76 results on '"Programming method"'
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2. Special issue on 2021 augmented environments for computer-assisted interventions (AE-CAI): guest editors’ foreword
- Author
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Marta Kersten-Oertel, Ziv Yaniv, Simon Drouin, Jonathan McLeod, Qi Dou, Cristian A. Linte, Duygu Sarikaya, and Elvis C. S. Chen
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Engineering ,Multimedia ,business.industry ,Biomedical Engineering ,Computational Mechanics ,Programming method ,computer.software_genre ,Computer Science Applications ,Visualization ,Computer-Assisted Intervention ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,business ,computer ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS - Abstract
Welcome to this Special Issue of Taylor & Francis’s Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Imaging & Visualisation (TCIV) journal dedicated to the 2021 joint edition of the Au... more...
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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3. Special issue on 2020 augmented environments for computer-assisted interventions (AE-CAI): guest editors’ foreword
- Author
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Ziv Yaniv, A. Jonathan McLeod, Cristian A. Linte, Daniel A. Hashimoto, Marta Kersten-Oertel, Duygu Sarikaya, Simon Drouin, Qi Dou, Elvis C. S. Chen, and Xiongbiao Luo
- Subjects
Engineering ,Multimedia ,business.industry ,Biomedical Engineering ,Computational Mechanics ,Programming method ,computer.software_genre ,Computer Science Applications ,Visualization ,Computer-Assisted Intervention ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,business ,computer ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS - Abstract
Welcome to this Special Issue of Taylor & Francis’s Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Imaging & Visualisation (TCIV) journal dedicated to the joint edition of the Augment... more...
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. A two-scale attention model for intelligent evaluation of yarn surface qualities with computer vision
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Bingang Xu, Zheru Chi, Xiaoming Tao, Sheng Yan Li, and Hong Fu
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Engineering ,Polymers and Plastics ,Artificial neural network ,business.industry ,Materials Science (miscellaneous) ,05 social sciences ,Feature extraction ,Probabilistic logic ,02 engineering and technology ,Attention model ,Yarn ,Programming method ,050105 experimental psychology ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Probabilistic neural network ,Salient ,visual_art ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Computer vision ,Artificial intelligence ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,business - Abstract
In this paper, an intelligent computer method for yarn surface grading is developed to analyze yarn board image and objectively evaluate yarn quality according to ASTM D2255.Both statistical features measuring the overall performance and relative features measuring salient regions are elaborately designed and selected. Statistical features are extracted to characterize the yarn body and hairiness. In relative feature extraction, a two-scale attention model is proposed and developed, which can fully imitate human attention at different observation distances for the whole and detailed yarn information. Global and individual Probabilistic Neural Networks (PNNs) are then designed for yarn quality evaluation based on eight-grade and five-grade classifications. A database, covering eight yarn densities (Ne7~ Ne80) and different surface qualities, was constructed with 296 yarn board images for the evaluation. The accuracy for eight- and five-grade global PNNs are 92.23 and 93.58%, respectively, demonstra... more...
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- 2017
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5. A single machine EPQ inventory model for a multi-product imperfect production system with rework process and auction
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Ata Allah Taleizadeh and Amir Hossein Nobil
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0209 industrial biotechnology ,Operations research ,Rework ,02 engineering and technology ,Economic production quantity ,Multi product ,Programming method ,Profit (economics) ,Nonlinear programming ,020901 industrial engineering & automation ,Exact algorithm ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Imperfect production ,Economics ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing - Abstract
In this paper, a multi-product Economic Production Quantity (EPQ) inventory model for a defective production system by a single machine is considered. The faulty produced products are reworked or are put on auction as they are. The aim of this research is to determine the optimal cycle length and the percentage of reworking every fault product such that the total inventory cost, including setup, production, holding, reworking, and lost profit, is minimized. We have proved that this problem is a convex non-linear programming method. Therefore, we came up with the exact algorithm based on differentiation to solve it. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is performed to evaluate the effect of changes in different parameters of the problem. more...
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- 2016
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6. Special issue: ‘CMBBE2018 – 15th international symposium on computer methods in biomechanics and biomedical engineering & 3rd conference on imaging and visualization’
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João Manuel R. S. Tavares and Paulo Rui Fernandes
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Engineering drawing ,Engineering ,business.industry ,Biomedical Engineering ,Computational Mechanics ,Biomechanics ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Programming method ,business ,Computer Science Applications ,Visualization - Published
- 2020
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7. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Pressure sore prevention in vet medicine: importance of the supports
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Thibaut Cachon, Claude Carozzo, Eric Viguier, A. Bongartz, L. De Vreught, J. Caraty, and P. Moissonnier
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Human-Computer Interaction ,Pressure sore prevention ,Nursing ,business.industry ,Biomedical Engineering ,Medicine ,Bioengineering ,General Medicine ,Programming method ,business ,Computer Science Applications - Abstract
(2019). RETRACTED ARTICLE: Pressure sore prevention in vet medicine: importance of the supports. Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Vol. 22, 44th Congress of the Societe de Biomecanique, pp. S538-S539. more...
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- 2019
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8. Application of a goal programming algorithm to incorporate environmental requirements in a multi-objective Columbia River Treaty Reservoir optimization model
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Ziad Shawwash, Alaa Abdalla, Abdullah Mamun, Jian Li, and Thomas K. Siu
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Engineering ,Operations research ,business.industry ,Lexicographical order ,Programming method ,Flood control ,Electricity generation ,Goal programming ,Reservoir storage ,Reservoir optimization ,Treaty ,business ,Algorithm ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
Due to large variability in streamflows and a lack of adequate reservoir storage capability in US territories, a treaty for the Columbia River was established between Canada and the USA in 1964. However, the treaty only considers power generation and flood control, and to address environmental issues, supplemental operating agreements have been signed each year since the 1990s. In this paper, we present a goal programming (GP) optimization algorithm to model the terms and conditions of the Supplemental Operating Agreements of the Columbia River Treaty (CRT) between BC Hydro and “United States Entities”. The GP technique is a multi-objective programming method that has been used in many different fields including reservoir optimization. After its introduction in 1961, it has been used extensively and is considered a robust modeling technique. The GP algorithm we have developed models the multi-objective problem using a combination of lexicographic and weighted goal-programming techniques. Case studies usin... more...
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- 2015
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9. In memorium Christopher Rae Jacobs
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John Middleton
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media_common.quotation_subject ,0206 medical engineering ,Biomedical Engineering ,Art history ,Bioengineering ,030229 sport sciences ,02 engineering and technology ,General Medicine ,Art ,Programming method ,020601 biomedical engineering ,Computer Science Applications ,Human-Computer Interaction ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,media_common - Abstract
Dr Christopher Rae Jacobs 1965–2018 (Editor Journal of Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering)Dr Christopher Jacobs was an acclaimed Scientist and Academic who was recognised a... more...
- Published
- 2019
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10. Selecting supplier combination based on fuzzy multicriteria analysis
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Xiaohong Chen, Wu-E Yang, Zhi-Qiu Han, and Xin-Xing Luo
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Mathematical optimization ,Supply chain management ,Computer science ,Rank (computer programming) ,Programming method ,Fuzzy logic ,Computer Science Applications ,Theoretical Computer Science ,Control and Systems Engineering ,Modeling and Simulation ,Multicriteria analysis ,Fuzzy number ,Information Systems ,Decision analysis - Abstract
Existing multicriteria analysis (MCA) methods are probably ineffective in selecting a supplier combination. Thus, an MCA-based fuzzy 0-1 programming method is introduced. The programming relates to a simple MCA matrix that is used to select a single supplier. By solving the programming, the most feasible combination of suppliers is selected. Importantly, this result differs from selecting suppliers one by one according to a single-selection order, which is used to rank sole suppliers in existing MCA methods. An example highlights such difference and illustrates the proposed method. more...
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- 2014
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11. A two-stage stochastic mixed-integer programming approach to physical distribution network design
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Umut Rifat Tuzkaya and Y. Emre Kılıç
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Mathematical optimization ,Engineering ,Distribution networks ,business.industry ,Strategy and Management ,Management Science and Operations Research ,Permission ,Programming method ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Profit (economics) ,Stochastic programming ,Facility location problem ,business ,Integer programming ,Network model - Abstract
In many industries, distribution activities are realised in a dynamic environment including uncertainties. Besides, adding transportation mode alternatives, inventory-stocking opportunities in wholesalers, unmet demand permission in distribution centres, etc. increase the difficulty of problem modelling and solving for large-scale networks. In this study, the problem of physical distribution network (DN) design with profit maximisation objective function is modelled to tackle with realistic cases. Two-stage stochastic mixed-integer programming method is used to handle the uncertainties and to consider the probable scenarios. The first-stage decisions of the proposed model are related with the selection of facility location in strategic level, and the second-stage decisions are related with the transported and stocked products or unmet demand quantities. Here, a multi-product, two-echelon, multi-mode and multi-period network model is applied to a hypothetically created problem, inspired from the physical D... more...
- Published
- 2014
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12. An inexact stochastic–fuzzy jointed chance-constrained programming for regional energy system management under uncertainty
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Guohe Huang, Zhengping Liu, and Wei Li
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Mathematical optimization ,Engineering ,Control and Optimization ,business.industry ,Applied Mathematics ,Fuzzy set ,Interval (mathematics) ,Management Science and Operations Research ,Programming method ,Fuzzy logic ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Stochastic programming ,Computer Science Applications ,Energy management system ,Probability distribution ,business ,Energy system - Abstract
Environmental problems associated with socio-economic development have been a growing concern facing many regional and/or national authorities. However, effective planning may encounter difficulties since uncertainties existing in a number of impact factors and pollution-related processes are often not well acknowledged and reflected. Combining chance-constrained programming and fuzzy credibility-constrained programming with interval parameters and stochastic programming, this study advances an inexact stochastic–fuzzy jointed chance-constrained programming method for planning regional economic and environmental systems under multiple uncertainties presented as intervals, fuzzy sets and probability distributions. The developed method has been applied to a case of long-term energy management system with multiple energy resources and three communities. Emissions of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are controlled and capacity expansion is scheduled. The results can help to identify desired alternatives fo... more...
- Published
- 2014
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13. Quantitative measurement of human ageing using computer-aided radiographic texture analysis
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Lior Shamir
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Orthodontics ,Longitudinal study ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Longitudinal data ,Radiography ,Biomedical Engineering ,Computational Mechanics ,Chronological age ,Texture (music) ,Programming method ,Computer Science Applications ,Ageing ,Computer-aided ,Medicine ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,business - Abstract
Studying the process of ageing in humans is dependent on methods for quantitative measurement of the physiological differences between younger and older individuals. Although in many cases the chronological age is used as a measurement of ageing, it provides merely a rough approximation of the actual physiological age of a person. Here, we propose a computer method for measuring the physiological age of the human knee by using quantitative analysis of the radiographic Haralick bone texture. Experiments using longitudinal data from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging show that the radiographic Haralick texture correlates with the chronological age, and that the ageing of the knee as reflected by the tibial anisotropy and measured using the radiographic texture is not linear to the chronological age. The analysis reveals that the bone ages until the person gets to the age of 40, then stabilises until the age of around 65, from where it continues to age. A period of rapid ageing was also detected aroun... more...
- Published
- 2013
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14. Automated image analysis for quantification of histochemical detection of reactive oxygen species and necrotic infection symptoms in plant leaves
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Jarosław Gocławski, Urszula Świercz, Elżbieta Kuźniak, Joanna Chojak, and Joanna Sekulska-Nalewajko
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Reactive oxygen species ,Symptom development ,food and beverages ,Plant Science ,Biology ,Programming method ,Staining ,chemistry ,Botany ,Visual assessment ,medicine ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
In plants, the accelerated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a common response to different stresses. We developed a computer method of leaf image analysis to automatically quantify the and H2O2 staining patterns in leaves. The quantification of histochemically detected ROS is given as a percentage of stained area partitioned according to the staining intensity and hence accumulation. Thus, this method expands the routine histochemical detection of ROS in situ. The same procedure can be also used to assess necrotic infection symptoms. In plants infected with necrotizing pathogens leaves can be simultaneously examined for pathogen-induced and H2O2 accumulation and infection development. This procedure allows rapid and accurate examination of many leaves and provides an advantage over the routine visual assessment of in situ histochemical detection of ROS and infection symptom development. more...
- Published
- 2013
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15. A hybrid interval-parameter fuzzy robust programming method and its application to filter management strategy in fluid power systems
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Hui Ji, Yang Li, Yeqing Huang, S.L. Nie, and Guohe Huang
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Fuzzy decision ,Mathematical optimization ,Engineering ,Control and Optimization ,business.industry ,Applied Mathematics ,Fuzzy set ,Probabilistic logic ,Management Science and Operations Research ,Programming method ,Fuzzy logic ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Computer Science Applications ,Management strategy ,Fluid power ,Robustness (computer science) ,Control theory ,business - Abstract
An interval-parameter fuzzy robust programming (IFRP) method is developed for the assessment of filter allocation and replacement strategies in a fluid power system (FPS) under uncertainty. The developed IFRP can effectively handle the uncertainties expressed as fuzzy sets, interval values, and their combinations, which exist in contaminant ingression/generation of the system and contaminant-holding capacity of filter without making assumptions on their probabilistic distributions. The fuzzy decision space can be delimited into a more robust one with the uncertainties being specified through dimensional enlargement of the original fuzzy constraints, leading to enhanced robustness for the optimization process. Results indicate that the developed IFRP can not only help decision-maker to identify optimal filter allocation and replacement strategies to control the contamination level of FPS with a minimized system-cost and system-failure risk under multiple uncertainties, but also mitigate uncertainties throu... more...
- Published
- 2013
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16. Improved discretisation and linearisation of active tension in strongly coupled cardiac electro-mechanics simulations
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Joakim Sundnes, Andrew D. McCulloch, Tom Thorvaldsen, Samuel T. Wall, and Harald Osnes
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Strongly coupled ,Electrophysiological Processes ,Discretization ,Models, Cardiovascular ,Biomedical Engineering ,Heart ,Bioengineering ,General Medicine ,Programming method ,Myocardial Contraction ,Electro mechanics ,Elasticity ,Article ,Electrophysiological Phenomena ,Computer Science Applications ,Human-Computer Interaction ,Operator splitting ,Classical mechanics ,Control theory ,Active tension ,Computer Simulation ,Algorithms ,Mathematics - Abstract
Mathematical models of cardiac electro-mechanics typically consist of three tightly coupled parts: systems of ordinary differential equations describing electro-chemical reactions and cross-bridge dynamics in the muscle cells, a system of partial differential equations modelling the propagation of the electrical activation through the tissue and a nonlinear elasticity problem describing the mechanical deformations of the heart muscle. The complexity of the mathematical model motivates numerical methods based on operator splitting, but simple explicit splitting schemes have been shown to give severe stability problems for realistic models of cardiac electro-mechanical coupling. The stability may be improved by adopting semi-implicit schemes, but these give rise to challenges in updating and linearising the active tension. In this paper we present an operator splitting framework for strongly coupled electro-mechanical simulations and discuss alternative strategies for updating and linearising the active stress component. Numerical experiments demonstrate considerable performance increases from an update method based on a generalised Rush–Larsen scheme and a consistent linearisation of active stress based on the first elasticity tensor. more...
- Published
- 2012
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17. An interval full-infinite programming method to supporting environmental decision-making
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Zhenfang Liu, Guohe Huang, L. He, and Q. Tan
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Solid waste management ,Interval linear programming ,Mathematical optimization ,Control and Optimization ,Applied Mathematics ,Interval (mathematics) ,Management Science and Operations Research ,Programming method ,Environmental decision making ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Semi-infinite programming ,Computer Science Applications ,Mathematics - Abstract
An interval full-infinite programming (IFIP) method is developed by introducing a concept of functional intervals into an optimization framework. Since the solutions of the problem should be ‘globally’ optimal under all possible levels of the associated impact factors, the number of objectives and constraints is infinite. To solve the IFIP problem, it is converted to two interactive semi-infinite programming (SIP) submodels that can be solved by conventional SIP solution algorithms. The IFIP method is applied to a solid waste management system to illustrate its performance in supporting decision-making. Compared to conventional interval linear programming (ILP) methods, the IFIP is capable of addressing uncertainties arising from not only the imprecise information but also complex relations to external impact factors. Compared to SIP that can only handle problems containing infinite constraints, the IFIP approaches are useful for addressing inexact problems with infinite objectives and constraints. more...
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- 2008
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18. Analysis and Development of the Computer Methods of Nucleosome Localization on DNA Fragments with Different AT-content
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V. B. Fedoseyeva and A. A. Alexandrov
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Genetics ,DNA ,General Medicine ,Biology ,Programming method ,AT Rich Sequence ,Chromatin ,Chromosomes ,Nucleosomes ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Structural Biology ,Content (measure theory) ,Biophysics ,biology.protein ,Micrococcal Nuclease ,Nucleic Acid Conformation ,Nucleosome ,Computer Simulation ,Molecular Biology ,Micrococcal nuclease - Abstract
Trinucleotide parameter sets published previously were used for the development of the predictive method for the determining the nucleosome positions along the DNA. The choice of the type of parameter sets used depends upon AT-content of the fragment. Some limitations are imposed on these predictions due to the presence of An, Tn tracts (in our case n>5 or =5) within the 145 bp fragment leading to the displacement or even the prohibition for the corresponding site to be occupied by nucleosomes. The predicted nucleosome positioning site with the large potential may influence on the choice of the proximal nucleosome positions with the weaker bending potentials as is revealed by the comparison with the micrococcal nuclease digestion map. Trinucleotide methods may be considered as advantageous in the comparison with the dinucleotide ones. more...
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- 2007
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19. Indexing reliability for condition survey data
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David Watkinson and Joel Taylor
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Index (economics) ,Computer science ,Condition survey ,Search engine indexing ,Programming method ,Reliability (statistics) ,Reliability engineering - Abstract
This paper discusses the application of existing methods for measuring reliability to collection condition survey data. The essential requirement of reliability is understood by conservators but has never been quantified. The relatively recent introduction of computer methods that calculate reliability is mentioned as a significant step towards introducing the practice of ensuring reliability during pilot studies. The paper discusses different methods of quantification, and their qualities, as well as the aims of assessing reliability for condition surveys. The most satisfactory methods, and choosing an appropriate level of reliability for conservation applications are suggested. However, no single number is offered as a standard. It is recommended that more than one index should be used. The paper also describes techniques to use indices to determine causes of disagreement, so reliability can be increased. more...
- Published
- 2007
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20. Effect of Micro-Mixing Conditions on Predictions of Cryptosporidium Inactivation in an Ozone Contactor
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Stephen A. Craik
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Environmental Engineering ,Ozone ,Flow (psychology) ,Mixing (process engineering) ,Environmental engineering ,Thermodynamics ,Programming method ,Residence time distribution ,Decomposition ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Environmental Chemistry ,Water treatment ,Contactor - Abstract
The U.S. EPA is considering segregated flow analysis as an alternative calculation method to determine Cryptosporidium parvum inactivation credit in continuous-flow ozone contactors in drinking water treatment facilities. A computer method is presented in which C. parvum inactivation in the reactive flow segment of a hypothetical ozone contactor with a pre-determined residence time distribution is calculated based on the assumption of either completely segregated or completely micro-mixed flow. In a series of computer simulations using typical ozonation conditions in a water treatment facility, inactivation predicted assuming complete segregation was 0.3 to more than 2.0 log greater than that predicted assuming complete micro-mixing, depending on the level of back-mixing, ozone decomposition rate and inactivation level. CFSTR-in-series model predictions of inactivation were between those of segregated flow analysis and micro-mixed analysis. It was concluded that segregated flow analysis calculations may r... more...
- Published
- 2005
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21. Tolerance synthesis by a new method for system reliability-based optimization
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Lin Xu, Ping Yi, and Gengdong Cheng
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Engineering ,Mathematical optimization ,Control and Optimization ,Tolerance synthesis ,business.industry ,Applied Mathematics ,Probabilistic-based design optimization ,Management Science and Operations Research ,Programming method ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,First-order reliability method ,Computer Science Applications ,Reliability engineering ,Current practice ,Component (UML) ,business ,Reliability (statistics) - Abstract
The performance–cost ratio of a product may be significantly improved by a better tolerance assignment. Current practice guided by experience usually leads to a conservative and costly design. Because yield in mechanical engineering is analogous to system reliability in structural engineering, this article applies a system reliability-based optimization formulation to tolerance synthesis and presents a sequential approximate programming method. This method is an extension of the approach for the optimization with component reliability constraints. Two often-quoted examples are analyzed in detail to illustrate its effectiveness and a strategy for tolerance assignment is recommended. more...
- Published
- 2005
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22. A computer method for resolving mixed normal distributions
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John H. Morgan
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education.field_of_study ,Wing ,Gaussian ,Population ,Sexing ,Programming method ,Standard deviation ,Normal distribution ,symbols.namesake ,Statistics ,symbols ,Animal Science and Zoology ,education ,Statistical hypothesis testing ,Mathematics - Abstract
Biometric data collected by bird ringers can often be a mixture of two normal (ie Gaussian) distributions, for example, due to sexual size dimorphism, population differences, or species differences. Here, I present a computer‐aided solution for identifying the means, standard deviations and mixing proportion of two groups where the data are mixed. When distributions are unimodal and no other information exists, the program tests the two‐component model generated versus a normal distribution. Further developments are possible and the program is made freely available for this purpose. When the method was applied to published wing length data used to sex birds, means were closely comparable with values deduced from sexing by dissection. For most wing length distributions examined, a two‐component model is a better descriptor of the observed frequencies than a normal distribution. Statistical testing of the separate components by parametric methods will be efficient and more powerful than testing the unresolv... more...
- Published
- 2005
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23. Performance Prediction of In Situ Combustion Processes
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Mustafa Versan Kok
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Engineering ,Petroleum engineering ,Field (physics) ,Waste management ,business.industry ,General Chemical Engineering ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Programming method ,Combustion ,Fuel Technology ,Volume (thermodynamics) ,Scientific method ,Performance prediction ,Oil field ,business ,Combustion front - Abstract
In this research, in situ combustion performance calculations were performed using different algorithms, which were based on oil recovery/volume burned correlative methods. The correlations were based on field and laboratory combustion tube results. A computer method was developed and applied to different heavy crude oil fields. The results showed that an in situ combustion process is applicable in these fields if the volume burned is 30% for field 1 and 40% for field 2. more...
- Published
- 2001
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24. Attitudes Toward Ecosystem Management in the United States, 1992-1998
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David N. Bengston, David P. Fan, and George Xu
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Sociology and Political Science ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Environmental Science (miscellaneous) ,Development ,Public relations ,Programming method ,State (polity) ,Content analysis ,Research based ,Ecosystem management ,Business ,Natural resource management ,Public acceptance ,Marketing ,News media ,media_common - Abstract
Ecosystem management has been formally adopted by a large number of state and federal agencies and by forest products firms and associations. But little research has examined people's attitudes toward this new approach to natural resource management. This study used computer methods to measure favorable and unfavorable attitudes towardecosystem management expressed in 1500 online news media stories over the period 1992 through 1998. We found that ecosystem management is on the downside of the "issue attention cycle," with the total quantity of discussion of this concept rising in the early 1990s, declining during the mid 1990s, and leveling out in recent years. Wealso found that about 78% of all attitudes expressed about ecosystem management in news stories have been favorable, comparable to past research based on surveys of the public. Our analysis suggests that ecosystem management may have become a "settled" (i.e., noncontroversial) issue with broad public acceptance. more...
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- 2001
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25. AGE DIFFERENCES IN EFFICIENCY OF READING COMPREHENSION FROM PRINTED VERSUS COMPUTER‐DISPLAYED TEXT
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Bonnie J. F. Meyer and Leonard W. Poon
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Presentation ,Reading comprehension ,Age differences ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Reading (process) ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,Young adult ,Programming method ,Psychology ,Education ,Developmental psychology ,media_common ,Computer technology - Abstract
Computer technology has become a tremendous aid in examining the aging process as it relates to reading by allowing researchers to measure and control processing time. But is the computer a passive player in the study of reading and aging? Are we overlooking interactions between computers and participants using them? This study compared two types of computer presentation (investigator‐paced and self‐paced by the reader) to reading from the printed page. Older adults were most efficient in their reading comprehension when reading from the printed page, while young adults were most efficient from computer‐paced text. Although reading is a highly practiced skill for both young and old adults, the computer method of presentation is much less familiar to old adults. An overestimation of age differences with misleading findings may occur if computers are routinely used to study age differences in reading comprehension. more...
- Published
- 1997
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26. Computerized Multiple-Input Chromatographic Analysis of Time-Varying Substance Flows
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M. Koel and M. Kaljurand
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Chromatography ,Chemistry ,Desorption ,Sample (statistics) ,Input method ,Programming method ,Focus (optics) ,Multiple input ,Analytical Chemistry ,Material flow - Abstract
This article reviews the application of chromatography analysis to time-varying material flow in chemical reactions and dynamic extraction and desorption studies. Special focus is given to those cases where a variation appears due to various novel approaches to the sample input method. Use of random and regular multiple-input sequences in chromatography are discussed and clarifying examples are presented. more...
- Published
- 1996
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27. Non-classical Light in Nonlinear Symmetric and Asymmetric Couplers
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J. Perina and J. Bajer
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Nonlinear waveguide ,Physics ,Nonlinear system ,Optics ,business.industry ,Physics::Optics ,Light beam ,Order (ring theory) ,Programming method ,business ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Power (physics) - Abstract
We derive the quantum-statistical properties of light beams in nonlinear symmetric and asymmetric couplers composed of linear waveguides and a nonlinear waveguide operating by the second-harmonic generation. This device can exhibit non-classical behaviour in single and compound modes and produce squeezed and/or sub-Poissonian light. Power solutions are obtained up to the twelfth order adopting a symbolic computer method. In addition, new higher-order results for the asymmetric coupler are presented. more...
- Published
- 1995
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28. LITERATURE SURVEY ON NUMERICAL HEAT TRANSFER (1990-1991)
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Tien-Mo Shih and Michael M. Ohadi
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Numerical Analysis ,Engineering ,business.industry ,Management science ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Programming method ,Calculation methods ,Presentation ,Heat transfer ,business ,Literature survey ,Publication ,media_common - Abstract
This survey is a review of technical papers in the area of numerical heat transfer (NHT) published in 1990 and 1991 and is a continuation of past literature surveys. The journals surveyed in this article include (1) Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A (2) Numerical Heat Transfer, Part B (3) International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids, (4) ASME Journal of Heat Transfer (5) International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, (6) Journal of Computational Physics, and (7) AIAA Journal. Several other archival journals, such as Journal of Fluid Mechanics, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, SIAM Journal of Numerical Analysis, Computers and Fluids, Symposia (International) on Combustion, Combustion and Flames, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, Communication on Pure and Applied Mathematics, and Applied Mathematical Modeling, occasionally publish works in the area of NHT. However, they are not surveyed. It is hoped that the relevant papers are cited in the references listed in this article. For ease of presentation, the survey is divided into 16 technical categories. Naturally, many papers cover more than one topic. In this case, they are categorized under the main topic and are cross referenced under others. Also, readers may be interested in amore » particular physical phenomenon or a particular method that is described in more than one of these categories. To facilitate the readers' search, the authors list some of these topics with related papers.« less more...
- Published
- 1993
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29. RECOMMENDATIONS FROM INDUSTRIAL EXPERIENCE FOR COLLEGE STATISTICS COURSES
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Raymond N. Greenwell Ms and
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Product (business) ,Hot topics ,Management science ,General Mathematics ,Process capability ,Statistics ,Data analysis ,Programming method ,Set (psychology) ,Education ,Mathematics - Abstract
Experience in consulting in industry has convinced this author that there is a gap between statistics as it is taught in many college courses and statistics as it is practiced in industry. The size of actual data sets forces the use of computer methods, making the emphasis not, “How do you use this formula?” but, “How do you approach collection and analysis of data for this experiment?” A brief introduction is given to a few hot topics in industrial statistics normally excluded from college courses. One of these topics, process capability, measures the deviation in a set of products, compared with the specifications the products must satisfy. The Taguchi methods are introduced as a way to determine the important factors in manufacturing a product. more...
- Published
- 1993
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30. Multicomponent Kinetic Methods
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Brett M. Quencer and S. R. Crouch
- Subjects
Chemistry ,Scale (chemistry) ,Thermodynamics ,Statistical physics ,Multiple species ,Programming method ,Kinetic energy ,Analytical Chemistry - Abstract
Methods in use for the resolution of multiple species reacting on the same time scale are reviewed. The different approaches can be divided into two categories. The first is for the resolution of mixtures when large rate constant differences are involved, while the second is for mixtures of species with small rate constant differences. This latter approach is the more involved, and is the focus of this review. Popular historical approaches to this problem are discussed, and the principles behind modern methods are described. Applications utilizing the various approaches are given, followed by some conclusions regarding the current status of multicomponent kinetic methods. more...
- Published
- 1993
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Application of Computer Methods to the Design of Distribution Facilities with Intermittent Loads
- Author
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F. S. Prabhakara
- Subjects
Distribution (number theory) ,Computer science ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Programming method ,Marine engineering - Published
- 1992
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Contributions of Professor Gift Siromoney in the Area of Pattern Recognition
- Author
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Rani Siromoney
- Subjects
Engineering ,business.industry ,Syntactic methods ,Pattern recognition ,Programming method ,language.human_language ,Computer Science Applications ,Theoretical Computer Science ,Epigraphy ,Tamil ,Pattern recognition (psychology) ,language ,Artificial intelligence ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,business ,Character recognition - Abstract
Professor Gift Siromoney, who was the founder-chairman of the Department of Statistics, Madras Christian College, Madras passed away on March 21, 1988. He was a much-loved teacher and a highly productive research scientist with a wide range of interests in different fields. A comprehensive surrey of his contributions in the area of pattern recognition is done in this paper. The first part deals with his pioneering work on syntactic methods to picture generation and description. The second part surveys innovative computer methods he developed in the areas of character recognition, epigraphy, Kamatic music and Tamil studies. more...
- Published
- 1991
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. An Automatic Control Rod Programming Method for a Boiling Water Reactor
- Author
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Chaung Lin
- Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Automatic control ,business.industry ,020209 energy ,02 engineering and technology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Programming method ,020303 mechanical engineering & transports ,0203 mechanical engineering ,Nuclear Energy and Engineering ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Environmental science ,Boiling water reactor ,Process engineering ,business - Published
- 1990
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Nonparametric Methods Instruction In Quantitative Geology
- Author
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Phillip Randall Kemmerly
- Subjects
Undergraduate curriculum ,Interpretation (logic) ,Higher education ,business.industry ,Teaching method ,Nonparametric statistics ,Mathematics education ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,business ,Programming method ,Science education ,Statistic ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
Undergraduate curricula have responded over the years to the growing quantification of geology by offering upper-division elective courses in quantitative geology and including significant statistical, mathematical, and computer methods in traditional required courses. Too often, however, statistical methods are taught in rote fashion with little emphasis on the assumptions made about the geologic data, the reasons a particular statistic was selected, or how acceptance or rejection of the hypothesis should be interpreted. Increasing recognition of the non-normality of many geologic variables and the utility of nonparametric methods in geology suggest that they should be introduced to undergraduate students. The Mann-Whitney U and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov two-sample statistics for significance of difference between two samples introduce students to the non-normality of many geologic variables and to the utility of non-parametric methods in data analysis and interpretation. The instructional approach develope... more...
- Published
- 1990
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. WHY THEY GROW, HOW THEY GROW: THE MECHANICS OF TREES
- Author
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Claus Mattheck
- Subjects
Surface (mathematics) ,Tree (data structure) ,Homogeneous ,Surface stress ,Mechanics ,Programming method ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Homogeneous distribution ,Mathematics - Abstract
Summary The main mechanical aim of tree growth is the homogeneous distribution of all stresses acting at the surface of the tree. This is also valid for branch joints and root joints as well as for wound healing and contact stresses due to interaction with other bodies or trees. If there is any local disturbance of the homogeneous surface stress state, the tree tries to repair it by adaptive growth. Related mechanisms are discussed and described theoretically with modern computer methods. more...
- Published
- 1990
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering (CMBBE) 2010
- Author
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Alison Oliver
- Subjects
Engineering ,Engineering drawing ,business.industry ,Biomechanics ,business ,Programming method - Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Influence of nanoindentation test direction on the elastic properties of human cortical bone lamellae
- Author
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M. Vanleene, M.C. Ho Ba Tho, and Pierre-Emmanuel Mazeran
- Subjects
Human-Computer Interaction ,Materials science ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Biomedical Engineering ,medicine ,Biomechanics ,Bioengineering ,Cortical bone ,General Medicine ,Anatomy ,Nanoindentation ,Programming method ,Computer Science Applications - Abstract
Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/title~content=t713455284 Influence of nanoindentation test direction on the elastic properties of human cortical bone lamellae M. Vanleene a; P.-E. Mazeran b; M.-C. Ho Ba Tho a a Laboratoire de Biom canique et G nie Biom dical, Universit de Technologie more...
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Activation pathways of osteoclasts are up-regulated by micromotions at the bone–implant interface
- Author
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Vincent A. Stadelmann and Dominique P. Pioletti
- Subjects
Human-Computer Interaction ,Engineering ,business.industry ,Bone-Implant Interface ,Interface (computing) ,Biomedical Engineering ,Biomechanics ,Bioengineering ,General Medicine ,business ,Programming method ,Computer Science Applications ,Biomedical engineering - Abstract
Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/title~content=t713455284 Activation pathways of osteoclasts are up-regulated by micromotions at the bone-implant interface V.A. Stadelmann a; D.P. Pioletti a a Laboratory of Biomechanical Orthopedics, EPFL-HOSR, Institute of Translational Biomechanics, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland more...
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Computer methods of structural analysis
- Author
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S S Soshin, L E Afanas'eva, N S Zubkov, and O Glukhov
- Subjects
Engineering ,Engineering drawing ,Mechanics of Materials ,business.industry ,law ,Mechanical Engineering ,Metals and Alloys ,Welding ,business ,Programming method ,law.invention - Abstract
(2000). Computer methods of structural analysis. Welding International: Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 236-237.
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Computer methods in biomechanics and biomedical engineering acceptance in the Science Citation Index Expanded!
- Author
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Lorna Morris
- Subjects
Human-Computer Interaction ,Computer science ,Biomedical Engineering ,Biomechanics ,Science Citation Index ,Bioengineering ,General Medicine ,Programming method ,Computer Science Applications ,Biomedical engineering - Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Use of Computer Methods in an Introductory Quantum Mechanics Course
- Author
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L. R. B. Elton, R.G. Gray, and Margaret Cox
- Subjects
Applied Mathematics ,Computation ,Analog computer ,Physics::Physics Education ,Programming method ,Education ,Schrödinger equation ,Course (navigation) ,law.invention ,symbols.namesake ,Mathematics (miscellaneous) ,Calculator ,law ,Quantum mechanics ,Plotter ,ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION ,symbols ,Mathematics ,Desk - Abstract
Summary Computers can be of great help in overcoming mathematical complexities that often arise in science teaching and prevent principles from being understood. This is particularly true in a first introduction to quantum mechanics. In order to investigate the advantages of different computer configurations in an introductory quantum mechanics course, students were given the opportunity to use an analog computer, a programmable desk calculator with plotter and an electronic computer, all of which had been programmed to solve the one‐dimensional Schrodinger equation for a particle in a potential well. An analysis was made of the students’ reactions. more...
- Published
- 1974
- Full Text
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42. Preliminary Design of Steel Frame Folded Plate Roofs
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N. Subramanian and C. Ganapathy Chettiar
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Prefabrication ,Engineering ,Design charts ,business.industry ,Steel frame ,Architecture ,Steel structures ,Structural engineering ,Programming method ,business ,Column (database) - Abstract
Steel frame folded plate roofs offer the possibility of providing large column free areas, and they have an interesting appearance. The only available method for the appropriate design of these frames is the Baer method. This method has many shortcomings and cannot be used in all circumstances. Hence the behaviour of steel frame folded plate roofs was studied by the authors by analysing a number of frames. Based on this study a standard module, which is amenable to prefabrication, was evolved. Design charts have been prepared for this module, and are presented in this paper. Using these charts two examples have been worked out and compared with the computer results. The charts can be used in design offices for the preliminary design of steel frame folded plate roofs without the use of rigorous computer methods. more...
- Published
- 1980
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Methodological Problems of Applying Quantitative Methods in Historical Research
- Author
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I. D. Koval'chenko and Iu. Iu. Kakhk
- Subjects
Quantities of information ,Operations research ,Process (engineering) ,Comparative historical research ,Programming method ,Data science ,Third generation ,Unit (housing) ,Mathematics - Abstract
The development of the history discipline in recent years has been marked by ever broader application of the very latest quantitative and computer methods of research. This became possible with the appearance of the third generation of computers, in which electromagnetic tapes have been replaced by fast-acting disks. Computers of this type also have considerably larger storage capacities, which is particularly valuable for the social sciences, in which we deal with tremendous quantities of information. Moreover, the new technology makes it possible to work simultaneously with several kinds of data and a number of programs. The process of information feed-in and output is also being improved. Optical devices are now being developed for information input directly into the storage unit of the computer without prior transfer to punched cards, which is very labor consuming. more...
- Published
- 1976
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Time- and Space-Saving Computer Methods, Related to Mitchell's DETMAX, for Finding D-Optimum Designs
- Author
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Z. Galil and J. Kiefer
- Subjects
Statistics and Probability ,Polynomial regression ,Mathematical optimization ,Spacetime ,Total cost ,Applied Mathematics ,Modeling and Simulation ,Fractional factorial design ,Programming method ,Computer search ,D optimality ,Mathematics - Abstract
We develop a family of computer search methods for finding optimum designs, that generalize and improve upon Mitchell's exchange and DETMAK algorithms. Our emphasis is on time- and space-saving considerations that permit us to handle larger problems, or to run each search “try” for the optimum more rapidly, than was previously possible. This last means that more tries can be attempted for a given total cost, with consequent greater chance of finding an optimum or near-optimum design. Indeed, we have found a number of new optimum or improved designs using these methods. For k = 6 to 12 parameters and with n observations and k ≤ n ≤ 2k, our methods are typically 15 to 50 times faster than DETMAX (more as n and k increase), with comparable success rates. Numerical studies in linear and quadratic regression examples treat also the effect of amount of initial randomization on the success of a try. more...
- Published
- 1980
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Determination Des Constantes D'Ionisation De Quelques Orthodumines Aromatiques
- Author
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Michel Hanocq and Jean Nève
- Subjects
medicine.diagnostic_test ,Absorption spectroscopy ,Chemistry ,Biochemistry (medical) ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Resolution (electron density) ,Analytical chemistry ,Programming method ,Biochemistry ,Analytical Chemistry ,Ionic strength ,Ionization ,Spectrophotometry ,Electrochemistry ,medicine ,Spectroscopy - Abstract
Ultra-violet and visible absorption spectra of some aromatic orthodiamines were studied, and their ionization constants determined (Ionic strength: 2. 0 M; 25° C). A new computer method (“complex” method) was used for either the resolution of one overlap of pKa or the correction of the medium effect. more...
- Published
- 1977
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Computer Methods for Detecting and Classifying EEG Spikes and Sharp Waves
- Author
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James R. G. Carrie
- Subjects
medicine.diagnostic_test ,Computer science ,business.industry ,General Neuroscience ,medicine ,Pattern recognition ,Artificial intelligence ,Electroencephalography ,Programming method ,business ,Sharp wave - Published
- 1975
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. The interethnic differences of the human serum paraoxonase polymorphism analysed by a quantitative and a qualitative method
- Author
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T.L. Diepgen, M. Geldmacher‐v. Mallinckrodt, and H.W. Goedde
- Subjects
Genetics ,biology ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Paraoxonase ,biology.protein ,Low activity ,Environmental Chemistry ,High activity ,Allele ,Programming method ,Serum paraoxonase ,Serum samples ,Pollution - Abstract
The polymorphism of the human serum paraoxonase1 was analyzed by two distinguished methods in six different ethnic groups (Caucasians, Mongoloids, Negroids), using (1) the Computer Method2 and (2) the Carro‐Ciampi Method3‘4. Analysis of the response of the enzyme activities to salts resulting in low and high activity ratios. Comparison of the results: In Caucasians we distinguished three phenotypes by the Computer method. The polymorphism was governed by two alleles. The Hardy‐Weinberg rule for a two‐allele model was valid. Individuals belonging to the homozygotic group with low activity had a low activity ratio (Carro‐Ciampi method). With both methods a frequency between 57% and 61% was observed for this group. Individuals with medium and high activity had a high activity ratio. In Negroids and Mongoloids samples we found (by the Computer method) a low activity group (Ghanaians 9.6%, Jamaicans 13.6%, Indonesians 6.7%, Koreans 19.6%). The Hardy‐Weinberg rule for a two‐ or three‐allele model was not valid.... more...
- Published
- 1987
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Computer Aided Indexing at NASA
- Author
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Ronald L. Buchan
- Subjects
Thesaurus (information retrieval) ,Information retrieval ,Operations research ,Computer science ,business.industry ,InformationSystems_INFORMATIONSTORAGEANDRETRIEVAL ,Search engine indexing ,Subject (documents) ,Library and Information Sciences ,Programming method ,Automation ,Computer-aided ,business ,Natural language ,Computer technology - Abstract
The application of computer technology to the construction of the NASA Thesaurus and in NASA Lexical Dictionary development is discussed in a brief overview. Consideration is given to the printed and online versions of the Thesaurus, retrospective indexing, the NASA RECON frequency command, demand indexing, lists of terms by category, and the STAR and IAA annual subject indexes. The evolution of computer methods in the Lexical Dictionary program is traced, from DOD and DOE subject switching to LCSH machine-aided indexing and current techniques for handling natural language (e.g., the elimination of verbs to facilitate breakdown of sentences into words and phrases). more...
- Published
- 1987
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Lacunology: On the use of computer methods in Papyrology
- Author
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Ivar Fonnes and Knut Kleve
- Subjects
Papyrology ,Engineering drawing ,Engineering ,business.industry ,Classics ,business ,Programming method - Published
- 1981
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. THE EVALUATION OF STABILITY CONSTANTS OF PROTONATED ZINC-1,2-ETHANEDIAMINE COMPLEXES USING ISO-CONCENTRATION FUNCTIONS
- Author
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Michal Wilgocki
- Subjects
Complex formation ,Inorganic chemistry ,Analytical chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Ethylenediamine ,Protonation ,Zinc ,Programming method ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Stability constants of complexes ,Diamine ,Materials Chemistry ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry - Abstract
A detailed study of complex formation between Hg(II) and 1,2-ethanediamine (en) and 2-aminoethylammonium cation (enH+) has been performed with high initial 1,2-ethanediammonium diperchlorate concentrations (CenH2(ClO4)2 =0.3333 M, 0.25 M, 0.15 M or 0.05 M) and low initial Hg(II) concentration (CHg(ClO4)2 =9.51 × 10−4 M) in 3M (Na, H)ClO4 at 25°C, by measuring the e.m.f. of glass and mercury electrodes. The data for each constant level of p[en], p[enH+] and pH were treated separately by an iso-concentration function of complexation procedure or by a generalized weighted least-squares computer method. The values for the cumulative stability constants of the following complexes were evaluated: Hg(en)2+, β10=1016.749±0.006; Hg(enH)3+, β01=108.82±0.02; Hg(en(enH)3+, β11=1020.751±0.007; Hg(en)2 2+, β20=1025.970±0.003. more...
- Published
- 1985
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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