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The aim of the study was to evaluate sustained attention performance of children with ADHD and effect of distractors on sustained attention through an eye-tracking during a class-flow video task.Data were collected using an eye-tracking during a class-flow task conducted with 60 children (ADHD and control groups). Two areas of interest were determined in the task, these are relevant (teacher and whiteboard) and irrelevant (any regions outside the relevant area) areas. The task also included distractors in relevant and irrelevant areas, comprising a brief conversation and dropping of a pencil, respectively. Proportion of total fixation duration on areas of interest (PFDAOI) was used to assess sustained attention.Children with ADHD had lower PFDAOI in the relevant area during the whole class than children in the control group. After the relevant area distractor, PFDAOI increased in relevant area in ADHD group, indicating these children may have better attention after the distractor. However, children with ADHD also showed increased PFDAOI in the irrelevant area following the irrelevant area distractor, indicating that it negatively affected them. There was no significant change in the control group following the distractors.These findings indicate that children with ADHD have poor sustained attention performance during the whole class. Moreover, distractors in distinct areas could affect children with ADHD differently. Thus, students with ADHD could benefit from increased stimuli in the relevant area and this can be a guide for classroom arrangements to improve the academic functionality of these children.

This study aimed to compare the effects of interactive and non-interactive videos concerning the autism spectrum disorder on medical students’ achievement. It also evaluated the relation between the interactive videos’ interactivity and the students’ decision-making process. It used multiple methods, including quantitative and qualitative methods. The participants were 60 medical students, divided into two groups. One group watched an interactive video while the other watched a non-interactive video. Pre- and post-tests were used to evaluate the students’ relevant achievements in each group. Moreover, a think-aloud protocol was used to evaluate the decision-making process of the group who watched the interactive video. The pre- and post-test results indicated an increase in the achievements of students in the tested groups. Students who watched the interactive video were found to be more successful. Finally, watching interactive videos was shown to positively affect medical students’ decision-maki...

Vitamin D3 has long been known to affect the skeletal system and mineral metabolism. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the effects of vitamin D3 on different systems. The re...

Work in the field of sexual abuse is extremely stressful and may arouse negative personal reactions. Although these secondary trauma effects are well described on a personal level, there is not enough evidence to understand whether these professionals carry these effects to their homes, families, and offspring. This study aims to identify the effects of working with child abuse cases on the anxiety level and parenting styles of childhood trauma workers and on their children's well-being. A total of 43 health and legal system workers who worked with abused children in any step of their process and who had children constituted the study group, and 50 control cases, each working in the same institution and having the same occupation as 1 of the participants from the study group and having children but not working directly with children and child abuse cases, were included in the study. Participants were asked to fill out a sociodemographic form, the Parental Attitude Research Instrument, the trait portion of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and an age-appropriate form of the Child Behavior Checklist for each child they had. Professionals in the study working with child abuse cases demonstrated significantly higher democratic parenting attitudes. Law enforcement workers working with child abuse cases demonstrated stricter and more authoritarian parenting strategies, as well as more democratic attitudes, than their colleagues. There was not a statistically significant relationship between child abuse workers' anxiety level and their children's well-being among control subjects.

Objective: In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the effects of Vitamin D on cognitive development and autism. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between autism, cognitive developmental delay and behavioral problems. We also aimed to examine the possible mechanisms of interaction between nerve growth factor (NGF) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) levels.Methods: Sixty-four toddlers with developmental delay participated in the study. In the initial assessment, the cases were subjected to a psychiatric examination and developmental tests. Vitamin D, GDNF, and NGF levels were observed. Patients who had low vitamin D levels received replacement treatment. Six months later, the same measures were repeated.Results: Significant progress in autistic symptoms and development scores were determined for the group receiving vitamin D replacement. A negative correlation was found between vitamin D levels and NGF levels. Development scores and GDNF levels were ...

Munchausen syndrome by proxy (MBP) is an extreme form of child abuse where children were unnecessarily treated or investigated for medical conditions that were falsified by their caregivers. Here the authors report a 16-year-old female with the complaints of bleeding from multiple and unusual sites, including hemoptysis, hematuria, bloody tears, and bloody nipple discharge, all of which are only witnessed by her mother. Extensive investigation revealed no organic etiologies for bleeding. The diagnosis of MBP was put by a multidisciplinary team. The diagnosis of MBP must be kept in mind in conditions where there is no underlying organic pathology in a bleeding patient.