have the same price dynamics. Essentially, A- and B-share prices tend to be driven by their own economic forces. The results are qualitatively the same by using firm-level data with or without exchange-rate adjustment. The result of cointegrated/noncointegrated A- and B-share prices of individual firms can be explained by the ownership distribution, liquidity, and financial characteristics of the firms.

3′-Azido-2′,3′-dideoxy-5-hydroxymethyluridine (AZHMddUrd) was synthesized to improve the potency of 5-hydroxymethyl-2′-deoxyuridine (HMdUrd) against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). AZHMddUrd was a very poor inhibitor of HIV replication (ED50 >200 μM) and was also nontoxic up to 400 μM (highest concentration tested) to HT4-6C (HeLa CD4) cells. AZT was phosphorylated by human cellular thymidine kinase. In contrast, AZHMddUrd and HMdUrd were poor substrates for the kinase. The relationship between molecular conformation and antiretroviral activity for 3′-azidothymidine (AZT), HMdUrd and AZHMddUrd is discussed.

* This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No PRA78–10238. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this Publication are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.

The three dimensional structure of the activiral agent, 5-methoxymethyl-2′-deoxyuridine (MmdUrd) was determined by x-ray diffraction methods. MMdUrd crystallized in space group P212121 of the orthorhombic system with a = 9.166(1)A, b, = 25.348(1)Amm c = 5.270(1)A and Z = 4. The conformation of the glycosyl bond is anti (χ = 233.30), the deoxyribose ring has the C(2′)-endo envelope conformation (2E), the CH2OH side chain has the g+ conformation and the methoxy group at the C(5) position is on the same side of pyrimidine plane as the 0(4′) oxygen. NMR spectroscopy was used to determine the conformation in solution. The spectra indicate that the sugar ring exists in a 60:40 equilibrium of the S- and N-states. The population of the three rotamers about the exocyclic c(4′)–C(5′) bond were estimated to be g+:t:g::61%:31%:8%. The correlaiton of molecular conforation with antiviral activity is discussed.

The molecular structure of N6-(4-nitrobenzyl)-β-D-2′-deoxyadenosine (I) has been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. A potent inhibitor of adenosine permeation in cultured S49 mouse lymphoma cells, I binds tightly (KD 2.4 nM) to high affinity membrane sites present on the nucleoside transporter elements of these cells. Compound I crystallizes in the trigonal space group P3221 with unit cell dimensions a = b = 8.0009(9)A, c = 49.174(8)A, and Z = 6. The structure was solved by direct methods and refined by least-squares to a final R = 0.038. The mean plane of the 4-nitrobenzyl group, an important substituent for potent nucleoside transport inhibition in a series of S6-substituted 6-thioinosine derivatives, is inclined at an angle of 120.6° to the plane of the adenine ring. The torsion angles around the methylene carbon atom of this benzyl group are C(6)-N(6)-C(10)-C(11), 96.6° and N(6)-C(10)-C(11)-C(12), 93.6°. The glycosidic torsion angle, X, is 217.1° which corresponds to the common a...

∗ The research reported in this paper was done while I was a consultant to the Harvard Development Advisory Service. I am grateful to Sri Hartono and Sjahruddin for assistance in the collection of data.