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Dibutyl phenyl phosphonate (DBPP) was synthesized by the reaction of phenyl phosphorochloridate with 1-butanol in dichloromethane, in the presence of pyridine as a base. The product was characteriz...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of an interprofessional Transitions of Care (TOC) service on 30-day hospital reutilization inclusive of hospital readmissions and ED visits. This was a retrospective cohort study including patients discharged from an academic medical center between September 2013 and October 2014. Patients scheduled for a hospital follow-up visit in the post-acute care clinic (PACC) were included in the intervention group and patients without a post-discharge interprofessional TOC service were included in the comparison group. The intervention included a hospital follow-up visit with an interprofessional healthcare team. The primary composite outcome was hospital reutilization, defined as a hospital readmission or ED visit within 30 days of the discharge date. Overall, 330 patients were included in each group. In the intention-to-treat analysis, the primary composite outcome was not significantly different between groups (16.97% vs. 19.39%

Readmissions to hospitals from post-acute care (PAC) units within long-term care settings have been rapidly increasing over the past decade, and are drivers of increased healthcare costs. With an average of $11,000 per admission, there is a need for strategies to reduce 30-day preventable hospital readmission rates. In 2018, incentives and penalties will be instituted for long-term care facilities failing to meet all-cause, all-condition hospital readmission rate performance measures. An interprofessional team (IPT) developed and implemented a Transfer Triage Protocol used in conjunction with the INTERACT programme to enhance clinical decision-making and assess the potential to reduce the facility's 30-day preventable hospital readmission rates by 10% within 6 weeks of implementation. Results from quantitative analysis demonstrated an overall 35.2% reduction in the 30-day preventable hospital readmission rate. Qualitative analysis revealed the need for additional staff education, improved screening and communication upon admission and prior to hospital transfer, and the need for more IPT on-site availability. This pilot study demonstrates the benefits and implications for practice of an IPT to improve the quality of care within PAC and decrease 30-day preventable hospital readmissions.

Oxidation of a wide variety of structurally and electronically diverse primary and secondary alcohols to aldehydes and ketones was carried out using a novel catalytic system of LaCrO3 and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) under solvent-free conditions. The methodology afforded the desired carbonyl compounds in good to excellent yields, and the catalyst can be reused several times with no significant loss in activity.

An expedient method of silica supported heteropolyacid (HPA) catalyzed liquid phase dehydration of aldoxime to nitrile and secondary alcohols to alkenes were developed. Supported HPA was prepared by wet impregnation method and characterized by various analytical techniques such as X-ray diffraction, FT-IR, and NH3-TPD analysis. HPW-SiO2 was found to be the most efficient catalyst amongst the prepared HPA and was found to be reusable for dehydration reaction under mild operating conditions giving high yields of the desired products.

The adsorption of fluoride on lime stone (LS) and aluminium hydroxide impregnated lime stone (AlLS) was investigated using a batch adsorption technique. A series of experiments were under taken in an agitated batch adsorber to assess the effect of the system variables such as solution pH, dye concentration and temperature. Removal of fluoride was observed to be the most effective at pH 8. The langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were applied to the equilibrium data. The results showed that the Freundlich equation fits better than the Langmuir equation. The maximum sorption capacities for the LS and AlLS adsorbents were found to be 43.10 mg/g and AlLS 84.03 mg/g respectively. The FTIR studies indicate that the adsorption of fluoride is physiorption. The adsorption of fluoride onto AlLS proceeds according to a pseudo-first-order model. The results reveal that the LS and AlLS can be economical for the removal of fluoride compared to many other expensive adsorbents.

An efficient method for the synthesis of 1,1‐diacetates (acylals) from different aldehydes in the presence of (NH4)3PW12O40 and acetic anhydride under solvent‐free conditions at ambient temperature is achieved. Selective conversion of aldehydes was observed in the presence of ketones. The deprotection of acylals has also been achieved using (NH4)3PW12O40 in methanol. The catalyst was found to possess good activity and considerable level of reusability.

SO4 2−/SnO2 was employed for the acylation of a variety of alcohols, phenols, and amines under solvent‐free conditions at room temperature. This method showed preferential selectivity for acetylation of the amino group in the presence of a hydroxyl group. The reported method is simple, mild, and environmentally viable, using several other acid anhydrides at room temperature.

The adsorption of two disperse dyes, disperse blue 56 and disperse red from aqueous solution onto sawdust (SD) and benzyldimethyltetradecyl ammonium (BDTDA) treated sawdust has been studied. The effect of initial concentration of dyes, pH, and contact time has been studied. The pH had a considerable influence on adsorption and optimum pH for adsorption of disperse dyes is found to be in the range of 2–3. The experimental data were analyzed using Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm equations. The experimental data were fitted well to pseudo first order kinetic model with R2>0.99. The results indicate that sawdust modified with surfactant can be employed as a low cost alternative to commercial activated carbon for the removal of disperse dyes.

This study is aimed at the effectiveness of an adsorbent prepared from jackfruit peel (artocarpus heterophyllus), an agricultural waste, for the removal of phenol, 2‐chlorophenol, 4‐chlorophenol, 2,4‐dichlorophenol from aqueous solutions. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out as a function of solution pH, contact time, phenol concentration, adsorbent dose, and temperature. The adsorption equilibrium was reached in 5 h. The order of removal was found to be 2,4‐dichlorophenol > 4‐chlorophenol>2‐chlorophenol>phenol. The Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models were applied to the equilibrium data. The maximum sorption capacities for phenol, 2‐chlorophenol, 4‐chlorophenol, and 2,4‐dichlorophenol were found to be 144.9 mg/g, 243.9 mg/g, 277.7 mg/g, and 400.0 mg/g respectively. The removal of phenols was found to be most effective at lower pH. Kinetic data of the adsorption process could fit a pseudo second order rate equation. An attempt was also made to understand the mechanism of phenol adsor...

The potential of impregnated fly ash (IFA), as low‐cost adsorbent, was evaluated for the removal of Cr(VI) and Hg(II) from aqueous solutions by using batch equilibration technique. Effect of various physicochemical parameters such as initial concentration, contact time, temperature, and pH on the adsorption was investigated in order to optimize the conditions for adsorption. IFA showed enhanced tendency for adsorption. Adsorption efficiency was found to be dependent on the initial concentration and the adsorption behavior followed the Langmuir adsorption model. The adsorption capacity (Q 0) of FA, IFAAl, and IFAFe for Cr(VI) was found to be 1.379, 1.820, and 1.667 mg g−1 and that of Hg(II) was 11.00, 12.50, and 13.40 mg g−1. Rate constants were evaluated in terms of a first‐order kinetic model. Thermodynamic parameters such as free energy (ΔG°), enthalpy (ΔH°), and entropy (ΔS°) for the adsorption process were calculated. The adsorption was found to be endothermic in both the cases.

Adsorption of toxic metal ions like Ni(II) and Zn(II) on fly ash and impregnated fly ash was studied in terms of different parameters like initial metal ion concentrations, pH, and temperature. Impregnated fly ash showed much higher levels of adsorption capacity for Ni(II) and Zn(II) as compared to untreated fly ash. The various rate parameters governing the adsorption process have been determined at different temperatures. Equilibrium modeling has been carried out using Langmuir isotherm equations, and the corresponding constants have been evaluated. Thermodynamic studies have also been carried out and values of standard free energy (ΔG0), enthalpy (ΔH0), and entropy (ΔS0) calculated. The adsorption was found to be exothermic for Ni(II) and endothermic in case of Zn(II) as determined by the values of enthalpy change.