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The Bosphorus is one of the main migration routes for soaring birds in Europe. Migrating White Storks and Black Storks have been counted at Buyuk Camlica hill in the four autumn seasons of 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009 for 78 days each year. The numbers recorded are significantly lower than those counted in the1970’s, and it is discussed whether this decline could be related to a change in migration routes caused by an increase in the size of the urban area of the City of Istanbul. The population of Istanbul has increased from 3.0 million in 1970 to 13.2 million in 2010.

We present a new hydrodynamic modelling framework capable of fully exploiting modern graphics and central processing units (GPUs and CPUs) from any of the mainstream vendors, to be used in the design and assessment of sustainable drainage systems. A finite-volume Godunov-type scheme is combined with the HLLC Riemann solver to create a robust numerical model which correctly addresses wetting and drying and transient flow conditions, and is suitable for application to a wide range of flood simulations. The software is tested with a three day flood event in Carlisle during 2005, at resolutions from 25 m to 2 m. Run-times are significantly reduced without compromising numerical accuracy. Excellent agreement is found between the simulation results and a comprehensive post-event survey. Changes in sensitivity to Manning's n are examined at different resolutions, with changes to the floodplain found to have little influence at 2 m resolution.

The mastery of the spreadsheet technique has become almost universal in economics departments. The authors explain, step-by-step, how the spreadsheet can be used as an instructional aid to teach basic microeconomic concepts.

With the use of simple computer programs in BASIC, students can solve microeconomic problems involving demand and supply and profit maximization. The exercise is not mechanical but takes the student through the analytical process.